青海省油菜花粉营养成份的研究

采用高效液相色谱,气相色谱,氨基酸自动分析仪,单道扫描仪等现代大型仪器对青海生产的油菜花粉中的维生素和糖类,脂肪酸,氨基酸,矿物质和微量元素等营养成份进行了系统的测定.我省每100g油菜蜂花粉含脂肪酸10.17-12.73g,糖类38.38-39.89g,蛋白质25.46-27.92g,氨基酸16.62-21.31g.为我省油菜蜂花粉的开发利用提供了科学依据.     

假白榄的植物化学研究

作者从大戟科假白榄(Jatropha curcas L.)叶分离得豆甾醇β-谷甾醇,二聚三萜醇和二个新黄酮甙。提取和分离:假白榄叶粉(4公斤)用石油醚、乙醚、乙醇先后提取。石油醚提取物用醇制氢氧化钾皂化,不皂化部分经氧化铝柱层析,分离得到豆甾醇和β-谷甾醇,得量分别为0.025和0.05％。乙     

HPLC-ELSD测定白花丹药材中的β-谷甾醇

目的 建立测定白花丹药材中β-谷甾醇含量的方法,并比较白花丹药材不同药用部位、不同产地和不同采收期中β-谷甾醇的含量.方法 采用高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测法,色谱柱为Kromasil C_(18)柱(250 mm ×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇,流速为1.0 mL·min~(-1),柱温为30℃,漂移管温度为40℃,载气(N2)压力3.5 bar.结果 β-谷甾醇1.080～4.860 μg与峰面积的自然对数呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9995),平均回收率为99.80%.白花丹根、茎中β-谷甾醇的含量分别为0.2074、0.4064 mg·g~(-1),叶中未测到;测得广西产白花丹中的含呈量普遍低于云南所产,西双版纳南药园的白花丹中β-谷甾醇含量最高;不同采收期白花丹茎中β-谷甾醇的含量较高.结论 所建方法简便、准确、重复性好,可以作为控制白花丹药材质量的方法之一.     

毛细管气相色谱法测定小麦胚芽油软胶囊中植物甾醇的组成及含量

目的检测小麦胚芽油软胶囊中植物甾醇的组成和含量。方法采用氢氧化钾乙醇溶液水浴上皂化,石油醚萃取,毛细管气相色谱法分离植物甾醇的分析方法。结果检测出来的最低值为:菜子甾醇0.075mg/L;菜油甾醇0.35mg/L;豆甾醇0.085mg/L;β-谷甾醇0.30mg/L。结论小麦胚芽油软胶囊中植物甾醇主要是由菜子甾醇、菜油甾醇、豆甾醇、β-谷甾醇组成,其中β-谷甾醇和菜油甾醇的含量最高,食用安全,应得到大力的推广。     

栽培银柴胡化学成分的研究

从栽培银柴胡Stellaria dichotoma L.vat.lanceolata Bge.的根中分析鉴定了7个化合物,经理化常数测定,气相色谱及光谱分析鉴定为α-菠甾醇(α-spinasterol)(1),β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol)(2),豆甾醇(stigmasterol)(3),豆甾-7-烯醇(stigmast-7-enol)(4),α-菠甾醇葡萄糖甙(α-spinasterol glucosido)(5),豆甾-7-烯醇葡萄糖甙(stigmast-7-enol glucoside)(6),及银柴胡环肽(stellaria cy(?)lapeptide)(7).     

植物甾醇的高效液相色谱测定研究

目的建立油脂中豆甾醇和β-谷甾醇的高效液相色谱-二级管阵列分析方法。方法基于C18反相分离,通过优化色谱分离条件,包括样品溶剂选择、流动相的优化、流速的优化,应用于豆甾醇和β-谷甾醇的色谱分析检测。结果在最优条件下,在20min内实现了豆甾醇和β-谷甾醇基线分离,分离度均达到2.9,应用于油脂中甾醇分析,测得豆甾醇含量为330mg·kg-1,β-谷甾醇含量为675mg·kg-1。结论高效液相色谱-二级阵列管检测器分析油脂中植物甾醇方法简单,效果良好。     

远东产几种景天的酚类化合物和两种景天提取液对大白鼠脂肪代谢的影响

作者测定了狗景天(Sedum middendorffianum Maxim)、费菜(S.Kamtschaticum Fisch.)、毛景天(S.selskanum Regel et Maack)和苍白景天(S.pallesters Freyn.)地上部分的酚类化合物及其在不同发育期中的含量。结果表明,四种景天的黄酮醇类和熊果酚甙的含量以孕蕾期为最高(苍白景天在三个发育期中均不含杨梅树皮素);鞣酸和鞣质的含量以开花期为最高。     

泽漆不同部位总黄酮的含量测定

目的测定泽漆不同部位总黄酮的含量。方法以芦丁含量为考察指标,通过分光光度法对泽漆不同部位总黄酮含量进行精密测定。结果泽漆叶中总黄酮含量最高(29.6671 mg/g),根次之(13.1930 mg/g),茎最低(12.8009 mg/g)。结论泽漆叶的总黄酮含量最高,利用价值最大。     

醋柳黄酮中β-谷甾醇-β-D-葡萄糖苷的鉴定与含量测定

目的鉴定醋柳黄酮中的β-谷甾醇(Sito)及其β-D-葡萄糖苷(SitoG),并测定其含量。方法采用TLC法鉴定醋柳黄酮中的Sito及其SitoG;采用RP-HPLC法测定其中的SitoG,色谱柱为Diamonsil C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为100%甲醇,流速为1.0 ml.min-1,检测波长为205 nm,标准曲线法定量。结果醋柳黄酮中含有Sito和SitoG,后者的含量为3.1%~3.8%。结论所用方法可用于醋柳黄酮及其制剂的质量控制。     

