HPLC法同时测定妇炎愈合剂中芍药苷、丹参酮ⅡA的含量

摘 要 目的: 建立同时测定妇炎愈合剂中芍药苷、丹参酮Ⅱ_A的方法。方法: 应用高效液相色谱法测定,色谱柱为Agilent XDB C₁₈(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱;流动相为甲醇-0.2%磷酸溶液,梯度洗脱;流速为0.9 ml·min^-1,柱温35℃;检测波长230 nm（检测芍药苷）,268 nm(检测丹参酮Ⅱ_A)。结果:丹参酮Ⅱ_A、芍药苷的线性范围分别为0.516～2.581 μg（r=0.999 3）,0.364～1.819 μg（r=0.999 6）;平均加样回收率分别为96.4%（RSD=1.14%,n=5）,96.2%（RSD=1.04%,n=5）。结论:该方法简便易行、准确、重复性好,可用于妇炎愈合剂中芍药苷、丹参酮Ⅱ_A的含量测定。     

HPLC法测定尿石通丸中夏佛塔苷和橙皮苷的含量

摘 要 目的： 建立HPLC法分离和测定尿石通丸中夏佛塔苷和橙皮苷的含量。方法: 以Agilent Zobrax SB C₁₈柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）为色谱柱,流动相为乙腈 甲醇 0.4%甲酸溶液,梯度洗脱,检测波长为272 nm,流速为1.0 ml·mim^{-1,进样量:10 μl。结果: 夏佛塔苷在0.000 6 ～0.277 2 mg·ml-1范围内线性关系良好（r=1.000 0）;橙皮苷在0.002 1～0.856 8 mg·ml-1范围内线性关系良好（r=1.000 0）。夏佛塔苷平均回收率为101.83%,RSD=0.27%,橙皮苷平均回收率为98.35%,RSD=0.41%(n=6)。结论: 本方法可用于测定尿石通丸中夏佛塔苷和橙皮苷的含量。}     

HPLC法同时测定妇科千金片中6种活性成分

摘 要 目的：建立HPLC 法同时测定妇科千金片中阿魏酸、绿原酸、盐酸小檗碱、穿心莲内酯、脱水穿心莲内酯及党参炔苷等6种活性成分,为妇科千金片质量提供保障。方法: 采用Waters XBridgeTM C₁₈柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）色谱柱;流动相为0.1%磷酸水溶液 乙腈,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 ml·min^-1;紫外检测波长为326,316,225,254,268 nm;柱温：35℃;进样量为10 μl。结果: 阿魏酸、绿原酸、盐酸小檗碱、穿心莲内酯、脱水穿心莲内酯及党参炔苷的线性范围分别为0.709～28.360 μg·ml^-1,0.459～18.350 μg·ml^-1,0.510～20.380 μg·ml^-1,1.259～50.360μg·ml^-1,0.829～33.140 μg·ml^-1,1.709～68.340 μg·ml^-1;平均加样回收率分别为99.5%,99.85%,98.8%,99.4%,98.5%,98.9%（n=6）,RSD分别为0.4%,0.1%、0.7%、0.5%、0.9%、0.4%（n=6）。结论:该方法平均回收率高、简便可行、灵敏度高、重复性好,可用于控制妇科千金片中阿魏酸、绿原酸、盐酸小檗碱、穿心莲内酯、脱水穿心莲内酯及党参炔苷的质量控制。     

HPLC法测定黄连上清片中4种成分的含量

摘 要 目的： 提高黄连上清片质量标准,建立同时测定绿原酸、栀子苷、黄芩苷、盐酸小檗碱4种成分含量的方法。方法: 采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为DiamonsilTM C₁₈(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),流动相为二元梯度系统,其中溶剂A为乙腈,溶剂B为0.3%磷酸水溶液,流速为1.0 ml·min^-1,检测波长为238 nm,柱温30℃,进样量为10 μl。结果: 绿原酸、栀子苷、黄芩苷、盐酸小檗碱的线性范围分别为8.11～81.10 μg·ml^-1(r=0.999 7)、13.08～130.80 μg·ml^-1(r=0.999 7)、10.76～107.60 μg·ml^-1(r=0.999 8)、7.92～79.20 μg·ml^-1(r=0.999 8)范围内呈良好的线性关系,平均加样回收率分别为99.19%(RSD=0.9%)、98.44%(RSD=1.1%)、99.12%(RSD=1.0%)、99.18%(RSD=1.1%)(n=9)。结论:该方法简便、准确、重复性好,可用于黄连上清片的质量控制。     

