第15届国际腐蚀会议闭幕我国成功申报第16届国际腐蚀会议

题为“腐蚀科学技术新领域”(ＦｒｏｎｔｉｅｒｓｏｆＣｏｒｒｏｓｉｏｎＳｃｉｅｎｃｅａｎｄＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ)的第 15届国际腐蚀会议(15 ＴＨＩＮＴＥＲＮＡＴＩＯＮＡＬＣＯＲＲＯＳＩＯＮＣＯＮＧＲＥＳＳ)于 2 0 0 2年 9月 2 2日至 2 7日在西班牙ＧＲＡＮＡＤＡ召开。参加会议的人数 70 0多名 ,发表论文 5 0 0多篇 ,包括了腐蚀科学及防护技术各领域的研究成果。内容丰富多采 ,学术气氛十分活跃。本次大会共分 2 7个专题 ,即 :①腐蚀科学基础 ;②大气腐蚀 ;③海洋腐蚀与污损 ;④微生物腐蚀及其预防 ;⑤混凝土腐蚀及其预防 ;⑥土壤…     

不锈钢冷加工形变诱发马氏体相变及其腐蚀行为

在实验室和现场对经过不同温度，不同方式，不同程度冷加工的奥氏体304不锈钢进行马氏体相变量的检测，研究了冷加工与马氏体相变的关系。通过浸泡试验和金相显微镜研究了304不锈钢在腐蚀过程中马氏体含量的变化。结果表明，冷加工能产生不同程度的马氏体相变；在腐蚀过程中，马氏体相存在优先溶解。     

MoO2-4抑制AISI304不锈钢局部腐蚀的机理

采用X射线光电子能谱（XPS）研究了AISI34不锈钢在含（MoO^2-4 Cl^-1）的模拟闭塞电池中形成钝化膜的组成与结构及MoO^2-4、CrO3、CrCl3、CrOOH、Fe2O3、γ-FeOOH、Fe(OH)3、CrO^2-4、Cr(OH）3、NiCl2、FeCl2和FeCl3；溅射5min时膜内层主要有MoCl3、CrO2、FeCl2、FeCl3以及少量的FeO，MoO^2-4对钝化膜的影响在于；MoO^2-4迁入闭塞区后吸附在金属表面上，可取代或部分取代吸附在钢表面的Cl^-，并与Fe^2 在蚀孔内反应生成不容性的FeMoO4而沉积到蚀孔壁上，有助于蚀孔的再钝化，从而抑制腐蚀的进一步扩展；MoO^2-4的吸附能使水合氧化亚铁沉淀膜由阴离子选择性变为阳离子选择性，使H^ 可以从膜下扩散出去，而Cl^-1难以扩散到膜下富集，从而使MoO^2-4具有缓蚀作用。     

应变和氯离子浓度对304不锈钢点蚀敏感性的影响

The effects of strain and chloride concentration on pitting susceptibility for type 304 stainless steel were studied in situ using the electrochemical technology under constant strain. The impact factor fc was brought forward to value the effect of strain on pitting. The pitting behaviors of type 304 stainless steel in various chloride concentrations under the strain levels 0%, 10%, and 30% were investigated. Potentiostatic polarization technology was used to study how the chloride concentration affected corrosion current density. The results indicated that fc increased substantially and pitting potential varied remarkably when chloride concentration was over 90 mg.L . Under the three levels of strain mentioned above, when chloride concentration was below 463 mg.L^-1,121 mg.L^-1, and 98 mg.L^-1 respectively, the pitting potential shifted towards positivity and, the passive film became more stable. When the strain was below 10%, the pitting susceptibility of type 304 stainless steel varied greatly as strain increased, whereas the susceptibility only changed a little when the strain was over 10%.     

低硬度循环冷却水中Cl^-、SO4^2-及水处理剂对304不锈钢腐蚀行为的影响

采用极化曲线、电化学噪声、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和能量色散谱(EDS)等方法研究Cl-、SO42-及水处理剂RP-98H对304不锈钢在低硬度循环冷却水中腐蚀行为的影响.探讨了RP-98H对304不锈钢在低硬度循环冷却水中的缓蚀机理.结果表明,Cl-增强了304不锈钢的点蚀敏感性,SO42-能够减缓Cl-的侵蚀,而RP-98H能够在304不锈钢表面迅速成膜,提高其点蚀电位.该水处理剂为混合型水处理剂,其缓蚀率可达84.8%,最佳使用浓度为100 mg/L.     

氯离子在含硫氮污染物的环境中对模拟铁器文物的大气腐蚀的影响

The effect of chloride on the atmospheric corrosion of cast iron in sulphur or nitrogen-bearing pollutant was investigated by using periodic wet-dry test, electrochemical experiment and surface tension test. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive atomic （EDAX） and stereoscopic microscopy was used to identify the corrosion processes and products. Cl^- and NO3^- were shown accelerating effects during the whole corrosion process but depression effects were observed in Cl^- and HSO3^- bearing pollutant at the initial corrosion stage. However, with the corrosion going on, the depression effects was less obviously and the initial corrosion process was investigated from the viewpoint of surface activity. At the initial corrosion stage, the corrosion rate was proportional to the adsorptivity of anions, but as corrosion went on, the penetration effect of anions and different characteristics of the corrosion products began to dominate the corrosion process, which led to changes on the corrosion rate.     

用纳米材料改性的石质文物防护剂的耐老化性及重涂性研究

添加纳米TiO2颗粒对一种有机硅氧烷类渗透固结型石质文物防护剂进行改性,并通过人工加速老化实验、激光拉曼光谱等测试了改性后防护剂的性能。研究结果表明,改性后的纳米复合防护剂的耐老化性能以及重涂性能都有很明显的提高。     

1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢形变诱发马氏体相变规律及其对孔蚀敏感性的影响

通过低温（－７０℃）拉伸制备不同马氏体相交量的１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ试样,用ＸＲＤ、ＴＥＭ及金相观察研究形变诱发马氏体相变的规律。用电化学方法研究。α’马氏体（铁磁相）含量对１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ钢在含Ｃｌ－溶液中孔蚀敏感性的影响。结果表明：随试样变形量加大,形变诱发马氏体中铁磁性的α’马氏体含量不断增大,而ε马氏体相的量始终较小。材料的孔蚀敏感性先随铁磁相含量的增大而增大;当铁磁相含量达到４．５８％以后,孔蚀敏感性反而渐降;当铁磁相含量超过２５．５％后,孔蚀敏感性又增加。     

环保型石质文物防风化剂的研制

以氟碳乳液为基料,采用分散剂Na5P3O10和偶联剂改性的纳米SiO2、TiO2及相应助剂,制成一种环保型石质文物防风化剂。防风化剂成膜性好,具有较强的紫外光屏蔽作用和防水耐蚀性能,并能对石质风化层起固结作用,无色透明、无毒,能保持石质文物原貌,是一种综合性能优良、环保型的石质文物防风化剂。