胎儿先天性膈疝MRI诊断的探讨

目的 探讨MRI在胎儿先天性膈疝诊断中的应用价值.方法 14名孕妇,孕龄16～39周.产前常规行超声(US)检查怀疑胎儿先天性膈疝后在24-48 h内行MR检查,采用二维快速平衡稳态采集(2D FIESTA)序列、单次激发快速自旋回波(SSFSE)序列以及快速反转恢复运动抑制(FIRM)序列,行胎儿颅脑、胸、腹部常规及胸腹部重点冠状面、矢状面及横断面扫描,将产前MRI、US表现与出生后影像表现或手术(13例胎儿)、引产后尸体解剖(1例胎儿)结果对照.结果 12例为单胎,2例为双胎之一.膈疝位于左侧12例,右侧2例.随访结果与产前MRI诊断完全一致,产前US误诊2例、漏诊2例.12例左侧疝中1例为左胸部被巨大结肠占据,1例仅整个胃泡疝入,5例仅部分肠管疝入,5例整个胃泡和部分肠管同时疝入;2例右侧疝中1例仅部分肠管疝入,1例为肝脏部分和部分肠管同时疝入.结论 MRI对胎儿先天性膈疝诊断具有较高的应用价值.     

MRI在胎儿泌尿系统畸形诊断中的价值

目的评估MRI在胎儿泌尿系统畸形诊断中的价值。方法对34例泌尿系统畸形的胎儿MRI结果，结合超声诊断以及部分产后或术后结果进行分析。结果胎儿肾脏积水12例，包括7例随访积水消失；2例失访；产前MRI诊断的1例梗阻性右肾发育不良正在随访中，1例右双肾盂输尿管畸形在产后MRI随访中证实，1例肾盂输尿管连接处异常产后超声随访证实。双侧性泌尿系统畸形胎儿7例，显示羊水量减少，肺信号减低，其中双侧性多囊性肾发育不良3例（均引产），双肾发育不良2例（1例失访，1例尸检），双侧肾不发育1例（引产后尸检证实），右肾缺如伴左肾发育不良1例（失访），1例尸检胎儿产前MRI诊断正确，1例MRI上清晰显示双侧下肢合并成团块状。单侧性泌尿系统畸形胎儿15例，包括单侧肾发育不良9例（3例随访中，2例引产，1例失访，3例产后超声或MRI证实），单侧肾脏不发育4例（2例引产，2例产后超声或MRI证实），异位肾1例产后经超声证实，脐尿管囊肿1例引产，产前MRI对于得到随访结果的6例胎儿均诊断正确。结论MRI可以不受羊水量的影响，多方位清晰显示各类泌尿系统畸形及其伴发的其他系统畸形，并作出准确诊断，作为产前超声的重要补充检查手段具有很高的临床应用价值。     

胎儿先天性肺发育异常MRI的诊断

目的:探讨MRI在胎儿先天性肺发育异常诊断中的应用价值。方法:59例孕妇,孕龄16～39周,平均26周。产前常规行超声(US)检查后24～48h内行MR检查,采用二维快速平衡稳态采集(2D FIESTA)序列、单次激发快速自旋回波(SSFSE)序列以及快速反转恢复运动抑制(FIRM)序列,行胎儿颅脑胸腹部常规及胸部重点冠状面、矢状面及横断面扫描,将产前MRI、US表现与出生后影像表现或手术(54例胎儿)、引产后尸体解剖结果(5例胎儿)对照。结果:先天性肺囊腺瘤样畸形34例、叶内型支气管肺隔离症1例、先天性肺囊腺瘤样畸形和BPS并存1例,先天性膈疝18例,原发性肺发育不全5例。随访证实产前MRI诊断误诊2例,产前US误诊9例、漏诊4例。结论:MRI在胎儿先天性肺肺发育异常诊断方面具有较高的应用价值,可诊断CCAM具体所在肺叶、病变类型、心脏移位及对侧肺受压程度;SSFSE序列联合FIRM序列能很好区分疝入胸腔的内容物,尤其是US易漏诊的右侧膈疝;可较好的显示发育不全的肺叶状况。     

