欧盟RoHS指令对江苏企业的影响分析及应对措施

欧盟RoHS指令公布以来,江苏电子电气产品生产企业的出口贸易受到很大的影响。在调查研究的基础上分析了RoHS指令对江苏相关企业出口产品贸易的影响,提出了政府与企业应对RoHS指令需采取的措施建议。江苏省无机材料专业测试服务中心作为政府组建的科技服务平台可以为江苏企业与政府提供有力的技术支持,并通过不断的自我更新,保持与国际技术同步发展,为应对未来国际贸易中不断出现的新技术壁垒提供有效的技术支持。     

改性矿物微粉增强硅橡胶性能的研究

硅橡胶作为特种橡胶体系的一个重要成员,以其耐高温、耐寒、耐候及电气特性等优良品质得到国防、航天航空、电子、医疗卫生等行业的青睐［１］。然而,目前工业上主要采用价格昂贵的气相白炭黑作硅橡胶的增强剂,使硅橡胶制品成本偏高,限制了硅橡胶的普及应用,阻碍了硅...     

《天然条件下的地下水水质》

欧洲水框架指令（European Water Framework Directive）为欧洲水环境保护提出了基本法律。在2006年发布的地下水指令（GD）是水框架指令的补充，以便更好地解决地下水水质的具体问题和保证地下水水质处于良好状况。但同时还是有很多从事城市管理和公共政策制定的人对地下水的重要性理解得还不够深刻。     

对里特曼岩石化学换算法的一些改进和补充

本文根据国内、外详细研究过的部分岩石,通过判别、回归分析,编制了选择计算相的S指令程序和蚀变风化岩恢复原岩成分的调整程序,以克服里特曼法对岩石含水情况估计的人为性等缺点。同时,编制了标准矿物子程序、校正程序及向量投影制图程序,使里特曼法能在微型计算机上实施,并实现成果绘图自动化,为该法的推广普及创造了条件。     

智能建筑的雷电防护的设计和审查

智能建筑集成了信息化、自动化、智能化、集约化等特点,需要大量电气、电子、网络设备来支撑这个系统。针对智能建筑特点,对其防雷提出了一套设计方案,并将智能建筑防雷设计审查要点进行了汇总。     

广西贺州岩溶盆地地下水系统中铊元素分布特征

<正>铊(Tl)是典型的稀有分散元素,其天然丰度为8×10-7,克拉克值为0.48,是国际上确定的最毒元素之一[1]。其被广泛的应用于电子、合金、玻璃、医药、化工等行业[2]。铊广泛分布于自然界各种水体,但由于含量普遍较低[3],且具稀有分散特性,在很多国家和地区并未列入生活饮用水标准的检测项目。如世界卫生组织《饮用水水质准则》、《欧盟饮用水水质指令(98/83/EC)》、《日本水质标准》和我国《生活饮用     

信息产业电子第十一设计研究院有限公司(EDRI)

信息产业电子第十一设计研究院有限公司(EDRI)是国内著名的高科技工程设计院,也是我国最大的集成电路工程设计院。EDRI以工程设计、咨询、监理、总承包为主业,兼营净化空调系列产品开发、生产、安装和服务的综合性甲级设计院,拥有国家颁发的电子通信广电行业电子工程类、建筑行业建筑工程、化工石化医药行业(生化、生物工程、药物制剂)、市政公用行业(环境卫生)、军工行业(光学、光电、电子工程)甲级设计证书和工程造价咨询、工程监理、环境影响评价甲级证书。EDRI先后承担了设计、咨询、监理、总承包工程近1900多项,对大规模集成电路…     

乌阿公路项目“指令+服务”式管理探索

乌阿高速公路项目规模大,战线长,自然环境恶劣,需要大量劳动力。在项目管理过程中,只有认真分析当前劳动力市场现状,严格甄选队伍,转变传统管理模式为"指令+服务"式管理,以人为本,注重服务,廉洁自律,才能为项目最终实现社会和经济效益双丰收奠定坚实的基础,达到项目管理的预期目标。     

深化企业体制改革 加速管理模式创新——2011全国勘察设计行业管理创新大会企业体制改革与模式创新交流分会场综述

11月26日,2011全国勘察设计行业管理创新大会企业体制改革与模式创新交流分会场在深圳举办。会议由中国机械工业勘察设计协会理事长孟祥恩主持。来自冶金、机械、电子等行业10个单位的代表作了主题演讲。     

中小型水利施工企业在国内招投标市场中面临问题及应对措施分析

通过对个别省份招投标市场进行调研总结,归纳了我国招投标市场的基本发展现状及运行模式。在此基础上,对中小型水利施工企业在当前招投标市场中存在的行业局限性较大、整体经营产值较小和人员结构单一等问题进行详细分析,并结合面临的未来电子招投标市场发展的大趋势,提出中小型水利施工企业的具体应对措施,以保证企业在变化多端的市场大环境下健康可持续发展。     

