儿茶酚胺氧甲基转移酶基因rs4680位点多态性与强迫症的关联研究

目的:探讨儿茶酚胺氧甲基转移酶(COMT)基因多态性(rs4680)与强迫症的关联性。方法:以山东汉族人群中的400例强迫症患者和459名健康对照者为研究对象,按性别、发病年龄分层,采用MassARRAY飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF)技术对COMT基因单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点rs4680进行基因分型,比较各组等位基因、基因型频率。结果:COMT rs4680位点等位基因和基因型频率在强迫症组和对照组分布差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。按性别、发病年龄分层后,各强迫症组和对照组该位点等位基因和基因型频率分布差异也无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论:COMT基因多态性(rs4680)与强迫症可能不存在关联。     

天津地区汉族人群COMT基因多态性与脑梗死相关性研究

研究背景儿茶酚胺氧位甲基转移酶(COMT)是儿茶酚胺的主要代谢酶,催化儿茶酚胺第3位羟基甲基化,降解儿茶酚胺,同时亦是雌激素的主要代谢酶。COMT基因在rs4680位点存在鸟嘌呤腺嘌呤(G-A)点突变,使其编码的第108和(或)158位氨基酸由缬氨酸(Val)变为蛋氨酸(Met),导致儿茶酚胺氧位甲基转移酶活性降低。已知COMT基因多态性与精神疾病、酒精依赖、药物不良反应等有关,而与脑梗死之间的关系尚不明确,本研究旨在探讨COMT基因多态性与脑梗死之间的关系。方法通过聚合酶链反应限制性酶切片段长度多态性方法检测181例天津地区汉族脑梗死患者COMT Val及Met基因型,以及不同基因型脑梗死患者血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇,以及载脂蛋白A和B水平。结果脑梗死组Val等位基因频率(78.45%)及Val/Val纯合子基因型(61.33%)均高于正常对照组(68.24%和45.95%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);进一步分析显示男性Val等位基因频率(82.52%)与正常对照组(66.67%)之间差异亦存在统计学意义(P<0.01),而女性患者组间差异(69.83%对69.07%)无统计学意义(P>0.05)。脑梗死组Val/Val型与Val/Met+Met/Met型比较,血糖、血脂水平及高血压患病率差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论 COMT Val等位基因频率和Val/Val纯合子基因型是男性脑梗死患者的遗传学危险因素,COMT对脑梗死的影响与血糖、血脂及血压无明显相关性。     

儿茶酚氧位甲基转移酶基因多态性与焦虑症的相关性研究

目的 探讨儿茶酚氧位甲基转移酶(COMT)Val108/158Met基因多态性与焦虑症之间的关系.方法 采用聚合酶链反应一限制性片段长度多态性方法检测了176例焦虑症患者(患者组)和200名健康体检者(对照组)COMT Val108/158Met位点基因型,分析基因型和等位基因频率在2组间的分布差异,及其与患者临床症状表型之间的关系.患者均经汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)和症状自评定量表测评.结果 (1)患者组COMT 108/158Met/Met基因型和Met等位基因频率的分布为6.25%、26.99%,对照组为2.50%、18.75%,2组比较差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);患者组女性COMT 108/158Met/Met基因型和Met等位基因频率的分布高于对照组女性,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);患者组男性COMT 108/158Met/Met基因型和Met等位基因频率的分布与对照组男性比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).(2)患者组内COMT 108/158Met/Met基因型和携带Met等位基因患者HAMA总分、焦虑和恐怖因子分值分别高于其他基因型和携带Val等位基因患者(P均<0.05).结论 携带COMT Met108/158女性可能更易患焦虑症,COMT Met108/158与临床焦虑和恐怖程度有关.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the relationship of the Val108/158Met polymorphism of Catechol-O-methyl transferase(COMT)gene and anxiety in Han population.Methods The COMT Val108/158Metpolymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCRRFLP)among 176 patients and 200 health subjects.The clinical symptom phenotypes data were obtained by assessing the HAMA and SCL-90 in anxiety patients.Results The distribution frequencies of Met/Met genotype and Met allele were 6.25%.2.50%and 26.99%.18.75%in patients and controls,respectively.Both distribution frequencies were significantly different in two groups,especially in females (P<0.05),and no significant difference was in males between two groups(P>0.05).Following analyzing the clinical symptom phenotypes,the patients with COMT 108/158Met/Met genotype or Met allelic locus had higher HAMA,SCL-90 anxiety and phobic scores than those with other genotypes or Val allelic locus (P<0.05).Conclusion The female individuals with COMT Met108/158 polymorphism may have higher susceptibility to anxiety,and be associated with clinical symptom phenotypes of anxiety.     

