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1.
目的 总结分析儿童脑梗死的病因、临床表现、影像学特点。方法 以54例脑梗死患儿为研究对象,对病因、临床表现、梗死灶部位分布、梗死灶类型及临床转归进行回顾性分析。结果 93%的脑梗死患儿病因明确,其中46%的患儿多种因素共存,前三位病因为感染(54%)、血管病变(40%)、外伤(26%)。主要临床表现为肢体瘫痪(85%)、发热(20%)、意识障碍(19%)、抽搐(17%)等。病灶部位以大脑皮质(80%)最多见,其次为基底节区(52%);病灶类型以小面积(74%)、多灶性(56%)梗死为主。感染所致的脑梗死以病毒性脑炎最多,其病灶部位以大脑皮质最常见(91%),病变类型以多灶性梗死较多(57%)。非特异性脑动脉内膜炎引起的脑梗死中83%的梗死灶位于基底节区,仅1例为多发梗死灶。烟雾病所致的脑梗死病灶部位以大脑皮质最常见(80%),病灶类型以大面积梗死(80%)和多灶性梗死(80%)多见。外伤患儿梗死灶以基底节区最常见(92%),病变类型以小面积梗死(92%)和单发梗死(85%)多见。肢体瘫痪的患儿病灶部位多位于基底节区(74%),意识障碍的患儿中50%梗死灶位于基底节区,癫痫的(100%)患儿均可见皮层下梗死。梗死灶位于大脑皮质的75%预后良好;梗死灶位于基底节区的87%预后良好;2例梗死灶位于脑干的患儿中1例遗留偏瘫、1例遗留认知障碍。感染所致的患儿88%预后良好;外伤所致的患儿82%预后良好;非特异性脑动脉内膜炎所致的患儿83%预后良好;脑血管畸形所致的患儿100%复发;5例烟雾病引起的脑梗死患儿中1例死亡,存活的4例患儿均遗留局限性脑萎缩、其中1例遗留癫痫。结论 儿童脑梗死多由感染、血管病变、外伤所致,肢体瘫痪最为常见,梗死灶部位以大脑皮质区常见,病变类型以小面积、多灶性梗死常见,预后较好。  相似文献   

2.
目的 总结儿童缺血性脑卒中(IS)的临床特点及病因.方法 对1997年9月-2008年7月在北京大学第一医院儿科住院的65例IS患儿病例资料进行回顾性分析.男42例,女23例;发病年龄3个月~15岁,平均5.2岁.结果常见的神经系统表现依次为肢体偏瘫[58例(89.2%)],中枢性面瘫[36例(55.4%)],惊厥[19例(29.2%)],语言障碍[17例(26.2%)],头痛[12例(18.5%)],感觉障碍[10例(15.4%)],锥体外系症状[5例(7.7%)].神经影像学(CT/MRI)检查显示梗死灶位于基底核区32例(49.2%),其中27例仅有基底核区梗死,5例同时伴其他部位梗死.多脑叶梗死26例(40.0%),顶叶梗死4例(6.2%),半球梗死3例(4.6%),颞叶梗死、丘脑梗死各2例(各3.1%),脑干梗死1例(1.5%).65例患儿中,40例进行了血管影像学检查,其中31例异常,以大脑中动脉受累最常见(26例,83.9%).常见病因为烟雾病(18例,27.7%),头部外伤(16例,24.6%)和感染(14例,21.5%),17例(26.2%)患儿为多病因共存,13例(20.0%)患儿末找到任何病因.结论儿童IS发病高峰为幼儿及学龄前期;最常见的神经功能障碍为肢体瘫痪;神经影像学显示基底核区梗死最常见;常见病因为烟雾病、外伤和感染.  相似文献   