《中国药典》中桑叶含量测定项下方法的改进

摘 要 目的： 对《中国药典》中桑叶含量测定项下方法进行改进。方法: 采用HPLC法,Agilent Zorbax SB-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);流动相为乙腈-0.2%磷酸水溶液（梯度洗脱）,流速为1.0 ml·min^-1;检测波长为354 nm;柱温为30 ℃。结果: 《中国药典》2010年版桑叶含量测定项下测得的芦丁含量实为芦丁和异槲皮苷的含量之和,优化后方法可分离该两种化合物,且芦丁和异槲皮苷分别在2.76～27.60 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 9）和4.74～47.39 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 8）范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系;平均加样回收率分别为100.31% (RSD=0.83%)和100.32%（RSD=1.04%）（n=6）。结论: 优化后方法简便、稳定、重复性好,可用于桑叶的质量控制。     

HPLC法同时测定和肝利胆颗粒中栀子苷和黄芩苷的含量

摘 要 目的： 建立和肝利胆颗粒中栀子苷和黄芩苷的含量测定方法。方法: 采用高效液相色谱法,用Dionex C₁₈（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）色谱柱,以甲醇为流动相A,0.5%冰醋酸溶液为流动相B,梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 ml·min^-1,检测波长为239 nm,柱温:30℃,进样量：10 μl。结果: 栀子苷和黄芩苷与其相邻杂质峰能完全分离,栀子苷在7.890～78.900 μg·mL^-1的浓度范围内有良好的线性关系,r=0.999 9;黄芩苷在8.020～80.200 μg·mL^-1的浓度范围内有良好的线性关系,r=0.999 9。栀子苷和黄芩苷的平均回收率分别为99.8%(RSD=2.1% ,n=6）和99.5%(RSD=1.5%,n=6）。结论: 本方法简便、准确、重复性好,可用于该药的质量控制的评价。     

HPLC法测定小儿肺热咳喘口服液中绿原酸的含量

摘 要 目的: 建立测定小儿肺热咳喘口服液中绿原酸含量的方法。方法: 采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱：Agilent Eclipse XDB C₁₈（150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）;流动相：甲醇-0.5%冰醋酸溶液（20∶80）;检测波长：327 nm;流速：1.0ml·min^-1;柱温：室温;进样量：10 μl。结果:回归方程为Y=29.96X+1.684,绿原酸在2.184～218.4 g·ml^-1范围内与其峰面积线性关系良好（r=0.999 9）,平均回收率为100.90%,RSD为1.62%。结论:本方法快速、专属性强、重复性好、结果准确可靠,可用于测定小儿肺热咳喘口服液中绿原酸的含量。     

SPE-HPLC法同时测定安神补脑液中二苯乙烯苷和淫羊藿苷的含量

摘 要 目的: 建立安神补脑液中二苯乙烯苷和淫羊藿苷的含量测定方法。方法: 以XTerra RP C₁₈色谱柱为分离柱,以甲醇-水(60∶40)为流动相,检测波长：320 nm;柱温：30℃;流速：1.0 ml·min^-1;进样量：10 μl。结果:二苯乙烯苷的线性范围为10.62～127.44 μg·ml^-1,r=0.999 6,平均回收率为98.26％,RSD＝1.01％（n=6）;淫羊藿苷的线性范围为0.82～9.89 μg·ml^-1,r=0.999 7,平均回收率为98.59％,RSD＝1.33％（n=6）。结论:该方法简便、快速、准确,可用于安神补脑液中二苯乙烯苷和淫羊藿苷的含量测定。     

