前列腺癌大分割调强放疗副反应初步分析

Objective To analyze the acute and late toxicities in patients with prostate cancer trea-ted with hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Methods Between June 2006 and June 2008, 37 patients with prostate cancer were treated with hypofractionated IMRT. The clinical target vol-ume (CTV) was the prostate, seminal vesicles and pelvic lymph nodes in 24 patients, the prostate and semi-hal vesicles in 12, and only the tumor bed in 1. The dose per fraction was 2.3 - 2.8 Gy, with 2.7 Gy in 26 patients. The minimal dose was 62.5-75.0 Gy to the prostate and seminal vesicles, and 50 Gy to the pelvic lymph nodes. Results The median follow-up was 14 months. None of the patients experienced grade 4 a-cute gastro-intestinal (GI) toxicity. Grade 1, 2 and 3 acute GI toxicity occurred in 24.3%, 35.1% and 2.7% of the patients, respectively. The rectal V50>27% and V55>20% were highly significantly associat-ed with grade ≥1 acute GI toxicity. Grade 1,2 and 3 acute genitourinary (GU) toxicity occurred in 68%, 0% and 3% of the patients, respectively. The bladder V50> 10% was significantly associated with grade ≥1 acute GU toxicity. The incidence of late GI toxicity was low. No grade ≥3 late GI toxicity was observed. The incidence of late grade 1 and 2 GI toxicity was 24% and 5%, respectively. The rectal V65> 10% was highly significantly associated with grade ≥1 late GI toxicity. No late grade 4 GU toxicity was observed. The incidence of grade 1, 2 and 3 late GU toxicity was 49%, 11% and 3%, respectively. Grade ≥2 late GU toxicity was correlated with V40, V50 and mean dose of the bladder. Conclusions Acute and late toxicity of hypofractionated IMRT is acceptable in patients with prostate cancer.     

中国六家肿瘤中心与欧美肿瘤中心放疗医师培养工作比较

目的:对比国内外优秀放疗中心肿瘤放疗专科医师培养经验,为中国肿瘤专科医院放疗基地医师培养体制提供改进的依据。方法:通过电子问卷邮件和在线调查,收取中国6家省级肿瘤专科医院和欧美5家肿瘤专科中心的住院医师及教师反馈,描述和比较培养模式。结果:中国26位住院医师和23位教师参与调查。国外20位住院医师和1位教师回答问卷,并...     

85例颅外转移性乳腺癌放疗疗效观察及预后分析

目的 观察颅外转移性乳腺癌的放疗疗效,探讨全病变放疗意义及预后相关因素。方法 回顾性分析2014—2019年间接受放疗的 85例颅外转移性乳腺癌患者的临床资料,其中全病变放疗 36例,非全病变放疗 49例。采用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率并log-rank检验和单因素预后分析,Cox模型多因素预后分析。结果 全组中位随访时间26.7个月,2年局控(LC)、无进展生存(PFS)、总生存(OS)率分别为77%、26%、77%。全病变放疗预后显著优于非全病变放疗,2年LC率分别为91%和67%(P=0.001),2年PFS率分别为47%和8%(P<0.001),2年OS率分别为84%和71%(P=0.010)。多因素分析显示全病变放疗是LC、PFS、OS的独立预后因素。此外,接受放疗时是否仅有骨转移是LC的影响因素,激素受体状态是OS的影响因素。结论 全病变放疗可以延长颅外转移性乳腺癌患者的生存。仅有骨转移的患者接受放疗后LC更佳,激素受体阴性的患者长期生存较差。     

