髋臼骨折手术失败原因分析

目的 分析可能导致髋臼骨折手术失败的因素.方法 根据Matta X线评定标准和Merle d'Aubigne & Postel髋关节功能评价标准,以髋臼骨折术后复位分级为不满意或未行复位及固定,髋关节临床评价为"差",发生股骨头半脱位或脱位、股骨头坏死等严重髋关节并发症为治疗失败.回顾性分析2000年2月至2008年2月收治的22例髋臼骨折手术失败病例,男14例,女8例;年龄18～72岁,平均38.6岁.从术前影像学诊断、手术入路选择、内固定方案三方面对失败原因进行分析.结果 10例因髋臼后壁骨折未予以有效复位及固定而导致手术失败,占45.5%(10/22);6例因髋臼后柱骨折未予以有效复位及固定而导致手术失败,占27.3%(6/22);3例前壁骨折复位不满意,占13.6%(3/22);2例髋臼前柱骨折未予以复位及固定,占9.1%(2/22);1例未行骨折复位及固定而行全髋关节置换,占4.5%(1/22).在手术失败病例中单纯依靠X线片进行诊断的漏诊及误诊率为90%,X线片结合CT检查的误诊率为8.3%.10例诊断错误者入路选择错误率为100%;12例诊断正确者,其中7例入路选择不正确,错误率为58.3%,另5例虽入路选择正确,但3例因复位及内固定不满意,2例因内固定选择错误而导致手术失败.结论 术前漏诊或误诊、手术入路选择错误、复位方法及内固定选择错误、手术操作掌握不充分是导致髋臼骨折手术失败的可能原因.     

关节置换术与内固定术治疗老年人移位型股骨颈骨折的系统评价

目的 系统评价关节置换术和内固定术治疗老年人移位型股骨颈骨折的疗效. 方法 计算机检索Medline(1966年1月至2009年9月),荷兰医学文摘(1966年1月至2009年9月),Cochrane图书馆(2008年第1期)、中国生物医学文献数据库(截止2009年9月),中国学术期刊网(截止2009年9月),手工检索相关参考文献及中文期刊,收集所有关节置换术与内固定术比较治疗老年人(>60岁)移位型股骨颈骨折的随机对照试验(RCT),筛选出符合纳入标准的文献,对其进行严格的质量评价后应用RevMan4.2.8软件进行Meta分析. 结果 共纳入18个RCT,包含2561例患者.Meta分析结果显示,关节置换术术后2年再手术率(RR=0.13,95%CI 0.09～0.17)、5年再手术率(RR=0.11,95%CI 0.06～0.22)及术后2年主要并发症发生率(RR=0.20,95% CI 0.15～0.27)、5年主要并发症发生率(RR=0.18,95% CI 0.1 1～0.30)均低于内固定术.但二者术后1个月和2年病死率差异均无统计学意义(RR=1.42,95%CI 0.89～2.24;RR=1.01,95%CI 0.86～1.18).结论 与内固定术相比,关节置换术治疗老年人移位型股骨颈骨折可明显降低术后主要并发症的发生率及再次手术率,但两种术式的术后2年病死率无明显差异.     

牵拉成骨技术治疗下肢大段骨缺损

目的 探讨应用牵拉成骨技术治疗下肢大段骨缺损的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2002年8月至2010年8月收治的11例下肢大段骨缺损患者临床资料,男10例,女1例;年龄14～53岁,平均34.5岁.均行牵拉成骨治疗,右侧胫骨7例,左侧胫骨3例,右侧股骨1例;骨缺损长度5～15cm,平均8.6 cm;9例治疗已结束,2例仍处于矿化阶段.结果 所有患者术后获7～48个月(平均27.3个月)随访.9例治疗结束患者,平均骨愈合指数为1.99个月/cm;根据Paley评价系统评价骨性结果:优6例,良3例,优良率为100%;功能结果:优4例,良4例,一般1例.结论应用牵拉成骨技术治疗大段骨缺损,手术操作简单,尤其是对于单纯骨干缺损患者,采用单边外固定支架治疗,且其手术操作更为简洁.

Abstract：

Objective To discuss the therapeutic effect of distraction osteogenesis for large bone defect of the lower extremity. Methods From August 2002 to August 2010, 11 patients with large bone defect at the lower extremity were treated with distraction osteogenesis. They were 10 men and one woman, aged from 14 to 53 years (average, 34. S years). The defect was at the right tibia in 7 cases, left tibia in 3 cases and right femur in one case. The lengths of bone defect ranged from 5 to 15 cm (average, 8. 6 cm). Results The patients were followed up for 7 to 48 months, with a mean period of 27. 3 months. The treatment of 9 cases was over, with a mean healing index of 1. 99 months/cm. According to the Paley evaluation system, the bony results were excellent in 6 and good in 3 patients; the functional results were excellent in 4, good in 4, and fair in one patient. Two cases were still in the mineralization period. Conclusion Treatment of large bone defects with distraction osteogenesis is simple and can obtain satisfactory therapeutic effects, especially when a monolateral external fixator is used for the simple shaft bone defect.     

