白花前胡丙素的结构修饰研究

目的对白花前胡丙素［(+)-praeruptorin A］进行结构修饰,寻找活性化合物。方法首先从白花前胡(Peucedanum praeruptorum)根中分离得到白花前胡丙素,从白花前胡丙素出发,用碱水解及各种酰化反应,半合成各种结构修饰产物。结果得到18个(2～19)凯林内酯类化合物,通过IR,¹HNMR和MS等方法确定其结构。结论其中14个(5～18)为新化合物,这些新化合物均有不同程度的钙离子拮抗活性,但作用强度均较白花前胡丙素弱。     

流苏石斛化学成分研究流苏石斛化学成分研究

目的研究流苏石斛(Dendrobium fimbriatum)的化学成分。方法应用色谱技术进行分离纯化，用IR,MS,¹HNMR,¹³CNMR和2D-NMR技术鉴定化合物的结构，并进行初步的药理实验。结果从乙醇提取物中分得8个化合物，分别鉴定为流苏菲(1)、毛兰菲(2)、crepidatin(3)、大黄素甲醚(4)、大黄酸(5)、泽兰内酯(6)、滨蒿内酯(7)和n-octacostyl ferulate(8)。结论流苏菲为一个新化合物，对BGC人胃癌细胞有一定的抑制活性，大黄素甲醚和大黄酸为首次从石斛属植物中得到，其余均为首次从该种植物中得到。     

雷公藤中的二萜内酯类成分

目的研究雷公藤(Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.F.)的化学成分。方法应用各种色谱技术进行分离纯化，用UV，IR，¹H NMR，MS，HRMS，¹H-¹H COSY，¹H-¹³C COSY和NOESY等光谱鉴定化合物的结构。结果共分离得到4个化合物：I为16-羟基雷公藤内酯醇(16-hydroxytriptolide)，II为15-羟基雷公藤内酯醇(雷醇内酯，triptolidenol)，III为雷公藤乙素(tripdiolide)，IV为雷公藤乙素的差向异构体，命名为2-表雷公藤乙素(2-epitripdiolide)。结论化合物IV为新二萜内酯化合物。     

新型噁唑烷酮类化合物5-位侧链的结构改造及抗菌活性

目的对噁唑烷酮类化合物5-位侧链进行结构修饰与改造，并初步评价其体外抗菌活性。方法以间氟苯胺为原料，经9～12步反应合成目标化合物；采用二倍稀释法，测定目标化合物的体外抗菌活性。结果设计、合成了30个新化合物，其中目标化合物18个，其结构经^{1H NMR及MS等方法确证，11个化合物显示出不同程度的抗菌活性，化合物7a，9a和11a的活性较好。结论化合物7a，9a和11a值得进一步研究。}     

白花前胡中前胡香豆素D和前胡香豆素E的分离和鉴定

从中药白花前胡(Peucedanum Praeruptorum Dunn)根中分到5个化合物,经理化常数、波谱数据及化学反应分别鉴定为前胡香豆素D(I),Pd-Ib(II),前胡香豆素E(III),nodakenetin(IV)和scopoletin(V)。其中化合物I和III为两个新化合物,与巳知化合物凯林内酯的化学沟通确定了其绝对构型,其化学结构分别为3'(S),4'(S)-二乙酰氧基-3',4'-二氢邪蒿内酯(I)和3'(R)-惕各酰氧基-4'-酮基-3',4'-二氢邪蒿内酯(III)。化合物IV和V为首次从该植物中分离得到。通过DEPT,¹H-¹HCOSY和¹³C-¹HCOSY等实验归属了II的碳氢信号。     