盆腔淋巴结转移性前列腺癌大分割调强放疗联合内分泌治疗疗效分析

目的 探讨盆腔淋巴结转移性前列腺癌大分割调强放疗联合内分泌治疗疗效及预后。方法 回顾分析中国医学科学院肿瘤医院2006—2018年收治的42例ⅣA期前列腺癌行大分割调强放疗联合内分泌治疗病例的临床资料。前列腺及精囊腺放疗总剂量67.5Gy分25次,盆腔淋巴引流区处方剂量45~50Gy,1.8~2.0 Gy/次,其中33例(79%)病例盆腔阳性淋巴结同步补量至60.0~67.5Gy,2.4~2.7Gy/次。内分泌治疗方案为睾丸去势术或药物去势加抗雄激素治疗。采用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,log-rank检验组间差异和单因素预后分析,Cox模型多因素预后分析。结果 中位随访65.5个月(5~150个月),全组患者5、10年无失败生存(FFS)率分别为67%、45%,无照射野内临床复发;5、10年前列腺癌特异性生存/总生存(PCSS/OS)率分别为85%、60%。Gleason评分是否≥8分和内分泌治疗时长是FFS的预后因素(P<0.05),内分泌治疗时长是PCSS/OS的独立预后因素(P=0.003)。结论 大分割调强放疗联合内分泌治疗盆腔淋巴结转移性前列腺癌疗效较乐观,Gleason评分是否≥8分和内分泌治疗时长是影响预后的重要因素。     

前列腺癌大分割调强放疗副反应初步分析

Objective To analyze the acute and late toxicities in patients with prostate cancer trea-ted with hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Methods Between June 2006 and June 2008, 37 patients with prostate cancer were treated with hypofractionated IMRT. The clinical target vol-ume (CTV) was the prostate, seminal vesicles and pelvic lymph nodes in 24 patients, the prostate and semi-hal vesicles in 12, and only the tumor bed in 1. The dose per fraction was 2.3 - 2.8 Gy, with 2.7 Gy in 26 patients. The minimal dose was 62.5-75.0 Gy to the prostate and seminal vesicles, and 50 Gy to the pelvic lymph nodes. Results The median follow-up was 14 months. None of the patients experienced grade 4 a-cute gastro-intestinal (GI) toxicity. Grade 1, 2 and 3 acute GI toxicity occurred in 24.3%, 35.1% and 2.7% of the patients, respectively. The rectal V50>27% and V55>20% were highly significantly associat-ed with grade ≥1 acute GI toxicity. Grade 1,2 and 3 acute genitourinary (GU) toxicity occurred in 68%, 0% and 3% of the patients, respectively. The bladder V50> 10% was significantly associated with grade ≥1 acute GU toxicity. The incidence of late GI toxicity was low. No grade ≥3 late GI toxicity was observed. The incidence of late grade 1 and 2 GI toxicity was 24% and 5%, respectively. The rectal V65> 10% was highly significantly associated with grade ≥1 late GI toxicity. No late grade 4 GU toxicity was observed. The incidence of grade 1, 2 and 3 late GU toxicity was 49%, 11% and 3%, respectively. Grade ≥2 late GU toxicity was correlated with V40, V50 and mean dose of the bladder. Conclusions Acute and late toxicity of hypofractionated IMRT is acceptable in patients with prostate cancer.     

膀胱癌放疗疗效分析

目的 回顾分析局限于盆腔的肌壁浸润性膀胱癌放疗疗效及影响因素、膀胱功能保存情况及不良反应。 方法 自1999-2016年在我院接受放疗的肌壁浸润性膀胱癌患者 45例(移行细胞癌 41例)。全膀胱 ±盆腔淋巴引流区 ±局部补量放疗,膀胱中位剂量45 Gy,肿瘤局部中位剂量56 Gy,24例接受了同步化疗,14例接受了新辅助化疗,29例放疗前接受过经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术。 结果 中位随访28个月(4~101月),3年总生存率为51%,同步化放疗、单纯放疗 3年总生存率分别为64%、30%(P=0.001),有无新辅助化疗的 3年总生存率分别为59%和47%(P=0.540),放疗前有无局部电切的 3年总生存率分别为58%和43%(P=0.160),有无复发的 3年生存率分别为20%和79%(P=0.001)。局部复发 9例,远处转移 14例,放疗后≥3个月肠道损伤发生率2级 2例,泌尿道损伤发生率2级 4例、3级 2例。除 7例因膀胱肿瘤未控或放疗损伤严重影响患者膀胱功能外,其余均保持了基本正常膀胱功能。 结论 盆腔局限性肌壁浸润性膀胱癌同步化放疗可取得优于单纯放疗疗效,膀胱癌放疗后大部分患者可以保存正常膀胱功能,不良反应可接受。     