COMT基因多态性与迟发性运动障碍的关联研究

目的探讨中国汉族人口中儿茶酚胺氧位甲基转移酶(COMT)基因Val108/158Met多态性与迟发性运动障碍(TD)的关系。方法以124例伴TD的精神分裂症患者(TD组)、112例不伴TD的精神分裂症患者(非TD组)及112例正常健康对照者(正常对照组)为研究对象,并采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术检测COMT基因多态性。结果(1)TD组与非TD组及正常对照组比较,等位基因及基因型频率均无统计学差异。(2)非TD组与正常对照组比较,非TD组的高活性G等位基因频率(0.78)显著高于正常对照组(0.70),低活性A等位基因频率(0.22)显著低于正常对照组(0.30);非TD组低活性A/A基因型频率(0.02)显著低于正常对照组(0.07)。(3)COMT基因型与TD严重程度具有显著相关性,A/A基因型患者的TD严重程度评分显著高于G/G基因型。结论本研究未发现COMT基因与TD的发生有关联。不伴TD的精神分裂症可能与COMT基因存在相关性,高活性G等位基因可能增加了不伴TD的精神分裂症的发生风险。COMT基因型与TD严重程度可能具有相关性,低活性A/A基因型患者可能较高活性G/G基因型患者表现更严重的TD。     

精神分裂症患者茶酚氧位甲基转移酶基因多态性与利培酮疗效的关系

目的:探讨精神分裂症患者茶酚氧位甲基转移酶(COMT)基因多态性与利培酮疗效的关系。方法:95例精神分裂症患者(患者组)接受利培酮单药治疗12周,治疗前后给予阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)、瞬时记忆测评、数字划消测验、瑞文标准推理测试;对患者及95名健康对照者(对照组)进行COMT基因的rs4680、rs165599、rs6267和rs4818位点的多态性分析,比较各基因型患者利培酮治疗后各量表评分的变化。结果:两组间COMT rs4680位点各基因型和等位基因频率、rs4680-rs165599 AG型单倍体频率差异有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01);治疗前后患者PANSS阴性症状因子评分的变化值在rs4680位点各基因型间比较差异有统计学意义(t=2.383,P=0.019);瞬时记忆测评的变化值在rs165599位点的各基因型间差异有统计学意义(F=4.213,P=0.019);PANSS阴性症状因子、认知损害因子以及瞬时记忆测评的变化值在rs6267位点各基因型间差异有统计学意义(F=4.978,3.495,6.086;P均0.01);PANSS认知损害因子的变化值在rs4818位点的各基因型间差异有统计学意义(F=4.251;P=0.014)。结论:COMT rs4680-rs165599 AG型单倍体携带者可能具有精神分裂症患病风险,COMT基因多态性在一定程度上影响精神分裂症患者利培酮的疗效及认知功能。     

精神分裂症与儿茶酚邻位甲基转移酶基因多态性的关联分析

目的：探讨精神分裂症与儿茶酚邻位甲基转移酶（COMT）基因Val158Met多态性的关系。方法：采用聚合酶链反应技术检测符合诊断 标准的476例精神分裂症患者（病例组）和207例名正常对照者（对照组）的COMT基因Val158Met多态性，并进行关联分析，结果：（1）病例组与对照组基因型及等位基因分布频率的差异无显著性（P＞0．05）；（2）首次起病以阳性症状为主的患者Val158Val基因型（56．5％）高于非阳性症状为主型者（45．5％；P＝0．07）；（3）在男性患者中，不吸烟患者的Met 158Met基因型分布频率（11．9％）高于吸烟患者（4．1％；P＜0．05），OR＝3．137）；两者等基因分布的差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。结论：COMT基因多态性可能与精神分裂症某些临床特点存在关联。     

