索拉非尼自微乳化给药系统的制备及药物动力学研究(英文)

索拉非尼(Sorafenib)是一种新型抗肿瘤药物,但其在水中难溶,生物利用度低。为了增加索拉非尼的生物利用度,本研究制备了索拉非尼自微乳化给药系统,并以大鼠为实验动物测定了该给药系统的口服相对生物利用度。该给药系统以油酸乙酯(20%,w/w)为油相,聚氧乙烯蓖麻油(48%,w/w)为主要乳化剂,聚乙二醇400(16%,w/w)和乙醇(16%,w/w)为助乳化剂,索拉非尼的终浓度为20 mg/mL。该制剂自微乳化后粒径为20-25 nm。与索拉非尼混悬液相比,自微乳化给药系统可以显著增加索拉非尼的AUC,C_(max)和MRT,降低清除率,T_(max)没有明显变化。尤其是与口服混悬液相比,其相对生物利用度提高近25倍,说明索拉非尼自微乳化给药系统有望开发成为增加其口服吸收的药物制剂。     

醋柳黄酮自微乳化给药系统的体内外评价

本文的目的在于对醋柳黄酮自微乳化给药系统进行评价,该给药系统用于提高难溶性药物醋柳黄酮的口服生物利用度。评价指标包括自微乳化时间、粒径及多分散指数、形态学特征、体外分散性、稳定性、在体小肠吸收及生物利用度。结果表明,该自微乳化给药系统在3 min内即形成微乳,平均粒径低于40 nm,多分散指数低于0.2,电镜下观察粒子形态为球形;20 min时体外累积释放百分率(以槲皮素计)接近90%,显著高于普通胶囊剂;加速试验条件下放置6个月,自微乳化给药系统的所有指标均未发生明显改变;该自微乳化给药系统的在体小肠吸收速率常数(以槲皮素计)显著高于醋柳黄酮乙醇溶液(P<0.05);以醋柳黄酮的混悬液为参比制剂,自微乳化给药系统的大鼠灌胃给药相对生物利用度(以槲皮素计)为518%。     

银杏酮酯口服自微乳化给药系统的制备

研究制备银杏酮酯口服自微乳化给药系统。采用平衡溶解度方法筛选乳化剂与助乳化剂; 采用伪三元相图法制备微乳; 采用正交法优化处方组成; 并考察自微乳化制剂的乳化效率、溶出度、稳定性与药动学研究等。结果表明, 由肉豆蔻酸异丙酯IPM、聚氧乙烯蓖麻油Cremophor EL、丙二醇与银杏酮酯组成的自微乳化给药系统遇水可自发形成粒径为20～50 nm的稳定微乳。自微乳化给药系统的乳化效率与溶出快, 且制剂稳定性高, 能提高生物利用度。制备的银杏酮酯口服自微乳化给药系统稳定有效。     

十一酸睾酮自微乳制剂的大鼠体内药代动力学研究

目的制备十一酸睾酮自微乳化制剂,并对其大鼠体内药代动力学进行研究。方法采用血清睾酮放免法测定给药后大鼠体内血清睾酮水平的变化,并计算药代动力学参数。结果十一酸睾酮原料药混悬液基本没吸收,而自微乳制剂和市售Andriol药物的吸收大大提高。以Andriol为参比制剂,自微乳制剂的相对生物利用度为96.4%。结论自微乳化给药系统能提高脂溶性药物十一酸睾酮的吸收。     

阿司匹林磷脂复合物自微乳在大鼠体内的药动学及生物利用度研究

目的:研究阿司匹林磷脂复合物自微乳在大鼠体内的药动学行为及生物利用度。方法:将12只SD大鼠随机分为阿司匹林混悬液组(10 mg/kg)和阿司匹林磷脂复合物自微乳组(10 mg/kg),每组6只。各组大鼠分别ig给药,并于给药前及给药0.083、0.25、0.5、0.75、1.0、2.0、3.0、4.0、6.0、8.0、12.0 h后于颈静脉采血0.6 mL。采用高效液相色谱法测定2组大鼠血浆中水杨酸的浓度,并采用DAS 2.0药动学软件计算药动学参数和相对生物利用度。结果:阿司匹林混悬液和阿司匹林磷脂复合物自微乳在大鼠体内的药动学过程均符合一室模型。水杨酸在阿司匹林混悬液组和阿司匹林磷脂复合物自微乳组大鼠的c_(max)分别为(1.904±0.208)、(6.457±1.091)μg/mL,AUC_(0-12 h)分别为(12.860±1.327)、(47.270±12.860)μg/(h·mL),t_(max)分别为(2.167±0.983)、(0.917±0.540)h。与ig阿司匹林混悬液比较,ig阿司匹林磷脂复合物自微乳在大鼠体内水杨酸的c_(max)、AUC_(0-12 h)均显著增加(P<0.01),t_(max)显著减小(P<0.05),相对生物利用度为367.57%。结论:阿司匹林制成磷脂复合物自微乳后可提高水杨酸在胃肠道的吸收,相对生物利用度较高。     