MRI在胎儿中枢神经系统畸形的应用价值

目的 评价MRI在胎儿中枢神经系统畸形中的应用价值.资料与方法 22例孕妇,年龄23～40岁,年龄平均28岁;孕龄23～40周,平均30周.产前超声(US)检查后48 h内行MRI检查,T2WI采用半傅里叶单激发快速自旋回波序列(HASTE)、真稳态进动快速成像序列(True FISP),T1WI采用超快速小角度激发序列(FLASH)(Turbo FLASH)扫描,将产前MRI、US表现与产后诊断或尸检结果对照.结果 产前MRI与US诊断一致并正确者9例,产前MRI正确并证实US可疑病变2例,产前MRI正确并完善产前US诊断1例,产前MRI正确并改变产前US诊断7例,产前US正确MRI不正确1例,产前US正确且完善MRI诊断2例.结论 MRI对胎儿神经系统畸形的诊断具有一定的优势,与US相比,MRI可提供更全面、更准确的信息,甚至更正US诊断,可作为胎儿中枢神经系统畸形的一种重要检查方法和补充手段.     

胎儿羊膜带综合征所致四肢畸形的MRI诊断

目的:探讨快速MRI对胎儿羊膜带综合征所致四肢先天畸形的诊断价值。方法:搜集本院行产前超声检查(US)和MRI检查的68例孕妇中发现并经引产后胎儿尸检证实的胎儿四肢畸形病例资料12例。这12例孕妇年龄22~34岁,平均27.3岁;其12例胎儿,胎龄20~38周,平均26.8周。US检查后3天内行胎儿肢体轴面、冠状面、矢状面MRI扫描。MRI扫描采用单次激发快速自旋回波(SSFSE)序列。观察胎儿四肢骨骼及软组织的形态、结构,并与US及尸检结果进行比较。结果:快速MRI视野大,运动伪影少,组织分辨力高,能清楚显示四肢骨骼、软组织等解剖结构。引产后尸检发现12例四肢畸形(左前臂缺失3例,右前臂残端畸形4例,左侧手指缺失1例,下肢狭窄环2例,马蹄内翻足畸形2例);US诊断10例,误诊、漏诊各1例;MRI诊断11例,漏诊1例。比较两者正确诊断数及误漏诊数,采用四格表的确切概率法检验,P>0.05,差异无统计学意义。结论:MRI对胎儿四肢先天畸形具有较高的诊断价值,是胎儿肢体先天畸形影像学诊断的重要手段之一。     

MRI对胎儿胼胝体缺如的诊断价值

目的 探讨MRI对胎儿胼胝体缺如的诊断价值. 资料与方法 超声（US）怀疑胎儿胼胝体缺如的孕妇9例,平均年龄25岁（18～29岁）,平均孕周32周（28～36周）,所有患者均在US检查后2天内行MRI检查.将US、MRI结果与出生后或引产后结果对照. 结果 MRI与US比较,胎儿胼胝体缺如基本一致者3例;US可疑、MRI肯定者6例,其中出生后随访证实者2例,引产后证实者4例;对于其伴发畸形,两者基本一致者5例,MRI多于US者4例. 结论 MRI对胎儿胼胝体缺如有较高的诊断价值,可作为US有利的补充及验证手段.     

双胎胎儿畸形的磁共振诊断

目的:评价MRI对胎儿双胎和双胎畸形的诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析经引产或手术证实的5例双胎产前磁共振成像,并将产前MRI、产前超声(US)结果与引产后或出生后随访结果对照.结果:5例双胎中,产前MRI诊断连体双胎1例,双胎四肢短肢畸形1例,双胎小肠狭窄1例,双胎一胎无心无脑畸形1例,双胎一胎无脑畸形1例.结论:MRI能较好的诊断胎儿双胎及双胎畸形,由于其大视野,较好的软组织对比度,且不受羊水量多少、孕妇体型、胎儿位置、胎儿颅骨及母体骨盆骨骼等因素影响.     

胎儿囊状淋巴管瘤的MRI诊断

目的 探讨MRI在胎儿囊状淋巴管瘤诊断中的应用价值.资科与方法 7例孕妇,孕龄27～37周.产前常规行超声(US)检查后24～48 h内行MRI检查,采用二维快速平衡稳态采集(2D FIESTA)序列、单次激发快速自旋回波(SSFSE)序列以及快速反转恢复运动抑制(FIRM)序列,行胎儿颅脑、胸腹部常规及颈、胸、腹壁重点冠状位、矢状位及横断位扫描,将产前MRI、US表现与出生后影像、手术病理对照.结果 7例中,无分隔者3例,有分隔者4例.病变位于颈部4例(其中1例双侧颈部伴分隔者下端达胸腔),左胸腹壁及后背部软组织1例(达左侧胸腔),左腋下及左胸壁1例,左前腹壁1例.随访结果与产前MRI诊断一致6例,不完全一致1例,产前US误诊2例,诊断不完全准确2例.结论 MRI在胎儿淋巴管瘤诊断方面具有较高的应用价值,能准确显示其部位、大小、范围及与周围结构的关系和内部结构.     