早期鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤局部侵犯特点和靶区定义

目的 分析早期鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤病例影像学上各个解剖部位受侵概率,为临床靶区设计提供依据.方法 回顾分析1987-2009年经病理证实的222例Ⅰ E、Ⅱ E期鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤.以影像学为标准,明确邻近受侵器官和结构数目以及淋巴结转移情况.结果 222例患者中64%患者原发肿瘤累及至少一个或多个邻近器官或结构.将鼻腔周围结构依据受侵概率高低分为高危受侵区域(≥40%):筛窦(60%)和上颌窦(55%);中危受侵区域(5%～40%):鼻咽(39%)、鼻背皮肤(22%)、口咽(12%)、眼眶(10%)和硬腭(10%);低危受侵区域(≤5%):蝶窦(3%)、额窦(3%)、软腭(3%)和颅底(1%).全组病例颈部淋巴结转移率为16%(36例).33例Ⅱ E期患者因有影像检查可明确分析颈部淋巴结转移部位,其中最常见受侵区域为颌下或颏下(57%)和上颈部淋巴结(57%).肿瘤局限于一侧鼻腔,对侧颈部淋巴结转移占全部颈淋巴结转移病例(33例)的54%;肿瘤侵犯双侧鼻腔,55%的病例有双侧颈部淋巴结转移.88例超腔Ⅰ期病例未行颈部淋巴结预防照射,颈部淋巴结失败率仅为1%.Ⅰ E期同时合并韦氏环如鼻咽(23例)和口咽(7例)受侵病例,未行颈部淋巴结预防照射,未出现颈部淋巴结失败病例.结论 早期鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤放疗时应将周围高危解剖结构纳入临床靶区范围,并依据个体侵犯特点考虑中危区域及低危区域的纳入;对颈部淋巴结处理,Ⅰ E期不行颈部预防照射,Ⅱ E期推荐行双侧全颈部照射.

Abstract：

Objective To define the patterns of local extension and nodal involvement in patients with early stage nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma, and to improve the delineation of clinical target volume.Methods Two hundred and twenty-two patients consecutively diagnosed with nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma were reviewed.All patients had stage Ⅰ E/Ⅱ E diseases.CT/MRI images were reviewed to determine the local invasion of adjacent organs or structures and involvement of lymph node.Results 143 of 222(64%) patients had primary tumor extended into adjacent organs or structures from nasal cavity.According to the incidence rates of tumor extension, the involved organs or structures were subclassified into three subgroups:high risk (≥40%):ethmoid sinus (60%) and maxillary sinus (55%);intermediate risk (5%-40%):nasopharynx (39%), skin (22%), oropharynx (12%), orbit (10%), and hard palate (10%);and low risk (≤5%):sphenoid sinus (3%), soft plate (3%),frontal sinus (3%) and skull base (1%).Cervical lymph node metastasis occurred in 16%(36/222) of the patients and these patients were staged as Ⅱ E.Thirty-three patients with stage Ⅱ E disease had available images and were analyzed for the pattern of nodal involvement.Submandibular or submental (57%) and the upper cervical lymph nodes (57%) were the most commonly involved sites of nodal region.For the 24 patients with primary tumor located in the unilateral nasal cavity, 54% presented with contralateral cervical lymph node metastasis.Whereas for the 9 patients with primary tumor located in the bilateral nasal cavity, 57% had bilateral cervical lymph node metastasis.For the 88 patients with extensive stage Ⅰ E disease who did not receive irradiation to the cervical lymph node, only one patient (1%) had disease relapse in cervical lymph node.Furthermore, all patients with disease extended to nasopharynx (n= 23) or oropharynx (n= 8) did not receive prophylactic cervical lymph node irradiation, and none of them developed cervical lymph node relapse.Conclusions The delineation of clinical target volume for early stage nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma should be determined by the risk of involvement of paranasal structures and cervical lymph node.Prophylactic neck irradiation is not recommended for patients with stage Ⅰ disease.     