长穗桑中的苯并呋喃类化合物

为了研究长穗桑中具有抗氧化活性的化学成分，采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、RP-C18等色谱方法从长穗桑茎皮的95%乙醇提取物中分离得到7个苯并呋喃类化合物：wittifuran D (1)、 wittifuran E (2)、 moracin C (3)、 moracin M (4)、 moracin P (5)、 2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,6-dihydroxybenzofuran (6)和mulberroside C (7)，并通过NMR、MS等波谱分析手段鉴定了化合物的结构。化合物1～7均为首次从该种植物中分离得到，其中化合物1和2为新化合物。对化合物3～7进行了抗氧化活性筛选，其中化合物3、4、6浓度在1×10^-5 mol·L^-1时对Fe²⁺-半胱氨酸诱导的肝微粒体脂质过氧化产生的丙二醛(malondialdehyde，MDA)的抑制率分别为73%、69%和89%。     

赤芝子实体中三萜化学成分的研究

自赤芝[Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.)Karst]的二氯甲烷溶解部分分离得到一个新的三萜内酯化合物,命名为灵芝内酯(ganolactone)。根据光谱(UV,IR,¹HNMR,¹³CNMR,MS和2DNMR)解析,确定其结构为I式。同时还从赤芝子实体中分到三个已知化合物,即灵芝醇A(ganoderiolA,II),灵芝醇B(ganoderiolB,II)和灵芝三醇(ganodermatriolIV)。     

白花地胆草中一个新的吉玛烷型倍半萜

采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱、MCI柱色谱及半制备高效液相色谱等技术手段从白花地胆草(Elephantopus tomentosus L.)全草95%乙醇提取物分离纯化得到15个化合物。依据其理化性质、光谱数据(UV、IR、NMR、MS和CD)等多种技术鉴定了化合物的结构,分别为白花地胆草内酯A (1)、柔毛地胆宁(2)、白花地胆草亭(3)、8-O-methacryloylelephanpane (4)、芹菜素(5)、苜蓿素(6)、原儿茶醛(7)、原儿茶酸甲酯(8)、咖啡酸甲酯(9)、咖啡酸乙酯(10)、(+)-(4S)-(2E)-4-羟基-2-壬烯酸(11)、E-4-羟基十六烷-2-烯酸(12)、3-吲哚甲酸(13)、3-吲哚甲醛(14)和异血红素酸(15)。其中,化合物1为新化合物,化合物5～15首次从白花地胆草中分离得到,并首次报道了化合物2的绝对构型。化合物1对小鼠胃癌细胞(SGC-7901)具有微弱的细胞毒活性。     

6种黄槿倍半萜类成分的衍生化改造和体外抗肿瘤活性研究

目的 对黄槿中6种天然倍半萜类成分进行衍生化改造,并对所得衍生物进行体外抗肿瘤活性评价,分析其构效关系。方法 选取各种芳胺对黄槿中发现的6种倍半萜成分进行席夫碱修饰,采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法考察合成的目标化合物对HeLa、HepG2和MCG-803细胞的体外抗增殖活性。结果 衍生改造了19个不同的倍半萜类衍生物,结合¹H-NMR、¹³C-NMR、HR-MS确定其结构,其中17个衍生物首次得到。部分衍生物表现出良好的抗肿瘤活性,苄胺基团对此类骨架化合物的结构修饰能够较好地提高其抗肿瘤活性。结论 部分衍生物表现出良好的抗肿瘤活性,特别对HepG2细胞活性有较大的提高,化合物12、22、23具有进一步研究价值。     

白花前胡丙素C-3′和C-4′反式结构类似物的半合成白花前胡丙素C-3′和C-4′反式结构类似物的半合成

目的对白花前胡丙素［(+)-praeruptorin A］进行结构修饰,半合成C-3′和C-4′反式结构类似物,寻找活性化合物。方法首先从白花前胡(Peucedanum praeruptorum)根中分离得到白花前胡丙素,从白花前胡丙素出发,运用碱水解及各种酰化反应,半合成各种结构修饰产物。结果首次合成了17个白花前胡丙素C-3′和C-4′反式结构类似物,通过IR,¹HNMR,MS等方法确定它们的结构。结论17个化合物均为新化合物,其中一些新化合物有显著的钙离子拮抗活性,首次证明C-3′和C-4′反式结构的这类化合物同样具有活性。     

