水资源集约安全利用评估模型构建及应用

为贯彻落实"十六字"治水思路的必然要求和重要任务之一——水资源集约安全利用的评价工作,在节水优先和生态优先方针指导下,探讨了水资源集约安全利用的评价指标体系,进而采用AHP-CRITIC综合赋权,引入对称交互熵多属性排序法,建立了水资源集约安全利用评估模型.应用于2019年中国31个省级行政区(不含港澳台)的研究结果表...     

Flow Development Through HP & LP Turbines,Part Ⅱ: Effects of the Hub Endwall Secondary Sealing Air Flow on the Turbine's Mainstream Flow

Although many literatures have been focused on the underneath flow and loss mechanism,very few experiments and simulations have been done under the engines' representative working conditions or considering the real cavity structure as a whole.This paper aims at realizing the goal of design of efficient turbine and scrutinizing the velocity distribution in the vicinity of the rim seal.With the aid of numerical method,a numerical model describing the flow pattern both in the purge flow spot and within the mainstream flow path is established,fluid migration and its accompanied flow mechanism within the realistic cavity structure (with rim seal structure and considering mainstream & secondary air flow's interaction) is used to evaluate both the flow pattern and the underneath flow mechanism within the inward rotating cavity.Meanwhile,the underneath flow and loss mechanism are also studied in the current paper.The computational results show that the sealing air flow's ingestion and ejection are highly interwound with each other in both upstream and downstream flow of the rim seal.Both the downstream blades' potential effects as well as the upstream blades' wake trajectory can bring about the ingestion of the hot gas flow within the cavity,abrupt increase of the static pressure is believed to be the main reason.Also,the results indicate that sealing air flow ejected through the rear cavity will cause unexpected loss near the outlet section of the blades in the downstream of the HP rotor passages.     

高速钢工件表面物理化学气相沉积TiN

介绍了等离子化学气相沉积氮化钛技术在高速钢刀具和飞机用高速钢精密轴承上的应用，经ＰＣＶＤ－ＴｉＮ处理的高速钢刀具可以提高其表面强度，降低摩擦系数，从而提高其使用寿命，处理过的高速钢轴承精度高，具有抗高温氧化和抗热震性能，满足了使用要求。     

动校拉伸现象分析及其消除

地下速度的变化，使各层反射界面的反射波旅行时曲线斜率产生变化，导致NMO校正中存在动校拉伸，进而影响叠加结果。针对这一问题，①以双曲线动校公式为例，分析了动校拉伸与t0时间、偏移距、速度及速度变化率之间的关系，并应用数学推理及地球物理概念对其进行了解释；②根据叠加速度求取过程中所采用的分时能量最大原则，给出在动校后记录的某一时间段中尽管存在动校拉伸，但最大波峰的动校位置准确的结论，并采用横向滑动寻优的方法，拾取最大波峰动校后的t0时间；③计算动校拉伸因子，进行反拉伸校正。最后，应用理论合成记录和实际资料对上述方法进行了验证。结果表明，用上述方法处理的剖面，同相轴的连续性和资料的信噪比都得到了提高。     

粗面岩储集层录井评价方法

辽河油田粗面岩油气藏比较发育，但储集层的均质性较差，增加了对其评价的难度。该文利用核磁共振技术和气相色谱技术在储集层评价上具有的独特技术优势，经过现场录井的不断实践，总结了粗面岩油气层的综合解释方法，建立了粗面岩储集层评价标准，并在实际中加以应用，取得了较好的效果，为辽河油田的进一步勘探和开发提供了可靠的依据。     

辅助加热PCVD—TiN薄膜的性能及结构分析

研究了反应气体对辅助加热ＰＣＶＤ－ＴｉＮ薄膜制备的影响。结果表明，提高反应气体中ＴｉＣｌ４薄膜内的氯含本不变。     

Quantitative planar laser-induced fluorescence imaging of multi-component fuel/air mixing in a firing gasoline-direct-injection engine: Effects of residual exhaust gas on quantitative PLIF

A study of in-cylinder fuel-air mixing distributions in a firing gasoline-direct-injection engine is reported using planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) imaging. A multi-component fuel synthesised from three pairs of components chosen to simulate light, medium and heavy fractions was seeded with one of three tracers, each chosen to co-evaporate with and thus follow one of the fractions, in order to account for differential volatility of such components in typical gasoline fuels. In order to make quantitative measurements of fuel-air ratio from PLIF images, initial calibration was by recording PLIF images of homogeneous fuel-air mixtures under similar conditions of in-cylinder temperature and pressure using a re-circulation loop and a motored engine. This calibration method was found to be affected by two significant factors. Firstly, calibration was affected by variation of signal collection efficiency arising from build-up of absorbing deposits on the windows during firing cycles, which are not present under motored conditions. Secondly, the effects of residual exhaust gas present in the firing engine were not accounted for using a calibration loop with a motored engine.In order to account for these factors a novel method of PLIF calibration is presented whereby ‘bookend’ calibration measurements for each tracer separately are performed under firing conditions, utilising injection into a large upstream heated plenum to promote the formation of homogeneous in-cylinder mixtures. These calibration datasets contain sufficient information to not only characterise the quantum efficiency of each tracer during a typical engine cycle, but also monitor imaging efficiency, and, importantly, account for the impact of exhaust gas residuals (EGR). By use of this method EGR is identified as a significant factor in quantitative PLIF for fuel mixing diagnostics in firing engines.The effects of cyclic variation in fuel concentration on burn rate are analysed for different fuel injection strategies. Finally, mixture distributions for late injection obtained using quantitative PLIF are compared to predictions of computational fluid dynamics calculations.     

道间距对偏移结果影响的讨论

对偏移算法进行了简要回顾，提出对偏移结果产生影响的因素除偏移算法、速度场的准确程度和地震资料的品质之外，还应包括道间距及采样率等。指出道间距过大对偏移结果的影响主要是导致空间假频现象的出现，偏移速度场难以准确建立，偏移横向误差大及偏移信息量少，这些影响与具体偏移算法无关。应用理论模型及实际资料对上述结论进行了验证。根据验证结果，建议在野外施工设计过程中，应根据勘探目的不同、地下构造的复杂程度及勘探精度，并考虑道间距对偏移结果的影响，合理地设计道间距。     

我国东部复杂断块区三维地震反演与储集层预测

由于地质条件和资料品质的限制，复杂断块区的三维地震资料反演和储集层预测有较大的难度。给出了我国东部某复杂断块区三维地震反演和储集层预测的技术实例，总结了反演工作经验。详细阐述了实现的策略和技术方案，包括数据的分析与处理（如地震极性的判断、测井曲线规则化和敏感性分析等）、子波提取、拟声波测井曲线的重构、约束波阻抗反演、速度场建立、地质统计随机模拟等，展示了多学科一体化工作的过程。研究结果为该区块的井位部署提供重要依据，对类似地区的地震反演和储集层预测也有重要的借鉴意义。     

波阻抗反演技术中空变子波的求取

首先将反演技术中的地震子波定义为地震记录与初始模型之间的匹配因子，然后分析了现行软件中空变子波求取的办法及存在的问题，最后提出了利用地震记录与初始模型联合求子波，并采用多道滑动的办法来解决子波空变问题，从而使地震子波的求取更为合理准确，给约束反演的准确性奠定了良好的基础，应用实例证明，此方法是解决子波空变问题的一个好办法。