胎儿腹部囊性病变的MRI诊断与鉴别

目的 分析12例胎儿腹部囊性病变的MRI表现.资料与方法 对12例胎儿腹部囊性病变的MRI表现进行回顾性分析.结果 7例为卵巢囊肿,其中1例MRI见囊肿位于左侧腹左肾前方,而超声诊断病灶位于右侧腹部右肾旁,从而提示该囊肿有蒂,产后1月复查超声后,腹腔内未见囊性病灶.2例为肠系膜囊肿,其中1例肠腔明显向周围受压推移,手术证实.2例为肝脏囊肿,MRI示肝脏右叶囊样信号灶,产后超声复查为肝脏囊肿.1例脐尿管囊肿,MRI清晰显示脐带根部囊肿与膀胱相通征象.结论 快速MRI扫描序列无辐射,且具有良好的组织分辨率及多方位显示病变等优势,已日益成为产科胎儿超声检查的一种重要补充方法.     

羊水过少胎儿结构和相关畸形的MRI诊断价值

目的:评价磁共振成像(MRI)对羊水过少胎儿结构及相关畸形的诊断价值.方法:34例孕妇,孕龄20～35周.产前常规行超声(US)检查后24～48h内行MR检查,采用二维快速平衡稳态采集(2D FIESTA)序列、单次激发快速自旋回波(SSFSE)序列,行胎儿颅脑胸腹部常规及双肺、双肾重点冠状面、矢状面及横断面扫描,将产前MRI、US表现与出生后影像或引产后尸解对照.通过MRI采用感兴趣区工具(ROI)测量胎儿肺肝信号强度比(LLSIR).结果:34例羊水过少胎儿MRI均能清晰显示其结构,20例存在泌尿系统畸形(其中12例合并肺发育不良),3例只合并双肺发育不良,特发性羊水过少11例.合并肺发育不良共计15例.18例出生,16例引产.除4例引产未尸检外,其余均由出生影像学或引产后尸解证实.结论:MRI是显示羊水过少胎儿结构及相关异常最有效的诊断方法,它能不受羊水过少的影响,清晰显示胎儿结构及相关异常.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

人体中的镭-226、镭-228、钋-210、铅-210

本文报道了广东阳江高本底地区6名、对照地区8名人尸体的骨²²⁶Ra、²²⁶Ra的浓度以及部分居民内脏器官中。²¹⁰Po、²¹⁰Pb的浓度。结果轰明阳江高本底地区和对照地区居民骨镭-226、镭-228的浓度分别为29.9pCi/kg, 26.9pCi/kgl 8.7pCi/kg, 8.2pCi/kg.由此估算出阳江高本底地区屠民骨中²²⁶Ra、²²⁸Ra的负薄璧及对骨衬、骨髓所产生的剂量当量分别为对照地区民民的3.4倍, 3.3倍。两地区居民内脏器官中^{210Po、210Pb的测定分析铡数较少但仍看出, 高本底地区均明显高于对照地区.}     

Carbohydrate Supplementation during Exercise: Does It Help? How Much is Too Much?

KEY POINTS· Carbohydrate intake during exercise can delay the onset of fatigue and improve performance of prolonged exercise as well as exercise of shorter duration and greater intensity (e.g., continuous exercise lasting about 1h and intermittent high-intensity exercise), but the mechanisms by which performance is improved are different.     

Diagnóstico ecográfico del neumotórax

The ultrasonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax is based on the analysis of artifacts. It is possible to confirm or rule out pneumothorax by combining the following signs: lung sliding, the A and B lines, and the lung point. One fundamental advantage of lung ultrasonography is its easy access in any critical situation, especially in patients in the intensive care unit. For this reason, chest ultrasonography can be used as an alternative to plain-film X-rays and computed tomography in critical patients and in patients with normal plain films in whom pneumothorax is strongly suspected, as well as to evaluate the extent of the pneumothorax and monitor its evolution.     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).