环指蛋白213基因多态性与中国汉族成人型烟雾病遗传易患性的相关性

目的 探讨环指蛋白213(RNF213)基因rs112735431和rs138130613两位点多态性与中国汉族成人型烟雾病的遗传易患性的关系.方法 从南京卒中注册系统中提取2010年12月至2011年10月经脑血管造影明确诊断的64例成年型烟雾病患者,同时选取96名性别和年龄与烟雾病患者相匹配的健康人作为对照.通过改进的多重连接酶检测反应技术分析RNF213基因rs112735431和rs138130613位点的多态性,对各位点基因型、等位基因型频率进行比较分析.结果 病例组中rs112735431位点GA+AA基因型频率为10.94％(7/64)、GG基因型频率为89.06％(57/64),等位基因A频率为6.25％ (8/128)、等位基因G频率为93.75％ (120/128)；对照组分别为1.04％(1/96)、98.96％(95/96),0.52％ (1/192)、99.48％ (191/192),两组间差异具有统计学意义(OR=11.67,95％ CI 1.40 ～97.28,P =0.007;OR=12.73,95％ CI 1.57 ～ 103.09,P=0.003).rs138130613位点的基因型和等位基因频率在两组间差异无统计学意义.结论 RNF213基因rs112735431位点的多态性可能是中国汉族成人型烟雾病患者的易患因子.     

注意缺陷多动障碍执行功能与儿茶酚胺氧位甲基转移酶基因的关联分析

目的探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)执行功能与儿茶酚胺氧位甲基转移酶(catechol-O-methyltransferase,COMT)基因rs4680多态性位点的关系。方法采用威斯康星分类测验(Wisconsin card sorting test,WCST)对114例符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第四版(mental disorders versionⅣ,DSM-Ⅳ)诊断标准的ADHD儿童与76名正常对照组进行执行功能评估,并应用限制性片段长度多态性的方法进行COMT基因rs4680多态性位点分析。结果 ADHD组的WCST总应答数、完成第一个分类所需应答数和持续性应答数均明显高于正常对照组(P0.05),而完成分类数明显低于正常对照组(P0.01)。ADHD患者中不同基因型组之间WCST概念化水平百分数差异具有统计学意义(P=0.01),A/A组高于G/A组和G/G组(P0.05),G/A组也高于G/G组但无统计学意义(P0.05)。不同基因型组间WSCT其他指标的差异均无统计学意义(P≥0.05)。ADHD组和正常对照组之间COMT基因rs4680多态性基因型及等位基因的分布差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论本研究未发现COMT基因rs4680多态性与ADHD存在关联,但rs4680多态性可能与ADHD的某些执行功能指标有关。     

儿茶酚氧位甲基转移酶基因与注意缺陷多动障碍患儿认知功能的关联研究

目的 探讨儿茶酚氧位甲基转移酶(COMT)基因Va1108/158Met(rs4680)多态性对注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)患儿认知功能的影响.方法 对203例中国汉族ADHD患儿进行韦氏记忆测查、Stroop测验及数字划消测查,评定记忆力、反应抑制能力和注意力,并检测COMT基因Va1158Met多态性.按照基因型将样本分为高活性基因型组(92例,ValVal)和中低活性基因型组(111例,ValMet和MetMet),比较两组间各项测查结果的异同.结果 高活性基因型组图片分测验[(11.7±3.1)分]和Stroop测验C部分错误数(0个)的成绩好于中低活性基因型组[分别为(10.8±2.9)分和1个;P＜0.05～0.01].两组其他方面的差异均无统计学意义.结论 COMT基因Val158Met多态性与ADHD患儿的认知功能中的记忆力、反应抑制能力和注意力相关.     