地胆草的化学成分和药理作用研究进展

地胆草 Elephantopus scaber Linn.为菊科地胆草属植物,产于美洲、亚洲、非洲等地区及我国的南方诸省,具有清热解毒、消肿利尿之功效,用于治疗感冒、胃肠炎、扁桃体炎、咽喉炎、结膜炎、肾炎水肿、疖肿等。地胆草含有倍半萜、三萜、黄酮等成分,近年来从中发现的倍半萜内酯类成分因具有强大抗肿瘤活性而备受关注。为了更好的发掘、利用地胆草资源,该文综述了其化学成分和药理作用研究进展。     

A new elemanolide sesquiterpene lactone from Elephantopus scaber

A new elemanolide sesquiterpene lactone, named elescaberin (1), together with two known compounds, namely, isodeoxyelephantopin (2) and deoxyelephantopin (3), was isolated from the whole plant of Elephantopus scaber. The structure of 1 was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. All three compounds exhibited significant inhibitory activities against human SMMC-7721 liver cancer cells in vitro (IC(50) 8.18-14.08 micromol/l).     

Hepatoprotection by Elephantopus scaber Linn. in CCl4-induced liver injury

The efficacy of the medicinal plant Elephantopus scaber Linn. (Asteraceae), to prevent carbon teterachloride (CCI4)-induced chronic liver dysfunction in the rats was examined by determining different biochemical markers in serum and tissues. In serum, liver function marker enzymes like aspartate aminotrasferase (AST), alanine aminotrasferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and also protein were evaluated. The concentrations of total lipid, cholesterol and phospholipids were studied in serum and the different tissues. The concentration of serum triglycerides was also studied. The biochemical changes induced by CCI4 in different tissues particularly in the liver tissue improved following treatment with E. scaber Linn. The results suggest the hepatoprotective effect of this medicinal plant.     

Methodological Studies on Genomic DNA Extraction and Purification from Plant Drug Materials

本文探讨了菊科９种植物和地胆草的４种对口商品药材基因组ＤＮＡ提取与纯化的原理、方法通过对３种常用植物基因组ＤＮＡ提取方法（ＣｓＣｌ梯度超速离心法、ＣＴＡＢＣｓＣｌ梯度超速离心法和ＣＴＡＢ微量提取法）的条件摸索在ＤＮＡ产率、纯度以及提取纯化过程中影响ＰＣＲ扩增因子方面进行比较，认为ＣＴＡＢ微量提取法是植物类药材基因组ＤＮＡ一种比较省时、有效、经济的提取方法     

Neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects of quinic acids from Aster scaber in PC12 cells

Aster scaber T. (Asteraceae) has been used to treat bruises, snakebite, headache, and dizziness in traditional Chinese medicine. In the present study, the neuroprotective effect of four quinic acid derivatives from A. scaber on amyloid Abeta-induced PC12 cell toxicity was investigated. When cells were treated with quinic acid derivatives prior to Abeta, cell toxicity was significantly diminished. Among quinic acid derivatives, (-)4,5-dicaffeoyl quinic acid (1) gave the highest protection against Abeta-induced cell toxicity. In addition, the neurotrophic effects of compounds were evaluated by microscopically monitoring their potency to induce neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. Four quinic acid derivatives from A. scaber promoted neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. Interestingly, a novel quinic acid, (-)3,5-dicaffeoyl-muco-quinic acid (2) was more effective than the other compounds in promoting neurite outgrowth. Unlike nerve growth factor, the withdrawal of quinic acids did not result in any significant decrease in cell viability. The results suggest that quinic acid derivatives from A. scaber might potentially be used as a therapeutic agent in Alzheimer disease.     

Cytotoxic triterpene and sesquiterpene lactones from Elephantopus mollis and induction of apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells

Activity-guided fractionation of root and leaf extracts from Elephantopus mollis led to the isolation of a new triterpene (1) and a new sesquiterpene lactone (2) together with five known sesquiterpene lactones (3-7). The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were determined based on their spectroscopic data. The cytotoxic activity of the isolated compounds was evaluated against neuroblastoma B104 cells. The sesquiterpene lactone-type compounds 2-7 were highly cytotoxic. Among these, compound (5) was the most cytotoxic and induced apoptosis of neuroblastoma B104 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. No significant difference was observed for cytotoxicity of compound 5 towards all 3 cell lines tested.     