HPLC法同时测定肾炎四味胶囊中4种黄酮类成分的含量

摘 要 目的： 建立HPLC法同时测定肾炎四味胶囊中黄芩苷、黄芩素、汉黄芩苷、汉黄芩素等4种成分。方法: 采用Agilent ZORBAX SB-C₁₈（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）色谱柱,流动相为甲醇 0.4%磷酸溶液,梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 ml·min^-1,检测波长为278 nm,柱温为30℃,进样量为10 μl。结果: 上述色谱条件下,4种成分分离较好,黄芩苷、黄芩素、汉黄芩苷和汉黄芩素线性关系良好,线性范围分别为0.060～1.203 μgr=0.999 9、0.026～0.521 μgr=0.999 9、0.031～0.622 μg（r=0.999 8）、0.025～0.497 μg（r=0.999 6）,加样回收率分别为97.9%（RSD=1.72%）、101.8%（RSD=1.86%）、102.1%（RSD=1.35%）、99.3%（RSD=1.12%）（n=9）。结论: 本方法准确度高、重复性好,能同时测定肾炎四味胶囊中黄芩苷、黄芩素、汉黄芩苷、汉黄芩素等4种成分的含量。     

HPLC法同时测定复方紫灵胶囊中补骨脂素、异补骨脂素、大黄素和丹参酮ⅡA的含量

摘 要 目的: 建立高效液相色谱法同时测定复方紫灵胶囊中补骨脂素、异补骨脂素、大黄素和丹参酮ⅡA的含量。方法: 采用汉邦Phecda C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相为0.1%甲酸-乙腈（40∶60）,检测波长246 nm,流速为1.0 ml·min^-1,柱温;30℃,进样量:20 μl。结果:补骨脂素在5～80 mg·L^-1范围内有良好线性关系（r=0.999 3）,平均加样回收率为98.73%（RSD=2.22%）;异补骨脂素在5～80 mg·L^-1范围内有良好线性关系（r=0.999 2）,平均加样回收率为99.94%（RSD=2.59%）;大黄素在5～80 mg·L^-1范围内有良好线性关系（r=0.999 7）,平均加样回收率为100.63%（RSD=1.48%）;丹参酮Ⅱ_A在10～200 mg·L^-1范围内有良好线性关系（r=0.999 9）,平均加样回收率为99.18%（RSD=1.03%）。结论:本方法测定复方紫灵胶囊中补骨脂素、异补骨脂素、大黄素和丹参酮Ⅱ_A的含量,方法简便、准确,结果稳定,可为复方紫灵胶囊的质量评价提供科学依据。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Biochemical and molecular characterisation of cubozoan protein toxins

Class Cubozoa includes several species of box jellyfish that are harmful to humans. The venoms of box jellyfish are stored and discharged by nematocysts and contain a variety of bioactive proteins that are cytolytic, cytotoxic, inflammatory or lethal. Although cubozoan venoms generally share similar biological activities, the diverse range and severity of effects caused by different species indicate that their venoms vary in protein composition, activity and potency. To date, few individual venom proteins have been thoroughly characterised, however, accumulating evidence suggests that cubozoan jellyfish produce at least one group of homologous bioactive proteins that are labile, basic, haemolytic and similar in molecular mass (42-46 kDa). The novel box jellyfish toxins are also potentially lethal and the cause of cutaneous pain, inflammation and necrosis, similar to that observed in envenomed humans. Secondary structure analysis and remote protein homology predictions suggest that the box jellyfish toxins may act as α-pore-forming toxins. However, more research is required to elucidate their structures and investigate their mechanism(s) of action. The biological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of cubozoan venoms and their bioactive protein components are reviewed, with particular focus on cubozoan cytolysins and the newly emerging family of box jellyfish toxins.     

Dose tolerability of chronically inhaled voriconazole solution in rodents

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fungal disease of the lung associated with high mortality rates in immunosuppressed patients despite treatment. Targeted drug delivery of aqueous voriconazole solutions has been shown in previous studies to produce high tissue and plasma drug concentrations as well as improved survival in a murine model of IPA. In the present study, rats were exposed to 20 min nebulizations of normal saline (control group) or aerosolized aqueous solutions of voriconazole at 15.625 mg (low dose group) or 31.25 mg (high dose group). Peak voriconazole concentrations in rat lung tissue and plasma after 3 days of twice daily dosing in the high dose group were 0.85 ± 0.63 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.58 ± 0.30 μg/mL, with low dose group lung and plasma concentrations of 0.38 ± 0.01 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.09 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. Trough plasma concentrations were low but demonstrated some drug accumulation over 21 days of inhaled voriconazole administered twice daily. Following multiple inhaled doses, statistically significant but clinically irrelevant abnormalities in laboratory values were observed. Histopathology also revealed an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages but without inflammation or ulceration of the airway, interstitial changes, or edema. Inhaled voriconazole was well tolerated in a rat model of drug inhalation.