和厚朴酚口服自微乳制剂的制备及药代动力学研究

目的:制备和厚朴酚(HNK)口服自微乳制剂(SMEDDS),并考察自微乳制剂促进和厚朴酚口服吸收的效果。方法:采用伪三元相图法优化自微乳制剂处方组成,稀释法评价含HNK的SMEDDS制剂的乳化效果。并以和厚朴酚混悬液(含1%CMC-Na的溶液为分散介质)为对照,考察了自微乳制剂大鼠口服给药后体内生物利用度情况。结果:由MCT,cremaphor EL和labrasol(质量比为3∶5∶2)组成的和厚朴酚自微乳制剂经去离子水稀释后可自发形成平均粒径和表面电势分别为(35.48±4.21)nm和(-2.04±0.26)mV的微乳(HNK-ME),并且在10～100倍稀释范围内乳化效果良好且性质稳定。大鼠体内的药代动力学结果表明,和厚朴酚微乳(HNK-ME)的生物利用度(AUC)为混悬剂的1.33倍,Cmax为混悬剂的1.53倍。结论:自微乳制剂可显著提高和厚朴酚的口服生物利用度。     

靛玉红及其磷脂复合物和自乳化释药系统在犬体内的药动学

目的:考察靛玉红及其磷脂复合物和自乳化释药系统在犬体内的药动学过程。方法:采用三周期交叉试验设计法,取6条健康beagle犬随机分成3组,分别服用剂量为100mg的靛玉红片、靛玉红磷脂复合物和靛玉红自乳化释药系统,用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定靛玉红的血药浓度,利用3P97软件包和统计矩方法计算主要药动学参数和相对生物利用度。结果:以靛玉红片为对照,靛玉红磷脂复合物和自乳化释药系统的相对生物利用度分别为(157±s 10)%和(162±16)%。结论:磷脂复合物和自乳化释药系统有利于改善靛玉红口服生物利用度。     

自乳化药物传递系统

自乳化药物传递系统可改善药物的口服吸收,增加其生物利用度,是克服某些脂溶性或水难溶性药物制剂困难的一种极具潜力的方法。本文综述自乳化系统的组成、质量评价指标、影响其口服吸收的因素及其在给药实践中的应用。     

辛伐他汀自微乳化释药系统在Beagle犬体内的药动学特征

目的 研究辛伐他汀自微乳化释药系统(SV-SMEDDS)在Beagle犬体内的药动学特征.方法 采用Waters OASIS[R]HLB固相萃取小柱提取样品,RP-HPLC法测定Beagle犬血浆药物浓度.双周期交叉实验设计,与辛伐他汀混悬液(SV-Sus)比较,考察单剂量灌胃给予含辛伐他汀40 mg后SV-SMEDDS的体内药动学.结果 SV-SMEDDS与SV-Sus在犬体内的药动学均符合二室模型;tmax分别为(0.84±0.26)和(0.99±0.32)h,ρmax分别为(39.73±9.11)和(28.54±7.76)μg·L-1;SV-SMEDDS相对生物利用度为184.84%(以AUC0→∞计).结论 自微乳化释药系统可以提高辛伐他汀的生物利用度.     

紫杉醇超饱和自微乳化给药系统的制备及大鼠体内药动学研究

目的:制备紫杉醇超饱和自微乳化给药系统(supersaturatable self-microemulsifying drug delivery system,S-SMEDDS),并对其在大鼠体内的药动学进行研究。方法:采用伪三元相图的方法,优化紫杉醇自微乳化给药系统(SMEDDS)的处方。18只大鼠随机分为3组,分别灌胃给予10 mg/kg紫杉醇溶液、SMEDDS和S-SMEDDS,测定紫杉醇的血药浓度c、max、AUC和tmax,计算相对生物利用度。结果:确定紫杉醇SMEDDS最优处方为:油相∶表面活性剂∶助表面活性剂=50∶33∶17。油相为Lauroglycol FCC∶橄榄油(2∶1),表面活性剂为Cremophor EL∶吐温-80(1∶1),助表面活性剂为PEG-400。S-SMEDDS在此处方基础上添加5%羟丙基甲基纤维素。稀释对制剂的粒径无显著影响。SMEDDS和S-SMEDDS的粒径分别为(92.7±47.7)和(93.6±36.8)nm,粒径分布呈高斯分布。SMEDDS和S-SMEDDS的cmax和AUC显著高于溶液剂,tmax<溶液剂,生物利用度分别为333.9%和719.3%。结论:紫杉醇S-SMEDDS的口服吸收强于溶液剂和SMEDDS。     