改良Galveston技术与拉力螺钉固定单侧骶髂关节脱位的有限元分析

目的 通过对改良Galveston技术与拉力螺钉同定单侧骶髂关节脱位的三维有限元模型进行分析,比较其生物力学稳定性.方法基于CT扫描数据,利用Mimics10.01软件和Geomagic10.0软件埘骨盆模型进行几何重建;利用Solidworks2007软件对内固定器械进行几何重建.导人Hypermesh 10.0软件中进行刚格划分和装配,赋予材料属性.建立右侧骶髂关节脱位双侧L4-髂骨Galveston固定、双侧L5-髂骨Galveston固定、单侧L4-髂骨Galveston同定、单侧L5-髂骨Galveston固定和拉力螺钉固定5种有限元模型.最后导入Ansys10.0软件中,在L4椎体上方模拟施加500 N轴向压缩载荷,分析不同内固定方式的von Mises应力分布和应变分布.结果从应力和应变云图可知,双侧L4-髂骨Galveston固定、舣侧L5-髂骨Galveston固定、单侧L4-髂骨Galveston固定、单侧L5-髂骨Galveston固定及拉力螺钉固定后骨盆的最大应力值分别为1.690×109 Pa、1.310×109 Pa、0.834×109 Pa、0.836×109 Pa、1.584×109 Pa;骶骨相对于左侧髋骨的移位方向为向下、向前和向右,总位移依次为1.589×10-3m、1.871×10～m、2.404×10-3 m、2.468×10-3m、0.308×10-3m.结论各种内固定下 Von Mises应力集中分布于腰髂螺钉与骨质的结合部位.改良Galveston技术双侧固定较单侧固定应变小,无论是双侧固定还是单侧固定,固定于L4和L5的应变无明显差异,但均明显大于拉力螺钉吲定.

Abstract：

Objective To explore biomechanical properties of modified Galveston technique and lag screw fixation for dislocation of the unilateral sacroiliac ioint through finite element analysis. Methods Soft-ware Mimics 10.0l and Geomagic 10.0 was used to develop a geometric reconstruction of the pelvis based on the CT scan data.Geometric reconstructions of different internal fixations were also developed using software Solidworks 2007.The models were meshed,assembled and given the material properties through software Hypermesh 10.0.Five models of three-dimensional finite element(3D FE)were established for dislocation of the sacroiliac ioint:double L4-ilium Galveston fixation,double L5-ilium Galveston fixation,single L4-ilium Galveston fixation.single L5-ilium Galveston fixation,and lag screw fixation,Finally the models were imported to software Ansys 10.0.An axial load of 500 N was compressed above the L4 vertebral body.Stress-strain nephograms for the 5 different fixations were compared.and biomechanical stabilities of different internal fixations were analyzed. Results The stress-strain nephograms showed the maximum pelvic stresses in the 5 fixations were respectively 1.690×109Pa(double L4-1 Galveston),1.130×109Pa(double 1.584×109Pa(1ag screw fixation).Displacements of the sacrum were downward,forward,and rightward.The total displacements were respectively 1.589×10-3m,1.871×10-3m,2.404×10～m,2.468×10-3m and 0.308 ×103 m. Conclusions The maximum displacement in bilateral fixation is smaller than that in unilateral fixation with modified Galveston technique.In both bilateral and unilateral Galveston fixations for L4and L5,the maximum displacements are not significantly different,but they are larger than that in lag screw fixation.     

Distribution and property of nerve fibers in human long bone tissue

Objective： To observe the distribution of the nerve fibers in the bone tissue and the entry points of these fibers into the bone. Methods： The adult tibia was used for the ground sections which were afterwards made into the slice sections by decalcification in ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid （EDTA）. The ground sections were stained in silver and the slice sections were stained in silver and haematoxylin and eosin （HE） respectively. Then, the samples of the transmission electron microscope and the atomic force microscope were made and observed. Results ： In the human long bone tissue, many nerve fibers were distributed in the membrane, cortical bone, cancellous bone and marrow. The nerve fibers entered the bone from the nutrient foramen, and passed through the nutrient canal, Haversian＇ s canal and Volkmann＇ s canal, and finally into the bone marrow. In the nutrient canal, the nerve fibers, mainly the medullary nerve fibers, followed the blood vessel into the bone. In the cortical bone, the nerve fibers also followed the blood vessels and were mainly distributed along Haversian＇ s canal and Volkmann＇ s canal. In the bone trabecular and bone marrow, there were many nerve fiber endings arranged around the blood vessels, mainly around the tunica media of medium-size arteries in the marrow and around capillary blood vessels, and a few scattered in the bone marrow. There were sporadic nerve endings in epiphyseal plate and no nerve fibers permeated epiphysis to diaphysis. No distribution of nerve fibers could be found in cartilaginous part. Conclusions： There are many nerve fibers in bone and the nerve passageway is nutrient foramen, Volkman＇ s canal, Haversian＇ s canal and bone marrow.     