中国主要铂族金属供需预测及对策建议

铂族金属作为重要的战略性矿产,广泛应用于汽车尾气催化剂、首饰、化工催化剂、电气电子等多个领域。分析了中国铂族金属的供需现状,并运用部门消费法对中国2030年之前的铂、钯和铑3种主要金属的需求总量进行长尺度的预测,同时定量分析了未来中国铂族矿山的供应能力,认为随着国民收入的增加,对首饰及汽车的需求仍会增长,再加上汽车尾气排放标准的严格,2030年之前中国主要铂族金属的需求仍会增长,但受铂族资源禀赋限制,供应依旧乏力。针对这些问题,提出了相关对策建议。     

区域气候模式在中国西北地区气温和降水长时间序列模拟的误差分析

气温和降水微小的变化都可能引起中国西北地区脆弱生态环境空间格局剧烈变化.由于西北地区气象站点分布稀疏,站点观测结果难于完全代表西北地区复杂地貌的气象要素空间分布格局.区域气候模式模拟可以弥补现有观测资料的不足,但模式模拟存在的误差,往往制约着西北区域气候变化评估工作.本文在CN05格点数据和站点数据基础上,从空间格局、极值模拟等方面对高分辨率WRF模式数据气温和降水模拟精度进行评估,假定偏差恒定基础上,使用分类回归树模型建立偏差预测模型.结果表明:CN05数据和WRF模式多年年平均气温和多年平均年降水数据空间格局基本一致,但WRF模式结果空间格局更加细致.WRF模式结果在山区和湖泊地区降水偏高估,气温和降水距平在新疆地区相对于其他地区变化较为一致;95%分位数的降水在甘肃和新疆地区模拟结果好于宁夏、青海和陕西;5%和95%分位数气温,WRF模式大部分站点表现为暖偏差,而CN05数据表现为冷偏差;不同的地貌单元区域气温和降水的偏差时间序列存在一定的相关性.在西北五省区气温和降水的分类树模型中,由于高程和地形复杂度对偏差预测模型影响较大,无法在整个西北地区建立统一的误差预测模型.     

An evaluation of aquifer vulnerability in two nitrate sensitive areas of Catalonia (NE Spain) based on electrical resistivity methods

The protection of groundwater has become one of the most important European environmental policies as evidenced by the Orders relating to the protection of water from contamination, Directive 2000/60/CE of the European Parliament and the European Union Council, and more concretely Directive 2006/118/118/CE, related to the protection of groundwater from pollution and degradation. Traditional methods for assessing vulnerability include soil surveys, drilling and analysis of lithology logs from wells with the objective of characterising the thickness, hydraulic properties and lateral extend of the protective layers. However, such studies can be labour-intensive and expensive. In addition, the parameters measured may have high spatial variability, which makes accurate characterization over large areas difficult. Fortunately, a numerical index of protection can be assigned from the longitudinal electrical conductance parameter derived from electrical resistivity surveys (VES, ERT or any other electrical or EM method). This can be more accurate and reliable than any other vulnerability index derived only from visual inspection or interpolated from sparse borehole data.     

Application of geo-environmental capacity of ground buildings in urban planning

The restrictions of the geo-environment are often ignored in urban planning, thereby directly causing a variety of geological hazards, including large areas of land subsidence in soft soil area. Based on the control objective of land subsidence, the geo-environmental capacity of ground buildings (GECGB) is defined. The relationship between floor area ratio (FAR) and land subsidence in Shanghai, China is analyzed. The results illustrate that land subsidence increases as FAR increases, and that the engineering environmental effect of the high-rise building group is the main factor affecting land subsidence in Shanghai, China. Hayashi’s Quantification Theory type I is selected to evaluate the GECGB of four typical areas in Shanghai. The prediction model is established based on existing background materials and the GECGB expressed by allowable FAR of the four typical areas are calculated. The evaluation approach promoted in this paper can be applied in urban planning to control the land subsidence induced by dense high-rise buildings.     

