杂交技术治疗室间隔完整型肺动脉闭锁

目的 总结杂交技术经胸肺动脉瓣球囊扩张成形术治疗室间隔完整型肺动脉闭锁的即刻疗效及近、中期随访结果.方法 2005年3月至2010年3月,采用超声引导经胸肺动脉瓣球囊扩张成形术治疗室间隔完整型肺动脉膜性闭锁30例,年龄1天～48个月,平均(4.59±3.21)个月.胸骨正中切口,于右室流出道距离肺动脉瓣环下约2 cm缝荷包线,然后置入导丝.在超声引导下置入穿刺鞘管.确认穿刺针对准膜性闭锁的瓣膜后,在钢丝引导下放入球囊扩张管进行扩张,超声提示肺动脉瓣开放满意.＜3个月病婴行改良Blalock-Taussig(B-T)体肺分流术,并同期行动脉导管结扎术.＞3个月病婴行球囊扩张术后,如血氧饱和度改善明显,不常规行改良B-T分流术,并保留动脉导管开放,如血氧饱和度改善不明显,则考虑行改良B-T分流术,结扎或保留动脉导管.＞5个月病儿行球囊扩张后血氧饱和度改善不满意,且重度右心发育不良,则选择双向Glenn术.结果 30例行球囊扩张均取得成功,同期行动脉导管结扎术25例,改良B-T分流术8例,双向Glenn术2例.均未出现严重并发症.1例术后因低氧血症,术后第3天行动脉导管结扎术和改良B-T分流术;余者术后血流动力学稳定,顺利出院.术后随访1.5～62.0个月,平均(18.7±17.2)个月.血氧饱和度由术前0.73±0.08上升至0.94±0.04,心功能Ⅰ级.院外死亡5例,25例生长发育良好.结论 杂交技术经胸肺动脉瓣球囊扩张成形术是一种治疗新生儿及婴幼儿室间隔完整型肺动脉膜性闭锁的安全、有效的方法.

Abstract：

Objective In patients with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum ( PAIVS) without right ventricular-dependent coronaries, catheter techniques including the use of a sniff wire, lasers, and radiofrequency have been the most widely used initial therapy. However, percutaneous perforation and balloon valvuloplasty were associated with higher rate of procedural failure and serious complications. Methods We report our experience with a hybrid approach for pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum, combining surgery and interventional catheterization techniques. Between March 2005 and March 2010, hybrid procedure was carried out successfully in 30 newboms and infants with favorable anatomy. The age ranged from 1 day to 48 months with a mean of (4.59 ±3.21) months. The heart was exposed through median sternotomy. A pursestring suture was placed in the right ventricular outflow tract 2 cm away from the pulmonary trunk. Then a 16-gauge intravenous catheter was punctured through the right ventrical and perforated the atretic PV with the guidance of echocardiography. A guide wire was then inserted into the sheath and used to guide the balloon across the PV. Sequential dilations were performed until a full opening of the PV with the guidance of epicardial echocardiography. In patients ＜ 3 months PDA ligation was performed followed by modified Blalock-Taussig (B-T) shunt. In patients ＞ 3 months PDA ligation was not performed. A modified B-T shunt was inserted if severe systemic oxygen desaturation occurred after PDA ligation. Bidirectional Glenn shunt was performed for severe hypoplasia. Hybrid procedure was achieved in all patients. The simultaneous procedures included 25 cases of PDA ligation. 6 newborns underwent modified B-T shunt placement (3.5 to 5 mm) after pulmonary valvuloplasty and PDA ligation, and 2 patients ＞ 1 month underwent modified B-T shunt. Another 2 patients were selected for univentricular palliative surgery because of a diminutive monopartite right ventricle and bidirectional Glenn procedure was performed. No pericardial effusion or cardiac tamponade was observed in all patients. Another case without PDA ligation underwent a modified B-T shunt because of hypoxemia three days after hybrid procedure, and the rest patients were discharged without any further surgical intervention.During the follow-up period of 1.5 to 62.0 months, 5 patients died. 25 (83.3%) survived and were all in New York Heart Association functional class 1. Peripheral oxygen saturation increased from 0.73 ± 0.08 to 0.94 ± 0.04 (P ＜ 0.05). One patient remains in a single-ventricle pathway, whereas 24 patients achieved a two-ventricle circulation. Results Conclusion Perventricular balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty using a hybrid approach is a safe and feasible procedure for patients with PAIVS.     

心脏外科手术后体外膜肺治疗50例

目的 总结50例成人心脏外科术后体外膜肺治疗的临床经验,并尝试确定院内死亡的预测因子.方法 2004年至2008年,50例心脏外科术后病人接受体外膜肺治疗.记录病人基本资料,体外膜肺建立时的临床特征,并发症及院内死亡比例,以逻辑回归计算院内死亡的预测因子.结果 38例病人脱机,33例出院,生存比例66%.经逻辑回归计算,体外膜肺建立前的乳酸水平为院内死亡的预测因子.结论 体外膜肺可治疗心脏手术后顽固性心源性休克及呼吸功能异常.

