Induction of Tertiary Phase Epileptiform Discharges after Postasphyxial Infusion of a Toll-Like Receptor 7 Agonist in Preterm Fetal Sheep

Background: Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists are key immunomodulatory factors that can markedly ameliorate or exacerbate hypoxic–ischemic brain injury. We recently demonstrated that central infusion of the TLR7 agonist Gardiquimod (GDQ) following asphyxia was highly neuroprotective after 3 days but not 7 days of recovery. We hypothesize that this apparent transient neuroprotection is associated with modulation of seizure-genic processes and hemodynamic control. Methods: Fetuses received sham asphyxia or asphyxia induced by umbilical cord occlusion (20.9 ± 0.5 min) and were monitored continuously for 7 days. GDQ 3.34 mg or vehicle were infused intracerebroventricularly from 1 to 4 h after asphyxia. Results: GDQ infusion was associated with sustained moderate hypertension that resolved after 72 h recovery. Electrophysiologically, GDQ infusion was associated with reduced number and burden of postasphyxial seizures in the first 18 h of recovery (p < 0.05). Subsequently, GDQ was associated with induction of slow rhythmic epileptiform discharges (EDs) from 72 to 96 h of recovery (p < 0.05 vs asphyxia + vehicle). The total burden of EDs was associated with reduced numbers of neurons in the caudate nucleus (r² = 0.61, p < 0.05) and CA1/2 hippocampal region (r² = 0.66, p < 0.05). Conclusion: These data demonstrate that TLR7 activation by GDQ modulated blood pressure and suppressed seizures in the early phase of postasphyxial recovery, with subsequent prolonged induction of epileptiform activity. Speculatively, this may reflect delayed loss of early protection or contribute to differential neuronal survival in subcortical regions.     

Highly Uniform and Stable Transparent Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Film Based on Silver Nanowire–PEDOT:PSS Composite for High Power Microwave Shielding

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials, especially ones with excellent shielding effectiveness (SE), high optical transmittance, long-term stability as well as high uniformity, are urgently desired to meet the requirements of many applications. Herein, an extremely transparent, stable and uniform silver nanowire (Ag NW)–poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) composite film as an EMI shielding material is prepared, which possess excellent shielding capability to both small signal and high power microwaves (HPM). The composite film exhibits SE of 30.5 dB in the frequency range of 1–12 GHz (small signal) and simultaneously has an optical transmittance of 91.0%. The SE continuously increases to 41.4 dB, while the optical transmittance still maintains at 81.1%. The composite film is very uniform, and its SE is almost unchanged even when exposed in air for a year. The SE of this composite film under the excitation of HPM is also thoroughly investigated. The HPM SE is much larger than that of small signal. As the power density of HPM is increased, the SE firstly remains unchanged, then continuously increases, and finally saturates. The SE exceeds 50 dB with the excitation power density of 40 W. More interestingly, the SE is saturated at a fixed HPM power density.     

Effect of high temperature on the mechanical properties of hierarchical porous cenosphere/geopolymer composite foams

A hierarchical porous cenosphere/geopolymer composite foam (FHCs/KGP) was fabricated by the simultaneous incorporation of O₂ pore from hydrogen peroxide and cenosphere filler addition. Effects of both H₂O₂ content and high-temperature treatment on the microstructure, porosity and strength of porous FHCs/KGP foams were investigated systematically. The obtained FHCs/KGP foams showed typical amorphous structure and desirable porosity from 65 to 82%. The composites could crystallize in situ to FHCs/leucite foams above 1000℃. Compression strength of the FHCs/leucite foams showed a maximum value of 5 ± 0.3 MPa when treated at 1000°C. The improvement of mechanical properties for the composite foams was attributed to crack deflection, fractured microspheres and the good bond between the FHCs and matrix. This study could open opportunities to employ cellular foams as alternatives in structure and filtration applications.     

Preparation and mechanical characteristics of fine-woven cloth and punctured felt preform Cf/C-SiC-ZrC composite

A 3D architecture carbon fiber preform, specifically fine-woven cloth and punctured felt preform, is used to manufacture a novel advanced C_f/C-SiC-ZrC composite. The composite matrix is produced by chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) plus precursor infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) process and finalized by using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of SiC coating to make the final density of the material reach 1.95 g/cm³. The organic precursors of SiC and ZrC have a weight ratio of 4:1 in a xylene solute. The composite mechanical properties, such as tensile, compression, bending, shear, and Z-direction load bearing, are introduced under analysis to find possible applications for the composite. What is more, scanning electron microscope (SEM) images are employed to illustrate the failure behavior of the ceramic composite. The results showed that the punctured filament tows will be beneficial, not only for the composite to withstand compression force up to 308.6 MPa and shear strength to 18.14 MPa but also for the alternatively stacked weave piles and short fiber layers to support the punctured bundles, as well as to hold the composite structure under mechanical forces from different orientations, which is believed to reinforce the ceramic matrix for some high pressure and severe ablation applications.     