阿托伐他汀自微乳释药系统的制备和评价

目的制备阿托伐他汀自微乳，为自微乳释药系统的处方设计和体内外评价提供参考。方法采用伪三元相图法研究不同乳化剂、助乳化剂和油相形成微乳的能力和区域，绘制不同处方组成的相图，在此基础上制备阿托伐他汀自微乳，比较温度、介质、稀释等因素对自微乳效率的影响，进行自微乳时间、所成微乳的形态、粒径分布、zeta电位、含量和稳定性等体外评价Beagle犬体内药代动力学研究。结果理想的处方经分散后可得到平均粒径在100 nm以下、呈高斯分布的微乳，稳定性好，自微乳效率高，在Beagle犬体内的吸收明显高于市售片剂。结论本文首次研制阿托伐他汀自微乳，稳定性好，在Beagle犬体内的生物利用度高。     

喷雾干燥氯诺昔康自微乳化制剂在兔体内的生物利用度

以氯诺昔康片剂为参比制剂,考察了自制喷雾干燥氯诺昔康自微乳化制剂在兔体内的相对生物利用度.以吡罗昔康为内标,采用高效液相色谱法测定兔血浆中的氯诺昔康.6只家兔分别灌胃给予氯诺昔康的片剂或喷雾干燥自微乳化制剂,结果显示,其AUC分别为16 304和26 328 ng·h·ml-1,cmax分别为824和1788 ng/ml,tmax分别为7.0和3.0 h.配对t检验分析表明AUC和cmax具有显著性差异(P＜0.05),tmax具有极显著性差异(P＜0.01),自微乳化制剂的相对生物利用度为161.5％.     

Enhanced Oral Absorption of Paclitaxel in a Novel Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System with or Without Concomitant Use of P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel in a novel self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) for improved oral administration with or without P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitors. METHODS: Paclitaxel SMEDDS formulation was optimized, in terms of droplet size and lack of drug precipitation following aqueous dilution, using a ternary phase diagram. Physicochemical properties of paclitaxel SMEDDS and its resulting microemulsions were evaluated. The plasma concentrations of paclitaxel were determined using a HPLC method following paclitaxel microemulsion administrations at various doses in rats. RESULTS: Following 1:10 aqueous dilution of optimal paclitaxel SMEDDS, the droplet size of resulting microemulsions was 2.0 +/- 0.4 nm, and the zeta potential was -45.5 +/- 0.5 mV. Compared to Taxol, the oral bioavailability of paclitaxel SMEDDS increased by 28.6% to 52.7% at various doses. There was a significant improvement in area under the curve (AUC) and time above therapeutic level (0.1 microM) of paclitaxel SMEDDS as compared to those of Taxol following coadministration of both formulations with 40 mg cyclosporin A (CsA)/kg. The oral absorption of paclitaxel SMEDDS slightly enhanced following coadministration of tacrolimus and etoposide, but plasma drug concentrations did not reach the therapeutic level. The nonlinear pharmacokinetic trend was not modified after paclitaxel was formulated in SMEDDS. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that SMEDDS is a promising novel formulation to enhance the oral bioavailability of paclitaxel, especially when coadministered with a suitable P-gp inhibitor, such as CsA.     

Preparation and pharmacokinetics evaluation of oral self-emulsifying system for poorly water-soluble drug Lornoxicam