3.
目的 总结儿童脑梗死的临床特点和病因.方法 对2009年1月至2011年7月在中国医科大学附属盛京医院住院的47例脑梗死患儿的病例资料进行回顾性分析.结果 47例患儿中,男30例,女17例;发病年龄2个月~11岁,平均3.1岁.常见的神经系统表现依次为肢体瘫痪32例(68.1%),中枢性面瘫15例(31.9%),惊厥12例(25.5%),意识、语言障碍各10例(21.3%).47例患儿中,神经影像学(CT或MRI)检查示梗死灶位于基底节区31例,其中4例同时伴其他部位梗死.多脑叶梗死5例,半球梗死3例,顶叶梗死、额叶梗死、颞叶梗死、丘脑梗死各2例.19例行血管影像学检查,其中11例异常,以大脑中动脉受累最常见(5例).47例患儿常见病因为头部外伤(19例,404%)、感染(12例,25.5%)、烟雾病(5例,10.6%),此外,10例(21.3%)患儿病因不明.结论 儿童脑梗死易发生于婴幼儿期;最常见的神经功能障碍为肢体瘫痪;神经影像学显示基底节区梗死最常见;常见病因为外伤、感染和烟雾病.  相似文献   

4.
儿童缺血性脑血管病的临床特点与病因分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 总结儿童缺血性脑血管病(ICD)的临床特点与病因.方法 采用自行设计的儿童ICD调查表,包括发病年龄、性别、个人史、临床表现、脑脊液检查、神经影像学检查、免疫检查、代谢检查等,对武汉市儿童医院神经内科2002年2月-2008年6月住院的53例ICD患儿病例资料进行回顾性分析.结果 53例患儿中,男30例(56.6%),女23例(43.4%);起病年龄为9个月~12岁,其中≤6岁45例(84.9%);患儿分布农村(60.4%)多于城市(39.6%);全年均有发病.53例ICD患儿的首发神经功能障碍中,40例(75.5%)为肢体瘫痪,其中偏瘫32例(60.4%),交替性偏瘫5例(9.4%),单肢瘫3例(5.7%).颅脑CT/MRI检查显示基底核区缺血病灶27例(50.9%),其次为多脑叶梗死15例(28.3%);磁共振脑血管成像/数字减影血管造影术显示40例血管影像异常,其中大脑中动脉及其分支受累者最多[21例(52.5%)].41例(77.4%)明确病因,以感染[13例(24.5%)]最多,其次为烟雾病8例(15.1%)、脑血管畸形5例(9.4%)、头部外伤4例(7.5%);12例(22.6%)病因不明.结论儿童ICD多以肢体瘫痪为首发症状,最常受累的病变部位为大脑中动脉及其分支,其次为颈内动脉、大脑前动脉、大脑后动脉、脑血管畸形等.其发病原因以感染最多见,其次为烟雾病、脑血管畸形和头部外伤等,还有一部分原因不明.  相似文献   

5.
目的 探讨不同年龄段儿童动脉缺血性脑卒中(AIS)的病因。方法 回顾性分析首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院神经内科病房2016年1月至2020年12月收治的AIS患儿资料,根据2019年美国心脏协会和美国卒中协会儿童脑卒中的管理指南将AIS病因分为心源性、易栓症、脑动脉病、其他、病因不详5大类。根据年龄分为婴幼儿(>28 d至<3岁)、学龄(前)儿童(3~<10岁)和青少年(10~<18岁)。分析不同病因患儿的临床特点。结果共纳入129例AIS患儿。脑动脉病是首要病因,共47例(36.43%),最常见的亚型为局灶脑动脉病(FCA,15例)和Moyamoya病(17例)。婴幼儿AIS共51例(39.53%),外伤后基底节脑梗死是首要病因(24/51,47.06%),这部分患儿中21例有基底节钙化。学龄(前)儿童AIS共54例(41.86%),青少年AIS共24例(18.60%),两者均以脑动脉病为首要病因。学龄(前)儿童AIS中存在11例病因不详的患儿,均为男性,影像学椎基底动脉供血区有多个梗死灶,不能除外椎动脉夹层,但均未行颈部CTA或MRA检查。青少年AIS中2例...  相似文献   