贫血在结外鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤预后价值——中国淋巴瘤放疗协作组多中心研究

目的 分析贫血在结外鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤中的预后价值。方法 回顾分析 1225例在中国10个医疗中心确诊并且接受首程治疗的结外鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤。中国贫血标准:海平面地区成年男性Hb<120 g/L,成年女性<110 g/L。贫血程度分级:极重度Hb≤30 g/L,重度 31~60 g/L,中度 61~90 g/L,轻度>90 g/L。结果 全组患者就诊时有 199例伴有贫血,占16.2%。贫血患者具有更多预后不良因素,贫血患者中分期为Ⅱ—Ⅳ期、中位年龄>60岁、ECOG评分2—4分、NK/T细胞淋巴瘤预后指数≥2分的比例较高。贫血、非贫血患者 5年OS分别为49.4%、63.3%(P<0.01),5年PFS分别为35.4%、56.0%(P<0.01)。单因素分析显示贫血、年龄、ECOG评分、B组症状、乳酸脱氢酶、原发部位、原发肿瘤侵犯以及分期是OS和PFS影响因素,多因素分析显示贫血仍然是预后影响因素。结论 贫血在结外鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤中少见,这部分患者预后较差,贫血是预后影响因素。     

原发韦氏环弥漫性大B细胞与结外鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的临床特征和预后比较

目的 比较原发韦氏环弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)与结外鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤(ENKTCL)的临床特征和预后差异。方法 对2000-2008年间本院收治的 122例DLBCL和 44例ENKTCL进行回顾分析。DLBCL通常 4~6周期CHOP方案化疗后加累及野放疗,早期NKTCL单纯扩大野放疗或加辅助化疗或放疗前加短周期(1~3周期) CHOP方案化疗。Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率并Logrank检验组间差异和单因素预后分析。结果 随访率为82%,DLBCL和ENKTCL随访时间满 5年者分别为 32例和 15例。DLBCL多见于扁桃体并伴有颈淋巴结累及,ENKTCL多见年轻男性、鼻咽Ⅰ期病变、B症状和侵犯周围结构。DLBCL和ENKTCL的 5年总生存率、无进展生存率分别为74%、67%和68%、59%(χ²=0.53、1.06,P=0.468、0.303);Ⅰ+Ⅱ期的 5年总生存率、无进展生存率分别为79%、76%和72%、62%(χ²=1.20、2.46,P=0.273、0.117)。单因素分析显示年龄>60岁、乳酸脱氢酶升高、东部肿瘤协作组评分>1、国际预后指数评分≥1、Ⅲ+Ⅳ期病变和大肿块与DLBCL的预后相关(χ²=9.40、12.72、6.15、10.36、12.48、5.53,P=0.002、0.000、0.013、0.001、0.000、0.019),而国际预后指数评分≥1和年龄>60岁与ENKTCL的预后相关(χ²=3.98、8.41,P=0.046、0.004)。结论 原发韦氏环的DLBCL与ENKTCL临床特征不同,但不同治疗原则下两者预后相似。     

前列腺癌大分割调强放疗副反应初步分析

Objective To analyze the acute and late toxicities in patients with prostate cancer trea-ted with hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Methods Between June 2006 and June 2008, 37 patients with prostate cancer were treated with hypofractionated IMRT. The clinical target vol-ume (CTV) was the prostate, seminal vesicles and pelvic lymph nodes in 24 patients, the prostate and semi-hal vesicles in 12, and only the tumor bed in 1. The dose per fraction was 2.3 - 2.8 Gy, with 2.7 Gy in 26 patients. The minimal dose was 62.5-75.0 Gy to the prostate and seminal vesicles, and 50 Gy to the pelvic lymph nodes. Results The median follow-up was 14 months. None of the patients experienced grade 4 a-cute gastro-intestinal (GI) toxicity. Grade 1, 2 and 3 acute GI toxicity occurred in 24.3%, 35.1% and 2.7% of the patients, respectively. The rectal V50>27% and V55>20% were highly significantly associat-ed with grade ≥1 acute GI toxicity. Grade 1,2 and 3 acute genitourinary (GU) toxicity occurred in 68%, 0% and 3% of the patients, respectively. The bladder V50> 10% was significantly associated with grade ≥1 acute GU toxicity. The incidence of late GI toxicity was low. No grade ≥3 late GI toxicity was observed. The incidence of late grade 1 and 2 GI toxicity was 24% and 5%, respectively. The rectal V65> 10% was highly significantly associated with grade ≥1 late GI toxicity. No late grade 4 GU toxicity was observed. The incidence of grade 1, 2 and 3 late GU toxicity was 49%, 11% and 3%, respectively. Grade ≥2 late GU toxicity was correlated with V40, V50 and mean dose of the bladder. Conclusions Acute and late toxicity of hypofractionated IMRT is acceptable in patients with prostate cancer.