Parkin基因多态性与帕金森病遗传易患性关系的研究

目的探讨Parkin基因S/N167和V/L380位点多态性与帕金森病遗传易患性的关系。方法以100例原发性帕金森病患者(其中40例为早发帕金森病患者)和100例健康体格检查者为研究对象。提取基因组DNA,采用聚合酶链反应方法扩增Parkin基因外显子4和外显子10,然后用内切酶AlwnI和Bsp1286I进行酶切,采用限制性酶切片段长度多态性的方法分析Parkin基因两个多态位点S/N167和V/L380等位基因与基因型频率分布差异。结果早发帕金森病患者S/N167多态位点等位基因A和含A基因型频率分布明显高于对照组(χ2=6.011,5.883;均P<0.05);帕金森病组和早发帕金森病组与对照组受试者的V/L380多态性等位基因和基因型频率分布相比,组间差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.884,1.023;均P>0.05)。结论Parkin基因S/N167多态性与帕金森病遗传易患性有关。     

Alzheimer''''s病和Binswanger''''s病的临床对照研究

目的 探讨Alzheimer's和Binswanger's病的临床鉴别点。方法 对40例Binswanger's病人和20例AD病人的临床症状和CT资料进行对照分析。结果 Binswanger's病组多有卒中、高血压、头昏或晕厥史,自知力多保留,CT特点为脑室周围白质低密度区(WMLA)和多发腔隙性梗塞(LI);AD组多无上述病史,多有情感改变和精神障碍及失语和失认,多无自知力,无局灶性神经系统体征,CT主要表现为皮层萎缩,侧脑室容积大。结论 鉴别是Binswanger's病还是AD应注意两点:一是神经系体征与精神障碍是否同时发生;二是检查是否有多发性脑梗塞和WMLA。     

Dopamine transporter function differences between male and female CD-1 mice

It has been reported that male mice are more susceptible to the neurotoxic effects of methamphetamine (MA) upon the nigrostriatal dopaminergic (NSDA) system. Since MA utilizes the dopamine transporter (DAT) to exert its effects, in the present study, we tested for differences in the dynamics of DAT function between male and female mice as an approach to understand some of the bases for this sex difference in MA-induced NSDA neurotoxicity. To accomplish this goal, in Experiment 1, the amount of dopamine (DA) obtained following DA infusion into the superfused striatal tissue fragments of male and female mice was measured while in Experiment 2 responses to the DA uptake blocker, nomifensine (NMF), were assessed in these preparations. The differences obtained to these treatments demonstrate that marked differences in DA transporter activity exist between male and female mice. When combining the DA and DOPAC measures from these two experiments, the data suggest that the female mice show a more active and efficient recovery and vesicular packaging of extracellular DA. These findings have important implications for sex differences in NSDA functions and responses to neurotoxins which enter the neurons via the DAT.     

帕金森病与阿尔茨海默病

普遍认为帕金森病和阿尔茨海默病是两个独立的、有着显著判别的疾病。但是,相当数量为证据表明,二者具有相互重叠的临床和神经病理特征、相似的病因和病变发生机制。因此,现在有人认为这两种疾病的部分病例可能是同一种神经元退行性变疾病的不同表现形式。本文拟对此作一介绍。     

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with plaques and paired helical filaments

A 32-year-old man with rapidly progressive dementia, pyramidal signs, myoclonic jerks and dystonic movements died following brain biopsy. neuropathological examination revealed minimal neuronal loss accompanied by mild spongiform change and astrocytic reaction. Numerous plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of paired helical filaments dominated the ultrastructural picture. This patient had features of both Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and Alzheimer's disease, providing additional support for the existence of an overlap between these disorders.     

Prevalence of radiological and clinical cerebrovascular disease in idiopathic Parkinson's disease

Comorbid cerebrovascular disease (CVD) can occur in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) but its reported prevalence varies considerably. CVD may alter the clinical presentation, course and prognosis in IPD. We aimed to determine the prevalence of radiological and clinical CVD in a neurology clinic IPD population. We undertook a retrospective case-control study of neurology clinic patients with IPD for whom cerebral imaging was available, and excluding probable vascular parkinsonism. IPD diagnosis was validated against UK PDS brain bank criteria. Age and sex-matched controls were identified from patients attending neurology clinics with headache. The presence of radiological cerebrovascular disease, symptomatic CVD (stroke and TIA), and CVD risk factors was recorded for cases and controls. Radiological findings were validated by an experienced consultant neuroradiologist using a structured proforma. Eighty-five cases and 85 controls were studied, based on the number of cases for whom brain imaging existed (CT in 50, MRI in 35) and the number of cases for whom suitable controls could be identified. Indications for brain imaging amongst cases were varied. Cases and controls comprised 55(65%) males, mean (±SD) age (years) 67.4 ± 10.1 (cases), 66.6 ± 9.9 (controls). Radiological CVD was significantly commoner amongst cases (39%) than controls (22%) (p = 0.02, chi-square; odds ratio 2.2, 95% CI: 1.1-4.6). Cases also had significantly more symptomatic CVD, but not CVD risk factors, than controls. Our findings suggest a higher prevalence of radiological and clinical CVD in patients with IPD compared to controls.     