A new sesquiterpene lactone from Elephantopus tomentosus

A new sesquiterpene lactone, named tomenphantopin H (1), together with two known germacranolides, 2β-methoxy-2-deethoxy-8-O-deacylphantomolin-8-O-tiglinate (2) and 2-deethoxy-2-hydroxyphantomolin (3), was isolated from the whole plant of Elephantopus tomentosus Linn. The new compound was completely elucidated using a combination of 1D and 2D NMR techniques (COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) and HR-ESI-MS analyses. All compounds exhibited antibacterial activity.     

New sesquiterpene lactones from Elephantopus mollis and their leishmanicidal activities

The leishmanicidal compounds isolated from whole plants of Elephantopus mollis H.B.K. were identified as follows. Three new sesquiterpenoid lactones, 2,5-epoxy-2beta-hydroxy-8alpha-(2-methylpropenoyloxy)-4(15),10(14),11(13)-germacratrien-12,6alpha-olide, (4betaH)-8alpha-(2-methylpropenoyloxy)-2-oxo-1(5),10(14), 11(13)-guaiatrien-12,6alpha-olide and (4betaH)-5alpha-hydroxy-8alpha-(2-methylpropenoyloxy)-1(10),11(13)-guaiadiene-12,6alpha-olide, were isolated from Peruvian and Brazilian collections together with four known sesquiterpenoids, molephantin, elephantopin, isoelephantopin and 2-deethoxy-2beta-methoxyphantomolin. They exhibited potent in vitro leishmanicidal activities against Leishmania major. The alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactone moiety was found to be essential to the potent leishmanicidal effect observed.     

A new elemanolide sesquiterpene lactone from Elephantopus scaber

A new elemanolide sesquiterpene lactone, named elescaberin (1), together with two known compounds, namely, isodeoxyelephantopin (2) and deoxyelephantopin (3), was isolated from the whole plant of Elephantopus scaber. The structure of 1 was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. All three compounds exhibited significant inhibitory activities against human SMMC-7721 liver cancer cells in vitro (IC₅₀ 8.18–14.08 μmol/l).     

Hepatoprotective properties in the rat of Mitracarpus scaber (Rubiaceae).

The effect of Mitracarpus scaber on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver damage in the rat has been evaluated. Results showed that treatment with Mitracarpus scaber decoction resulted in significant hepatoprotection against CCl4-induced liver injury both in-vivo and in-vitro. In-vivo, Mitracarpus scaber pretreatment reduced levels of serum glutamate-oxalate-transaminase (P < 0.01 for 250, 500 and 1000 mg kg(-1)) and serum glutamate-pyruvate-transaminase (P < 0.05 for 250 mg kg(-1) and P < 0.01 for 1000 mg kg(-1)) previously increased by administration of CCl4. In-vitro results indicated that addition to the culture medium of Mitracarpus scaber extracts significantly reduced glutamate-oxalate-transaminase (P < 0.05 for 100 microg mL(-1) and P < 0.01 for 10 and 1000 microg mL(-1)) and lactate dehydrogenase activity (P < 0.05 for 10 microg mL(-1)). Mitracarpus treatment also resulted in a good ( > 93%) survival rate for the CCl4-intoxicated hepatocytes as demonstrated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. Moreover, as in the in-vitro assay, Mitracarpus scaber had radical-scavenging properties, shown by its reaction with the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical (EC50, the extract concentration resulting in a 50% reduction in the absorbance of DPPH blank solution, = 41.64+/-1.5 microg mL(-1)). The results of this study showed that Mitracarpus scaber had antihepatotoxic potential, a finding which supports the validity of traditional usage of this drug in Mali for the treatment of liver diseases.