埋地石油管道阴极防腐措施与风险预警研究

根据埋地管道阴极保护现状,总结了阴极保护原理、分类.阴极保护主要是基于电化学腐蚀原理,采用外加电流及牺牲阳极两种保护方式.分析了目前准则存在的不足,阴极保护准则没有对管道允许受到的直流干扰程度做出明确的规定且-850 mV(CSE)准则不适用交流干扰情况,另外GB/T 21448—2008准则的适用温度不能超过40℃.分析了基于数值模拟研究埋地管道阴极保护的方法,阴极保护数值模拟基于理论建立阴极保护数学模型,设置边界条件对模型加以求解即可得到管道沿线的电位分布情况.结合管道风险预警理论对埋地管道的风险预警进行了研究.对埋地管道腐蚀风险预警流程进行设计,其应遵循风险识别、风险分析及风险等级划分的流程,时刻监视防腐措施的运行效果.     

含铀多孔板的水气结合清洗实验研究

多孔板内滞留大量含铀溶液,需要清洗,清洗后多孔板可达到清洁解控水平.采用吹扫和浸泡的水气结合方式可提高清洗效率,减少废液产生量.研究了气体吹扫对多孔板内溶液滞留的影响,考察了吹扫压力、吹扫距离、吹扫次数、风嘴类型等对吹扫效果的影响,确定了满足滞留率要求的吹扫参数和清洗次数.结果表明:滞留量随吹扫距离的降低和吹扫压力的增大而减少,多孔板的吹扫滞留量可低至7.2 mg·g-1多孔板,采用多孔板等体积纯水浸泡,再经1次吹扫,滞留率可满足低于0.3％的清洗指标.     

介质黏度对离心泵性能的影响

为了获得介质黏度对离心泵性能的影响规律,采用CFD方法对输送3种不同黏度介质的同一台离心泵进行了数值模拟.外特性结果分析表明,清水介质下扬程及效率实验和模拟结果之间的偏差随流量的增大而减小;不同黏度介质下离心泵的外特性曲线的趋势基本一致,即随着介质黏度的增大,效率下降,扬程减小,功率增大;不同黏度下功率换算系数Kp>1,流量换算系数Kq<1,扬程换算系数Kh<1,效率换算系数Kη<1.泵内部静压分析表明,随着介质黏度增大,泵进出口压差减小,泵内流动损失增大.     

正交实验法优选小蓟中总黄酮的提取工艺

优选小蓟中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺.以总黄酮提取率作为考察的指标,运用超声法提取小蓟中的总黄酮,将乙醇体积分数(A)、超声提取时间(B)和料液比(C)3个因素作为单因素实验对象,在单因素实验的基础上设计正交实验,从而确定最佳工艺为乙醇体积分数80％,超声提取时间45 min,料液比1:20(g·mL-1)时提取率最高.该方法操作简便、准确、提取率高,并且此实验结果为小蓟的进一步研究奠定了基础.     

掺杂铁的二氧化铅电极的制备及性能研究

主要研究了不锈钢/PbO₂电极和掺杂的不锈钢/Fe-PbO₂电极的制备,用其对有机废水的处理效果及影响因素来评价该电极的性能。实验结果表明:采用恒流阳极电沉积技术制备的PbO₂电极,掺杂和不掺杂铁的电极主要成分都是β-PbO₂;两电极外观都没有明显的裂纹等缺陷,掺杂铁的二氧化铅镀层颗粒大小镶嵌,很好地清除了内应力,保证了基材与镀层不易脱落,未掺杂铁的二氧化铅镀层颗粒细小、均匀,内应力有些大;将Fe（NO₃）₂添加至电沉积溶液中,致使PbO₂电沉积层的析氧电位向正方向移动,改善了PbO₂电极的电催化活性,以至于更有利于氧化降解有机物。用改性的Fe-PbO₂电极和常规的PbO₂电极分别降解初始浓度相同的邻苯二酚和苯酚有机物废水,改性的Fe-PbO₂电极对苯酚和邻苯二酚的去除率均高于常规的PbO₂电极。掺杂铁的二氧化铅电极较未掺杂电极有更好的电催化活性,更高的析氧电位,更适宜于用作电催化阳极。     

纳米MOFs及其衍生物在超级电容器中的研究进展

金属有机框架（MOFs）材料因其大的比表面积、可调控的孔道结构和丰富的活性位点引起了国内外学者们的广泛关注。近年来MOFs基材料广泛应用于能量储存与转化领域,但大多数MOFs基材料的低稳定性和低导电性等缺陷限制了其实际应用。通过对MOFs基材料进行改性,如采用共轭度高的有机配体以增加MOFs材料的稳定性,或MOFs衍生物以提高其氧化还原活性位点和导电性,从而达到提高MOFs基电极材料的电化学性能。主要介绍了原始MOFs及其衍生材料如碳材料、金属氧化物、金属硫化物、金属氢氧化物和金属磷化物等在超级电容器电极材料中的最新研究进展。研究表明,多金属MOFs材料或多金属MOFs衍生物有利于提高电极材料的电化学性能,而导电MOFs材料或MOFs衍生物中的碳材料有利于提高电极材料的导电性。最后对MOFs基电极材料在电化学储能领域中的研究做出了展望,指出MOFs基材料的形貌、组分和导电性是未来研究的发展方向。