Juvenile-Onset Huntington Disease Pathophysiology and Neurodevelopment: A Review

Huntington disease is an autosomal dominant inherited brain disorder that typically becomes manifest in adulthood. Juvenile-onset Huntington disease refers to approximately 5% of patients with symptom onset before the age of 21 years. The causal factor is a pathologically expanded CAG repeat in the Huntingtin gene. Age at onset is inversely correlated with CAG repeat length. Juvenile-onset patients have distinct symptoms and signs with more severe pathology of involved brain structures in comparison with disease onset in adulthood. The aim of this review is to compare clinical and pathological features in juvenile- and adult-onset Huntington disease and to explore which processes potentially contribute to the observed differences. A specific focus is placed on molecular mechanisms of mutant huntingtin in early neurodevelopment and the interaction of a neurodegenerative disease and postnatal brain maturation. The importance of a better understanding of pathophysiological differences between juvenile- and adult-onset Huntington disease lies in development and implementation of new therapeutic strategies. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society     

帕金森病患者抗帕金森病药物应用情况的调查研究

目的调查临床帕金森病（PD）患者应用抗PD药物的情况，为制定更加合理有效的临床用药方案提供依据。方法对2004年4月～2005年3月1年间190例PD患者应用抗PD药物情况（种类、剂量、费用）进行问卷调查和分析。结果本组PD患者人均用药2．88种，平均左旋多巴量323．0mg／d，平均左旋多巴等效剂量（Levodopa Equivalents，LDE）318．6mg／d；H＆Y分级越高的患者LDE越大，差异有显著性（P〈0．01）；人均药物费用为2597形年；药物费用的影响因素主要为每日LDE和药物种类数。结论目前PD患者的抗PD药物治疗以左旋多巴及其复合剂为主，LDE的用量可以作为衡量病情轻重及预测药物费用的一项重要指标。     

血管性帕金森综合征临床病例对照研究

目的 探讨脑血管病及其危险因素在帕金森综合征发病中的作用,分析血管性帕金森综合征（VP）与帕金森病（PD）的临床特点。方法 收集在我科住院的86例帕金森综合征及PD,根据有无高血压病、动脉硬化或脑卒中病史,分为VP组和PD组,并对两组的临床特点进行回顾性对比分析。结果 脑血管病及其危险因素在两组间的发生率有显著性差异（P＜0.001),与PD组比较,VP组病人发病年龄偏大（P＜0.01）,临床表现以少动－四肢强直为主,而静止性震颤少见（P＜0.05）,常伴发假性延髓麻痹、尿失禁（P＜0.01）、智能障碍（P＜0.001）等,头颅MRI以基底节区腔隙性脑梗死多见。且左旋多巴的治疗效果多不满意（P＜0.05）。结论 VP是病因、发病机理及临床特征不同于PD的一种帕金森综合征。     

NA干扰及其在神经变性性疾病研究中的应用

RNA干扰 (RNAi)是指生物体内利用具有同源性的双链RNA(dsRNA)诱发序列特异的转录后基因沉默(PTGS)的现象 ,它可以通过抑制蛋白表达模拟基因敲除技术。RNAi主要通过dsRNA被核酸酶Dicer切割成 2 1～ 2 5nt的小干扰RNA(siRNA) ,由siRNA介导识别并靶向切割同源mRNA分子而实现。随着研究的不断深入 ,RNAi的作用机制将逐步被阐明 ,其技术也将日趋完善和成熟 ,并将得到广泛的应用。本文就RNAi技术的研究进展及其在阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病等神经变性性疾病研究中的应用作一综述