6.
目的探讨儿童动脉缺血性卒中(AIS)的起病方式、梗死部位与卒中病因的关系。方法回顾性分析1997年1月--2007年10月在武汉市儿童医院及华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院儿科住院、经头颅影像学证实并诊断为AIS的病例97例。年龄6个月~18岁。按病因分为炎性反应性动脉病组(32例)与非炎性反应性动脉病组(65例)(脑血管畸形、心源性栓塞、血液系统疾病及代谢疾病)。记录二组患几年龄、起病方式及梗死部位,并将起病方式分为急性与非急性,梗死部位分为基底核区与大脑中动脉主干供血区。采用t检验比较二组AIS患儿平均年龄差异搿。检验比较二组患儿起病方式与梗死部位差异。结果炎性反应性动脉病组与非炎性反应性动脉病组平均年龄比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.573 P〉0.05)。炎性反应性动脉病组中急性起病者10例(31.2%),非炎性反应性动脉病组中急性起病者38例(58.5%),二组比较差异有统计学意义(χ^2=6.352 P〈0.05)。炎性反应性动脉病组梗死灶位于基底核区21例(65.6%),非炎性反应性动脉病组梗死灶位于基底核区28例(43.1%),二组比较差异有统计学意SL(χ^2=4.361 P〈0.05)。结论起病方式与梗死部位可以提示儿童AIS的病因诊断。非急性起病、梗死灶位于基底核区的AIS,其病因多为炎性反应性动脉病。  相似文献   

7.
目的 探讨儿童动脉缺血性卒中(AIS)的起病方式、梗死部位与卒中病因的关系.方法 回顾性分析1997年1月-2007年10月在武汉市儿章医院及华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院儿科住院、经头颅影像学证实并诊断为AIS的病例97例.年龄6个月~18岁.按病因分为炎性反应性动脉病组(32例)与非炎性反应性动脉病组(65例)(脑血管畸形、心源性栓塞、血液系统疾病及代谢疾病).记录二组患儿年龄、起病方式及梗死部位,并将起病方式分为急性与非急性,梗死部位分为基底核区与大脑中动脉主干供血区.采用t检验比较二组AIS患儿平均年龄差异,X2检验比较二组患儿起病方式与梗死部位差异.结果炎性反应性动脉病组与非炎性反应性动脉病组平均年龄比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.573 P>0.05).炎性反应性动脉病组中急性起病者10例(31.2%),非炎性反应性动脉病组中急性起病者38例(58.5%),二组比较差异有统计学意义(X2=6.352 P<O.05).炎性反应性动脉病组梗死灶位于基底核区21例(65.6%),非炎性反应性动脉病组梗死灶位于基底核区28例(43.1%),二组比较差异有统计学意义(X2=4.361 P<0.05).结论起病方式与梗死部位可以提示儿童AIS的病因诊断.非急性起病、梗死灶位于基底核区的AIS,其病因多为炎性反应性动脉病.  相似文献   

8.
目的总结儿童动脉缺血性卒中(AIS)的临床特点、病因及危险因素。方法回顾性分析2003年1月-2011年3月在重庆医科大学附属儿童医院住院治疗的AIS患儿资料,采用SPSS 17.0软件进行分析,描述患儿年龄、性别分布等基本情况、相关病因及危险因素,并分析头部轻微外伤与基底核钙化是否存在相关性。结果本组患儿中,男31例,女27例;年龄2个月~13岁,平均3岁10个月。常见神经系统表现依次为肢体偏瘫52例(92.8%),中枢性面瘫34例(58.6%),运动性失语16例(27.6%),头痛、呕吐11例(19.0%),意识障碍8例(13.8%),惊厥7例(12.1%)。40例进行血管影像学检查,其中33例异常,左侧大脑中动脉受累最常见(19例,47.5%)。常见病因为轻微头部外伤(26例,44.8%)、烟雾病(8例,13.8%)和颅内感染(5例,8.6%),18例(31.0%)患儿为多病因共存,6例(10.3%)患儿未找到任何病因或危险因素,22例(37.9%)患儿有呼吸道感染。结论儿童AIS发病高峰人群为幼儿及学龄前期儿童,最常见的神经功能障碍为肢体偏瘫,神经影像学显示左侧大脑中动脉狭窄或中断最常见,常见病因为轻微头部外伤、烟雾病及颅内感染,较多患儿病前或病程中有上呼吸道感染。积极预防感染、减少头部外伤,对突发偏瘫患儿早期行头颅影像和血管检查将有利于AIS的预防和早期诊断。  相似文献   