Abstract

The present work was performed aiming to develop a new solid self-emulsifying system (SMEDDS) for poorly water-soluble drug Lornoxicam and evaluate the bioavailability in Wister rats by oral gavage. Liquid SMEDDS of Lornoxicam was formulated with Labrafil M 1944 CS as oil phase, Kolliphor HS 15 as a surfactant and Transcutol HP as a cosurfactant after screening various vehicles. The microemulsion system selected from the phase diagram and optimized by central composite design (CCD) response surface method was transformed into solid-SMEDDS (S-SMEDDS) by lyophilization using sucrose as cryoprotectant. The formulations were further characterized by the particle size, poly dispersity index (PDI), self-emulsifying time, zeta potential, transmission electron microscope (TEM), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), in vitro drug release and in vivo pharmacokinetics. Results of DSC studies confirmed that the drug was incorporated in the S-SMEDDS. The in vitro drug release from Lornoxicam SMEDDS was found to be greatly higher in comparison with that from the commercial tablets. It was indicated that SMEDDS might be effective in reducing the effect of pH variability of Lornoxicam and improving the release performance of Lornoxicam. HPLC system was applied to study the concentration of Lornoxicam in the plasma of the Wister rats after oral administration of Lornoxicam SMEDDS and Lornoxicam commercial tablets. The pharmacokinetics parameters of the rats were C_max 1065.91?±?224.90 and 1855.22?±?748.25?ngmL^?1, T_max were 2.5?±?0.4?h and 1.8?±?0.5?h, and AUC_0～t were 5316.35?±?323.62 and 7758.07?±?241.57?ngmL^?1?h, respectively. Calculated by AUC_0～∞, the relative bioavailability of Lornoxicam S-SMEDDS was 151.69?±?15.32%. It suggested that this S-SMEDDS could be used as a successful oral solid dosage form to improve the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drug Lornoxicam as well.     

银杏酮酯口服自微乳化给药系统的药物代谢动力学分析

目的：探讨自微乳化给药系统（SMEDDS）促进银杏酮酯（GBE50）口服吸收的效果。方法采用高效液相色谱法,以其市售颗粒剂做对照,桑色素为内标,柚皮素、黄芩素、槲皮素为对照品,进行大鼠体内生物利用度研究,并利用DAS药动学软件处理血药浓度数据。结果血药浓度数据表明,市售的对照品颗粒剂与银杏酮酯口服自微乳化给药系统（GBE50-SMEDDS）对比,发现对照品颗粒剂消除半衰期（t1/2β）、药峰浓度（Cmax）和0-25 h药时曲线下面积（AUC0-25）分别为（4.327±0.768）h,（199.49±24.59） ng/ml,（240.29±24.22）mg/（h·ml） GBE50-SMEDDS则分别为（10.975±1.887）h,（221.53±46.88）ng/ml,（378.83±20.65）mg/（h·ml）,两组t1/2β、Cmax和AUC0-25比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论与市售颗粒剂相比, GBE50-SMEDDS明显提高了生物利用度,在临床上值得推广应用。     

Self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) of vinpocetine: formulation development and in vivo assessment

A new self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) has been developed to increase the solubility, dissolution rate and oral bioavailability of vinpocetine (VIP), a poor water-soluble drug. The formulations of VIP-SMEDDS were optimized by solubility assay, compatibility tests, and pseudo-ternary phase diagrams analysis. The optimal ratio in the formulation of SMEDDS was found to be Labrafac : oleic acid : Cremophor EL : Transcutol P=40 : 10 : 40 : 10 (w/w). The average particle diameter of VIP was less than 50 nm. In vitro dissolution study indicated that the dialysis method in reverse was better than the ultrafiltration method and the dialysis method in simulating the drug in vivo environment. Comparing with VIP crude drug power and commercial tablets, (-)VIP-SMEDDS caused a 3.4- and 2.9-fold increase in the percent of accumulated dissolution at 3 h. Further study on the absorption property of VIP-SMEDDS employing in situ intestine of rats demonstrated that VIP in SMEDDS could be well-absorbed in general intestinal tract without specific absorption sites. In addition, the developed SMEDDS formulations significantly improved the oral bioavailability of VIP in rats. Relative bioavailability of (-)VIP-SMEDDS and (+)VIP-SMEDDS increased by 1.85- and 1.91-fold, respectively, in relative of VIP crude powder suspension. The mechanisms of enhanced bioavailability of VIP might contribute to the improved release, enhanced lymphatic transport, and increased intestinal permeability of the drug.     

Development of novel flurbiprofen-loaded solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system using gelatin as solid carrier

To develop a novel flurbiprofen-loaded solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (solid SMEDDS) with improved oral bioavailability using gelatin as a solid carrier, the solid SMEDDS formulation was prepared by spray-drying the solutions containing liquid SMEDDS and gelatin. The liquid SMEDDS, composed of Labrafil M 1944 CS/Labrasol/Transcutol HP (12.5/80/7.5%) with 2% w/v flurbiprofen, gave a z-average diameter of about 100?nm. The flurbiprofen-loaded solid SMEDDS formulation gave a larger emulsion droplet size compared to liquid SMEDDS. Unlike conventional solid SMEDDS, it produced a kind of microcapsule in which liquid SMEDDS was not absorbed onto the surfaces of carrier but formed together with carrier in it. However, the drug was in an amorphous state in it like conventional solid SMEDDS. It greatly improved the oral bioavailability of flurbiprofen in rats. Thus, gelatin could be used as a carrier in the development of solid SMEDDS with improved oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drug.