Abstract：

Objective Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is a cardiopulmonary supportive therapy. Since 2004, our institution has adopted venoarterial ECMO for adult patients who otherwise could not be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass and patients experiencing postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock and/or pulmonary dysfunction unresponsive to conventional treatment algorithms. In this study, we reviewed our experience with ECMO support and tried to identify measurable values which might predict in-hospital mortality. Methods From January 2004 through December 2008, 50 of 21,298 adult patients received VA ECMO. We retrospectively analyzed clinical records of these 50 consecutive patients. Demographics, preoperative measurements, clinical characteristics at the time of ECMO implantation, ECMO related complications and in-hospital mortality were collected. Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate predictors of mortality. A p value ≤0. 05 was accepted as significant. Results Mean ECMO duration was ( 110 ± 17 ) hours. 38 patients were weaned from ECMO and 33 patients survived upon discharge. The overall survival was 66%. In univariate analyses, duration of ECMO support, receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation prior to ECMO setup, ECMO setup in ICU, pre-ECMO plasma lactate level, infection, lower limbs ischemia, renal failure, experiencing at least one ECMO related complications were all associated with in-hospital death. In a multiple logistic regression adjusted for other factors mentioned above, blood lactate level before initiation of ECMO was a risk factor associated with in-hospital mortality (OR 1. 27 95% CI 1. 042-1. 542 ). To evaluate the utility of pre-ECMO lactate in predicting mortality, a conventional receiver operating characteristic curve was produced. Sensitivity and specificity were optimal at a cut-off point of 12.6 mmol/L, with an AUC of 0. 752. The positive and negative predictive values were 73.3% and 83.9% respectively. Conclusion ECMO is a justifiable alternative treatment for postoperative refractory cardiac and pulmonary dysfunction which could rescue more than 60 percent of otherwise fatal patients. Patients with pre-ECMO lactate above 12.6mmol/L are at higher risks for in-hospital death. Evidence based therapy for this group of high risk patients is needed.     

静脉移植骨髓间充质干细胞治疗心肌梗塞的可行性研究

目的：探讨经静脉注射骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）对心肌梗塞大鼠模型心功能的影响及其在体内的分布情况。方法：在心肌梗塞后1周将标记的MSCs注射到大鼠舌下静脉内,在细胞移植后不同时间点取心、肝、脾、肺、肾脏器,进行组织学检查,观察移植细胞的分布。选取心肌梗塞模型大鼠通过心脏超声评价移植后3周、6周心功能改变情况。结果：静脉注射MSCs后其组织结构未发现明显异常改变,早期主要分布在正常心肌组织内,1周后主要分布在梗塞及交界区内,正常心肌组织内很少见细胞存留。超声检查发现在细胞移植后实验组（12只）左心室没有进一步扩大．左心功能明显好于对照组（12只）：[左心室收缩末期内径（0．92±0．16）：（1．078±0．15）cm;左心室舒张末期内径（0．66±0．13）：（0．79±0．11）cm;左心室短轴缩短率（28．4±4．2）：（24．3±3．1）％;左室射血分数（52．7±4）：（42．89±4．2）％,P均〈0．05]。结论：静脉注射移植MSCs后细胞可以分布到重要组织器官内,移植细胞有向梗塞心肌组织内迁移的趋势,能明显延缓左心室重构及其所导致的心功能恶化。     

右冠状动脉起源于肺动脉的诊断和外科治疗

目的:探讨右冠状动脉起源于肺动脉患者的临床特点,外科治疗方法及其近远期效果.方法:回顾分析我院2002-07至2006-07外科治疗的右冠状动脉起源于肺动脉的6例患者,其中男4例,女2例.年龄3个月～41岁.单纯右冠状动脉起源于肺动脉1例;合并法乐四联症1例;合并动脉导管未闭1例;合并主肺动脉窗,室间隔缺损1例;合并房问隔缺损2例.手术方法包括冠状动脉重建术,肺动脉内隧道术.结果:1例低体重患儿术后14天因肺部感染自动出院.其余5例均痊愈出院,无并发症.术后随访18～66个月,心电图无心肌缺血征象,心功能NYHA 1级.2例肺动脉内隧道术者,肺动脉内血流通畅.结论:右冠状动脉起源于肺动脉者,可根据其起始部位的不同,分别采用冠状动脉重建术,肺动脉内隧道术.二者均可获得满意的近远期效果.     