9.
目的 总结儿童烟雾病的临床及影像学特点.方法 对17例烟雾病患儿的临床特点与辅助检查结果进行分析.结果 发病年龄1岁3个月-12岁,其中4-10岁占82.4%.15例临床表现为肢体无力或偏瘫,其中12例以此为首发症状;感觉障碍6例;语言障碍6例;视物不清3例;头痛2例;癫疴发作2例;不自主运动2例;吞咽困难1例;智力倒退1例.5例行头颅CT检查者均显示有缺血性改变.头颅MRI检查12例,11例显示缺血改变,包括梗死灶或软化灶,1例未见异常.17例头颅磁共振血管成像(MRA)检查,16例显示颈内动脉虹吸部末端和大脑前或中动脉狭窄或闭塞,脑基底部有异常血管网形成;1例未见脑基底部异常血管网.9例数字减影动脉造影(DSA)检查者中,8例与MRA检查结果一致;1例MRA未发现脑底血管网,DSA检查证实存在血管网异常.结论 儿童烟雾病高发年龄为4-10岁,多表现为短暂性脑缺血发作,临床以肢体无力或偏瘫、感觉障碍、语言障碍为常见症状.MRA与DSA检查是诊断烟雾病的主要方法,两者结果相似,提示头颅MRA可作为儿童烟雾病的首选辅助检查.  相似文献   

10.
157例儿童动脉缺血性卒中住院病例回顾性分析   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
目的了解儿童动脉缺血性卒中的危险因素、临床症状、神经影像学特点及治疗状况,以期为儿童缺血性卒中提供合理的诊断及治疗方案。方法对1996-01—2006-06首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院收治的157例缺血性卒中患儿病例资料进行回顾性分析。结果157例动脉缺血性卒中儿童中,男92例,女65例,发病年龄4个月至16岁,平均年龄32个月。发现51例患儿(32.5%)未找到任何危险因素,其他明确原因患儿中最常见危险因素为感染(12.1%)、烟雾病(12.1%)、头部外伤(10.8%)。最常见的神经系统损害为偏瘫(81.5%),神经系统影像学检查显示左侧大脑中动脉(36.3%)供血区域显著受累。157例患儿中56例接受了血管内溶栓治疗,除1人并发颅内出血外,其余患儿病情均有改善。结论中国儿童脑卒中常见危险因素与成人及其他遗传背景儿童明显不同。目前,关于儿童脑卒中急性期治疗、初步预防及复发预防,急需大样本的随机对照研究。  相似文献   

11.
Etiological factors of childhood ischemic stroke depend on the epidemiological context. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors, the clinical and radiologic features, and the outcome of arterial ischemic stroke in a case series of Senegalese children. We carried out a retrospective registry-based study on arterial ischemic stroke in children hospitalized in the neurology department of Fann Teaching Hospital and Albert Royer Children's Hospital, from January 2005 to December 2015. We enrolled 116 cases with an age range from 2 months to 18 years. The mean age at stroke occurrence was 71.5 months. The most common manifestations were hemiparesis (84%), aphasia (19%), and partial motor seizures (10%). The middle cerebral artery was the most affected (81%). Risk factors were predominantly sickle cell disease (38%), embolic heart disease (9%), and anemia (3%). Twenty-eight percent of patients were lost to follow-up, 62% had neurological impairments, and 4% died. Secondary prevention was based on antithrombotic agents. Prevention must be prioritized and public health actions need to focus on sickle cell disease, rheumatismal disease, anemia, and related disorders. It will be necessary to set up policies that fight against consanguineous marriage, endemic infections, and argue for better nutrition.  相似文献   