Suture Button装置修复下胫腓联合损伤的初步报告

[目的] 探讨Suture Button装置治疗下胫腓联合损伤后的手术方法及临床效果.[方法] 对截止于2007年9月利用Suture Button装置固定的下胫腓联合急、慢性损伤的13例病人进行连续随访观察,通过术后X线片数字化测量和标准的踝足功能评分,评估其疗效并探讨临床应用前景.[结果] 除1例病人因术后短期再次创伤意外,行2次手术更换为传统螺钉内固定外,其余病人均在术后6周开始部分负重功能锻炼,术后第3个月功能平均评分达到满意,术后第6、12个月功能平均评分达到优良,X线片未发现内固定失效.[结论] Suture Button装置治疗下胫腓联合损伤具有技术简单、手术时间短、内固定器物理特性符合人体正常解剖生理、固定强度足够、无需2次手术取出等多项优势,可能成为下胫腓联合损伤新的治疗标准.     

Hugh Owen Thomas (1834-1891)

胡格·欧文·托马斯,出生于安格尔西岛。其父是当地一位接骨师,曾在利物浦开设骨科诊所,接骨技术娴熟。托马斯自小受父亲影响,先后在伦敦大学、爱丁堡大学、巴黎大学学医。1857年获得行医执照,开始了在利物浦长达32年的行医生涯。 托马斯在治疗膝关节结核时使用简易的夹板装置,由二根坚硬的金属杆与一     

间充质干细胞治疗骨性关节炎的研究进展

细胞疗法治疗骨性关节炎疗效确切且安全性较高,其中间充质干细胞作为多能基质细胞,可以从骨组织、脂肪组织、滑膜组织等多种自体和同种异体组织中分离和分化,具有减轻炎症并促进血管生成的作用,目前已逐渐成为治疗骨性关节炎的一种替代细胞疗法.本文就间充质干细胞的来源、给药途径、最佳剂量、注射频率对骨性关节炎患者的疗效做一综述.     

高温高湿环境肢体火器伤后细菌培养及菌群分析

目的探讨高温高湿环境下肢体火器伤后细菌入血时间及伤道和血液中细菌种类。方法将犬随机分为高温高湿(HHE)组和常温常湿(NE)组,于火器伤后0、4、6、8、12、24h进行体温测量、伤道分泌物和血液的细菌培养及菌群分析。结果HHE组动物体温较NE组升高早,且持续高热;血液中出现细菌的时间:NE组为伤后12h,HHE组为伤后8h;菌群分析结果:两组弹道局部分泌物中均为表面菌群;血液中NE组只有表面菌群,HHE组除表面菌群外还有肠道菌群。结论高温高湿环境下火器伤后体温升高明显,细菌入血时间提前,肠道细菌容易入血,处理更应强调早期使用广谱抗生素。     

神经肽 Y和血管活性肠肽在发育骨中的表达

目的观察两种主要肽能神经递质神经肽Y和血管活性肠肽在骨发育过程中的表达方式,探讨肽能神经发育与血管发生和成骨细胞分化的关系。方法以胚胎及新生SD大鼠为实验对象,取14d胚胎至出生后2周大鼠下肢及足管状骨,制成病理蜡块,HE染色确定骨发育阶段后,然后对同一蜡块的同一层面切片进行抗神经肽Y(neuropeptide,NPY)、血管活性肠肽(vasoactiveintestinapeptide,VIP)、血管内皮生长因子(vasoepithelialgrowthfactor,VEGF)和碱性磷酸酶(alkalinephosphatase,AP)免疫组织化学染色,光镜下定性比较染色的位置和强度。结果在软骨基质期,NPY及VEGF表达基本为阴性,VIP出现弱表达,AP反应为弱阳性;在初级骨化中心期,VIP与AP的表达进一步增强,骨化中心VEGF与NPY均出现弱表达;在次级骨化中心期,VIP与AP的表达表现为相似的多中心性。结论在骨发生过程的最早期,成骨细胞出现分化迹象,此时并无血管发生,VIP的表达提示软骨基质可能已有神经独立支配,并且在后续的过程中,成骨活动的强度与VIP表达平行,提示神经支配可能持续起作用;在骨化中心阶段,NPY与VEGF表达的空间、时间的类似,提示该类肽能神经可能与血管发生有伴随关系。