2315例冠状动脉旁路移植术的临床及基础研究和推广

1996年至2000年,我院冠状动脉旁路移植手术(CABG)量呈递增趋势,共行CABG2315例,疗效达到国际先进水平。     

一种新型抗钙化处理的人工生物瓣膜流体力学性能

目的 评价一种新型生物瓣膜的体外流体力学性能,并与传统生物瓣膜及机械瓣膜进行比较.方法 将测试瓣膜分成三组:新型生物瓣组(GA SOB处理牛心包瓣),传统生物瓣组(单纯GA处理牛心包瓣),机械瓣组(双叶瓣),每组分别选21号、25号、29号三种型号,采用清华大学TH-1200脉动流测试仪,按照ISO5840瓣膜检测标准进行流体性能检测,包括跨瓣压差、返流量、返流百分比及有效开口面积,并进行组间的分析、比较.结果 新型生物瓣膜的前向流跨瓣压差较传统生物瓣小17%～30%,较机械瓣小23%～50%;新型生物瓣的有效开口面积较传统生物瓣和机械瓣分别大13%～37%和36%～50%;新型生物瓣的返流量较传统生物瓣大1.2～2.0 mL,约3%～6%;较机械瓣小0.9～2.8mL,约1.3%～5%.结论 新型人工生物瓣膜具有良好的血流动力学性能.     

左心室辅助装置抗栓治疗研究进展

左心室辅助装置(LVAD)已成为目前终末期心力衰竭患者的重要治疗策略,但LVAD植入可引起凝血-纤溶系统的异常激活,由此导致严重的出血和血栓事件成为治疗过程中最常见的并发症:因出血需要外科手术治疗的成人患者高达30%,而在儿童患者中高达50%,同时由于血栓和栓塞导致的脑卒中等不良事件也严重影响了LVAD植入患者的远期预后。为了预防凝血相关并发症,植入LVAD的儿童患者更倾向于使用埃德蒙顿方案;在成人患者中普遍应用华法林作为基础抗凝策略,但是目前各中心的抗凝强度差异较大,对是否同期接受抗血小板治疗也并未达成一致观点。本文对LVAD抗栓治疗的研究现状进行综述。     

卡尼复合征心脏黏液瘤的临床特征及外科治疗结果

目的  比较卡尼复合征（Carney complex）心脏黏液瘤与散发心脏黏液瘤的临床特征及外科治疗结果,为Carney complex心脏黏液瘤提供诊疗经验。 方法 回顾性分析阜外医院2009年1月至2013年12月共372例接受心脏黏液瘤切除手术患者的临床资料,其中7例确诊为Carney complex心脏黏液瘤。7例中男2例,女5例;年龄7～50岁,平均（2857±1326）岁;均接受外科手术切除。术后随访54～94个月,平均（7686±1549）个月。比较Carney complex心脏黏液瘤和散发心脏黏液瘤在年龄、性别、术前动脉栓塞率、心脏黏液瘤多发性和心脏黏液瘤切除术后的复发率。 结果 手术切除Carney complex心脏黏液瘤在总体心脏黏液瘤中的发病率为188％,最常见的发生部位是左房。所有7例Carney complex心脏黏液瘤术后没有早期死亡,随访期间无死亡。Carney complex心脏黏液瘤与散发性心脏黏液瘤在年龄、术前动脉栓塞率、心脏黏液瘤多发率及心脏黏液瘤术后复发率的差异均有统计学意义（P＜005）,而在性别上差异无统计学意义（P＞005）。 结论  Carney complex心脏黏液瘤可取得良好的外科疗效。与散发心脏黏液瘤相比,Carney complex心脏黏液瘤发病年龄更早,术前动脉栓塞率更高,常见多发肿瘤,术后复发率更高。对于Carney complex心脏黏液瘤,外科手术应更积极,术后应更密切随访。     

不同方法处理的牛心包生物相容性和钙化结果分析

目的 观察脱细胞处理对牛心包体内生物相容性及钙化的影响并与戊二醛处理的牛心包进行比较；材料和方法对新鲜牛心包随机分为三组，A、戊二醛处理组：新鲜牛心包采用0．5％的戊二醛进行处理；B、新鲜牛心包组：新鲜牛心包保存于四联抗生素液中；C、脱细胞组：新鲜牛心包酶．去污剂联合脱细胞后保存于四联抗生素液中。上述处理后的牛心包经细菌培养，显示无细菌生长后，植入雄性昆明小鼠皮下三周观察炎性浸润及钙化情况。采用von Kossa钙染色检查进行定性分析；原子吸收光谱检查进行钙含量定量分析。同时体外对三组牛心包进行力学和热皱缩温度进行测试。结果 三组间炎性浸润程度明显不同，0．5％的戊二醛处理组钙化程度明显增高，每克干重牛心包平均含钙量71．2mg，较其他两组有明显差异（P〈0．001），新鲜牛心包组（平均2．12mg／g干重）和脱细胞组（1．41mg／g干重）间钙化程度方面亦有显著统计学意义（P〈0．001）。组织学钙染色光镜下检查显示三组间黑色颗粒有明显差异，支持三组间钙含量定量结果的差异。戊二醛处理组的力学性能与优于新鲜组和脱细胞处理组，热皱缩温度高于新鲜组和脱细胞处理组。结论 新鲜牛心包脱细胞处理后钙化显著降低，免疫源性降低，有很好的生物相容性。