12.
北京市儿童医院10年儿童脑卒中疾病谱回顾性分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 回顾性分析脑卒中患儿的疾病谱病因学及危险因素分布特征。方法 采用回顾性病历调查方法,总结分析1996年1月至2006年6月首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院251例脑卒中患儿的临床资料。结果 脑卒中患儿发病平均年龄为(3.0±3.8)岁;男性156例,女性95例。动脉缺血性脑卒中(AIS)占62.5%(157/251),出血性脑卒中(HS)占37.5%(94/251)。两者均无明显季节分布差异,但郊区(县)发病较城区更为严重。特发性脑卒中(IS)51例(32.5%,51/157)居于AIS病例各亚类首位。已明确病因的AIS病例中以感染(12.1%,19/157)、烟雾病(12.1%,19/157)、头部外伤(10.8%,17/157)和营养性缺铁性贫血(7.6%,12/157)最常见。惊厥(20.4%,25/157)和言语困难(15.9%,25/157)则是IS患儿较常见症状。颅内出血发生部位主要为大脑内(41.5%,39/94)和蛛网膜下隙(13.8%,13/94)。维生素K缺乏(76.6%,72/94)则是导致小婴儿颅内出血的重要诱发因素。 .结论 IS是儿童AIS的最常见类型;维生素K缺乏仍是我国引起小婴儿颅内出血的最常见诱发因素。  相似文献   

13.
Yock-Corrales A  Barnett P 《Pediatric emergency care》2011,27(10):966-74; quiz 975-7
Stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children and long-term neurological deficits. Although cerebrovascular disorders occur less often in children than in adults, recognition of stroke in children has probably increased because of the widespread application of noninvasive diagnostic studies such as magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography.Computed tomography (CT) should be the first imaging choice in the emergency setting when stroke is suspected. It will show the presence of hemorrhage (eg, bleeding from arteriovenous malformation). It is often normal within the first hours in arterial ischemic stroke. As in adults, magnetic resonance imaging is the neuroimaging modality to confirm the clinical diagnosis of ischemic stroke. In children, however, magnetic resonance imaging requires sedation and may not be as readily available as CT. Perfusion imaging demonstrates flow within the brain and can detect areas that are at risk of ischemia; however, further studies in the pediatric population need to be validated for this technique in children. Angiography detects arterial disease (eg, aneurysm); however, its use has been largely superseded by better magnetic resonance angiography, which is sensitive enough to visualize lesions in the proximal anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery, and distal internal carotid artery (ICA). Magnetic resonance imaging using diffusion- weighted imaging is the most versatile and sensitive imaging technique for identifying ischemic lesions. In the future, we need to identify the pediatric patient presenting to the emergency department with an acute stroke and develop a pathway for the use of particular imaging techniques (eg, CT vs magnetic resonance imaging).  相似文献   

14.
IntroductionRisk factors (RF) in pediatric stroke differ from those of adults, and they include a wide range of diseases such as heart disease, infections, leukemias, and inborn errors of metabolism.ObjectivesTo describe RF for ischemic stroke in a pediatric population, and to examine the relationship of RF with age, sex and type of stroke.Patients and methodsAn analysis was made of database of 114 children and adolescents with ischemic stroke from January 2003 to July 2012. Risk factors were stratified into 6 categories and ischemic strokes were classified as arterial and venous. We compared the RF with age, sex, and type of stroke (chi2 and OR).ResultsThe median age was 2.5 years, with 74 (62.2%) males. No RF was identified in 7.9% of patients, and 67% had more than one RF. The most common RF were acute systemic diseases (56.1%), heart disease (35.1%), and chronic systemic diseases (29.8%). There was a statistically significant association between acute systemic disease and age less than 5 years (P<.001), and between chronic systemic disease and age 5 years or more (P<.02). The RF of heart disease was associated with arterial infarction (P<.05), and the acute head and neck disease RF was associated with venous infarction (P<.05).ConclusionsThe RF for ischemic stroke are multiple in the pediatric population, and some of them are associated with a specific age and type of stroke. The detection of these factors may help in the primary prevention of people at risk, an early diagnosis, and treatment and prevention of recurrences.  相似文献   