多指标评价不同干燥工艺及切片对三叶青质量的影响

目的:研究不同干燥工艺和切片对三叶青质量的影响,优选三叶青的干燥处理方式。方法:分别采用2种处理方式(切片、不切片)及5种干燥方法(阴干、晒干、热风干燥、微波干燥、冷冻干燥)对三叶青块根进行处理,分别干燥3.5 h~213.0 h后,以药材中总黄酮、多糖、总多酚和β-谷甾醇的含量为指标,对比分析不同干燥工艺对三叶青质量的影响。结果:与不切片比较,三叶青切片后可缩短干燥时间,减少药材中活性成分的损耗。5种干燥方法中,冷冻干燥对三叶青中活性成分保留效果最好,切片干燥后药材中总黄酮、多糖、总多酚和β-谷甾醇的含量分别约为18.5、92.7、9.19、0.344 mg/g;微波干燥次之,随后依次为热风干燥、阴干和晒干。各干燥方法间有效成分含量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:不同干燥工艺对三叶青质量有明显影响;从成本、有效成分含量及实用性等综合分析,三叶青宜采用切片后在60℃热风干燥的方式处理。     

福林-酚法测定蜂毒口服结肠定位释药微丸含量

目的建立天然蜂毒多肽口服结肠定位释药微丸的含量测定方法。方法采用福林 酚试剂法。结果蜂毒多肽质量浓度在 2 5～ 2 5 0mg/L内线性关系良好 ,相关系数为 0 9994。测定微丸样品的平均回收率为 1 0 0 5 % ,平均相对标准差为 1 1 % (n =9)。结论此方法可以满足制剂样品含量分析的要求     

Anti-arthritic effect of bee venom.

Bee venom, administered subcutaneously, suppressed the development of carrageenan-induced paw edema and adjuvant arthritis in the rat in a dose-related manner. A single dose of bee venom administered subcutaneously the day before or on the day of injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) effectively suppressed the development of polyarthritis. This suppressive effect decreased progressively as dosing was delayed. Bee venom was found to be most effective when mixed and injected (sub-plantar) together with CFA, the disease-inducing agent. Similarly, antigens such as egg albumin, when incorporated into CFA, and injected into the hind paw, prevented the development of arthritis. These results suggest that at least two mechanisms are involved in the anti-arthritic action of bee venom: (1) alteration of the immune response, probably via antigen competition, and (2) an anti-inflammatory action via corticosteroids or through an as yet undetermined mechanism.     

Chlorpyrifos-induced neuro-oxidative damage in bee

Complaints regarding excessive use of chlorpyrifos and consequent poisoning to non target pollinators have increased throughout the world. Loss of honeybee has been observed in the Kashmir valley of India, too. The lipid peroxidation, known to cause oxidative stress/damage, was found to be increased in nervous system of Apis mellifera exposed to chlorpyrifos. Further exacerbation of chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative damage was observed in ^·OH-generated H₂O₂ system. The ^·OH radical scavenger, DMSO, mitigated the initiation of lipid peroxidation mediated by either H₂O₂ or CPF. The DMSO also repressed the combined oxidative effect of H₂O₂ and chlorpyrifos on the nervous system. Findings suggest that oxidative stress/damage caused by chlorpyrifos in honeybee nervous system accomplished the toxic ^·OH build up, which successively provides a possible mechanism for chlorpyrifos neurotoxicity and its mitigation by ^·OH scavenging biomolecules. Elevated malondialdehyde may possibly serve as an indicator of neurooxidative stress in bees and their loss due to chlorpyrifos- contaminated environment.     

The toxicology of honey bee poisoning

The use of insecticides continues to be a basic tool in pest management, since there are many pest situations for which there are no known alternative management methods. However, the harmful effects of insecticides against beneficial Insects continuous to be a serious problem. Poisoning of bee pollinators is a serious adverse effect of insecticide use which leads to a decrease in insect population, to reduction of honey yields, to destruction of plant communities, to insecticide residues in food, and to a significant loss of beekeepers' income. In bee poisoning, the identification of the responsible toxicant is necessary by both environmental and biological monitoring, to prevent bee poisoning and for the protection of public health. The different aspects of bee poisoning with anticholinesterase insecticides are discussed in detail.     

Inhibitory effect of bee venom on the growth of Trichomonas vaginalis

Trichomoniasis, a common cause of vaginitis, is the most common sexually transmitted infection in humans, worldwide. It is caused by infection with the single-celled protozoan parasite, Trichomonas vaginalis, which disrupts normal vaginal flora. The administration of metronidazole, approved by the WHO, is currently being used for trichomoniasis treatment. However, there is a great need for development of safe alternative drugs from natural products because of metronidazole’s adverse effects. In this investigation, bee venom effectively inhibited Trichomonas vaginalis growth in a concentration-dependent manner.     

Effect of papain on bee venom toxicity

The use of Adolph's Meat Tenderizer, which contains the enzyme papain, has been recommended for the treatment of bee stings, although no controlled animal or clinical data existed to support this treatment. Using mice as the test animals, we could find no evidence for antagonism of bee venom lethality or intradermal lesions by papain or Adolph's Meat Tenderizer administered following the venom. It therefore can be tentatively concluded that no positive effect would be expected by the application of these preparations in the usual clinical situation. Inactivation of bee venom only occurred when the venom and papain were mixed together prior to injection. In contrast, hydrocortisone ointment 0.5% was highly effective in decreasing the size of lesions produced by the prior intradermal injection of bee venom.