Climate variability in central China over the last 1270 years revealed by high-resolution stalagmite records

Oxygen and carbon isotopic variations in the upper section of a stalagmite (SF-1) from Buddha Cave (33°40′N 109°05′E) dated by ²³⁰Th/²³⁴U ²¹⁰Pb and lamination counting to a time resolution as fine as 1–3 years have recorded climate changes in central China for the last 1270 years. The changes include those corresponding to the Medieval Warm Period Little Ice Age and 20th-century warming lending support to the global extent of these events. The isotopic records also show cycles of 33, 22, 11, 9.6, and 7.2 years. The 33-year cycle could well represent the ∼35-year periodicity of climate fluctuations previously recognized in China and Europe. Cycles of 22, 11, and 9.6 years have often been associated with the Sunspot or lunar-orbit variations. The 7.2-year cycle was recently identified also in tree-ring records from an area close to Buddha Cave. These cycles suggest that external forcing (e.g. solar irradiance) may affect the summer monsoon over eastern China. The general consistency between the climate characteristics inferred from the stable isotope records of SF-1 and those from other proxy records underscores the value of stalagmites as recorders of paleoclimate.     

陈国达的科学哲学思想与理论自主创新

对我国著名地质学家陈国达院士的科学哲学思想作了探讨,其主要内容有:历史动力法是复杂性哲学思想与地质科学思想相结合的产物;递进思想是辩证否定观在大地构造理论发展中的胜利;地洼学说的理论结构与发展纲领是与拉卡托斯科学哲学思想不谋而合的。研究陈国达科学哲学思想对指导科学研究无疑具有重大的理论意义和现实意义。     

优选延拓技术及其在中国布格重力异常图处理上的应用

从维纳滤波原理出发 ,应用多层格林等效层模型精确模拟实测重磁场的径向对数功率谱 ,实现了重磁场在频率域的优选延拓。通过理论模型实验 ,证实了优选延拓算子具有向上延拓时不过分衰减低频信号、向下延拓时不过分突出或压制高频信号的选择性功能。根据优选向上延拓可以保证低频成分不衰减的性质 ,能够较为精确地提取区域异常 ,进而分离出局部异常。利用优选向下延拓可以对指定波段放大 ,而对其他波段保持全通的特征可以实现对某一深度或尺度的局部异常有选择地增强。运用优选延拓技术对中国大陆布格重力异常进行了增强与分离处理 ,获得了基于最佳滤波原理计算的中国大陆区域重力异常、剩余重力异常和带通重力异常。为研究中国大陆表层的岩石物性结构及平面分布特征提供了新的资料 ,同时也说明了优选延拓技术具有广阔的应用领域     

Shift in the paradigm for GSSP boundary definition

For over 200 years the use of biotic events as the basis for the establishment of chronostratigraphic boundaries has been the only approach successfully utilized for international and national chronostratigraphy. The traditional biostratigraphic method provides relatively high resolution, averaging 1 Ma or sometimes less. This biochronological evolutionary approach to the Global Boundary Stratotype section and Point (GSSP) utilizes biotic Primary Markers (PM), with a few exceptions, encompasses the integrated PM and other non-PM markers as the general principles for defining GSSP boundaries and is a reasonably reliable mechanism for global correlation and a relatively stable International Geologic Time Scale (IGTS). The biotic PM's, however, possessed several serious restrictions: the nature of biological taxonomy, climatic, sedimentary, environmental - and directly applicable within the tropics-subtropics only. Biotic evolution and radiogenic isotopes are the only systems in geologic time that encompass the direction of time. The latter possessed less restrictions than the former. The recent tendency to define GSSP's utilizing magnetic chrons, climatic events and geochemistry may work in the Cenozoic, but is useless in the Mesozoic and older sediments because their cyclic nature (repeatedness) and the need for a second, directional in time index (biostratigraphic or radioisotopic) to place the PM in the right position within the scale. I propose here to utilize volcanic ash beds as the best Primary Marker in geologic chronostratigraphy. The U-Pb system is one of the most dependable of the geochronologic systems because it relies on a simple and non-interpretive radioisotopic decay constant. The ash-bed GSSP as a lithological horizon is universal for the GSSP definition and can be correlated as an age in any facies (marine, lagoon and continental), regardless of paleoclimatic zones, paleoceanographic, geochemical, and most other geological factors. Even moderate level metamorphism (>900 °С) does not affect the U-Pb dating of zircons. The GSSP at the base of a volcanic ash bed (Primary Marker) could be established in a short working time and these ash beds can be integrated with the existing as well as new biostratigraphic, geochemical, magnetostratigraphic and astronomical data (Secondary Markers) to create a robust, accurate and highly useable time scale. Several potential GSSP's that could be established with the volcanic ash beds close to the traditional and/or historical boundaries serve as examples for this approach and include Devonian-Carboniferous, Moscovian-Kasimovian, Kasimovian-Gzhelian, and Sakmarian-Artinskian boundaries.     

关于黄土高原陆面过程及其观测试验研究

总结了国际上陆面过程及其试验研究的现状,分析了黄土高原陆面过程的特殊性和重要意义,探讨了黄土高原陆面过程试验研究中需要关注的一些重要科学问题。并且,对如何开展黄土高原陆面过程试验研究提出了一些初步思路。