15.
儿童缺血性脑卒中远期预后追踪研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 探讨儿童缺血性脑卒中(IS)远期预后并初步探讨影响其预后的因素。方法 收集1992年1月至1997年5月首次入住首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院(我院)的IS连续病例。对住院病历进行回顾性分析,了解其发病时的病因、临床表现及影像学特征。愿意接受随访的患儿到我院随访,项目包括问卷调查、物理检查、日常生活活动(ADL)评定、智力测量、患肢运动功能评定(FMA评估)、头颅MRI和磁共振血管造影术(MRA)检查,分析IS的远期预后。结果 44例IS连续病例符合纳入标准,其中1例病初死亡,3例无法取得联系,15例拒绝随访。25例进入分析,其中男14例,女11例。起病至本次随访的间隔时间平均为12.2年,随访时平均年龄16.3岁(11.3~24.2岁)。①起病时23例表现为偏瘫症状,2例四肢瘫。10例患儿病因不明,呼吸道感染5例,轻微头外伤5例,Moyamoya病2例,同时呼吸道感染和头外伤1例,心脏病和脑动脉炎各1例。②5/25例起病入院时出现惊厥的患儿出院后未再出现惊厥;起病时未发生惊厥的2例患儿出现癫发作;2例Moyamoya病患儿出院后出现IS复发。③25例患儿肌力均较起病时提高;25例患儿ADL得分在118~126分,均符合ADL功能独立;FMA评分结果显示11例(44%)患儿患肢运动功能达到正常。④7例(28%)患儿全量表智商<70分;15例(60%)患儿存在心理问题,包括记忆力差11例,注意力不集中10例,自信心不强9例,动作过多7例,社交恐怖7例。⑤MRA检查显示3例起病时血管狭窄的患儿其狭窄程度明显减轻,余22例患儿无明显改变。⑥基底节、内囊和丘脑部位梗死者以及特发性脑卒中患儿FMA评分较高。结论 儿童IS远期预后较好,均可达到生活自理。约50%患儿仍存在不同程度的运动功能障碍和心理问题,整体认知能力偏低。基底节、内囊和丘脑部位梗死和特发性IS者运动功能预后良好。  相似文献   

16.

Background

Cerebrovascular complications of Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) are poorly documented in the paediatric population.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis from prospectively registered cases of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) from the Swiss NeuroPaediatric Stroke Registry (SNPSR) from 2000 to 2015. Only cases with serologically confirmed LNB were included. In addition, a literature review on paediatric stroke cases secondary to Lyme neuroborreliosis in the same time frame was performed.

Results

4 children out of 229 children with arterial ischemic childhood stroke and serologically confirmed LNB were identified in the SNPSR giving a global incidence of 1.7%. Median age was 9.9 years. A prior history of tick bites or erythema migrans (EM) was reported in two cases. Clinical presenting signs were suggestive of acute cerebellar/brainstem dysfunction. On imaging, three children demonstrated a stroke in the distribution of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. The remaining fourth child had a “stroke-like” picture with scattered white matter lesions and a multifocal vasculitis with prominent basilar artery involvement. Lymphocytic pleocytosis as well as intrathecal synthesis of Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies were typical biological features. Acute intravenous third generation cephalosporins proved to be effective with rapid improvement in all patients. No child had recurrent stroke. Data from the literature concerning eight patients gave similar results, with prominent posterior circulation stroke, multifocal vasculitis and abnormal CSF as distinctive features.

Conclusions

Lyme Neuroborreliosis accounts for a small proportion of paediatric stroke even in an endemic country. The strong predilection towards posterior cerebral circulation with clinical occurrence of brainstem signs associated with meningeal symptoms and CSF lymphocytosis are suggestive features that should rapidly point to the diagnosis. This can be confirmed by appropriate serological testing in the serum and CSF. Clinicians must be aware of this rare neurological complication of Lyme disease that demands specific antibiotic treatment.  相似文献   

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