系统性红斑狼疮患者免疫功能与自身抗体的关系研究

目的:探讨系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者血清免疫功能相关指标(免疫球蛋白IgG、补体C3、补体C4)与自身抗体之间的关系。方法:选取94例SLE患者,81例其他自身免疫系统疾病患者及66例健康对照者分别作为SLE组、非SLE疾病组、健康对照组三组,检测各组血清自身抗体的表达。将SLE组按SLE疾病活动指数(SLEDAI)评分标准分成活动期组和稳定期组,按抗SmD1抗体、抗双链DNA(dsDNA)抗体阴阳性分别分成抗SmD1(+)组、抗SmD1(-)组、抗dsDNA(+)组、抗dsDNA(-)组,与健康对照组一起检测各组血清免疫球蛋白IgG、补体C3、补体C4水平。将以上各组指标进行比较分析。结果:与健康对照组相比,SLE组和非SLE疾病组自身抗体谱中各指标(除Jo-1外)阳性率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。SLE组中抗SmD1抗体、抗dsDNA抗体、抗核小体抗体(AuNA)、抗组蛋白抗体(AHA)、抗核糖体P蛋白(Rib-P)抗体阳性率均比非SLE疾病组高(P<0.05)。SLE活动期组血清免疫球蛋白IgG水平高于SLE稳定期组和健康对照组,而血清补体C3,C4水平低于SLE稳定期组和健康对照组(均P<0.05),SLE稳定期组血清IgG,C3,C4水平和健康对照组相比,血清补体C3,C4水平更低,IgG水平则要高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。SLE组中抗SmD1抗体、抗dsDNA抗体阳性组血清补体C3,C4水平分别低于抗SmD1抗体、抗dsDNA抗体阴性组(均P<0.05)。结论:联合检测免疫球蛋白IgG、补体C3,C4及自身抗体谱可有助于SLE的早期诊断、治疗监测及预后评估。     

系统性红斑狼疮患者血清白细胞介素-15的检测及其临床意义

目的检测系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者血清白细胞介素(IL)-15水平,并进一步分析其临床意义。方法IL-15检测采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法。结果①SLE组患者血清IL-15水平显著高于正常对照组(P<0.05),活动期SLE患者血清IL-15水平显著高于缓解期患者(P<0.05)。②发生临床肾损害者IL-15水平明显高于无肾损害者(P<0.05)。③出现抗dsDNA抗体阳性、低补体C3血症、高IgG血症者血清IL-15水平均分别显著高于无上述表现者。④活动期SLE患者血清IL-15水平与抗dsDNA抗体呈正相关关系,但与系统性红斑狼疮活动性指标(SLEDAI)无相关关系。结论SLE患者血清IL-15水平显著增高,IL-15可能参与SLE的病理生理过程;IL-15可能与SLE的肾损害有关。     

抗核小体抗体联合其他抗体检测对儿童与成人系统性红斑狼疮临床应用价值的对比研究

目的比较抗核小体抗体(AnuA)单独及与抗核抗体(ANA)、抗Sm抗体和抗双链DNA(dsDNA)抗体联合检测对儿童系统性红斑狼疮(JSLE)与成人SLE的诊断价值;探讨AnuA与JSLE和成人SLE的临床特点及SLE疾病活动指数(SLEDAI)评分的相关性并进行比校分析。方法选取141例JSLE及165例成人SLE患者,56例非JSLE及46例成人非SLE的疾病对照组,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清AnuA;收集JSLE和成人SLE患者同期临床资料及相关实验室检查结果,进行SLEDAI评分,分析JSLE和成人SLE患者AnuA与上述指标的相关性并进行比较分析。结果 JSLE与成人SLE发病性别组成差异无统计学意义。AnuA对JSLE的敏感度(74.47%)高于成人SLE组(59.39%),二者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。JSLE组AnuA与抗dsDNA抗体及抗Sm抗体联合检测敏感度分别为84.68%和83.47%,高于成人SLE组72.05%和65.99%,差异均有统计学意义。JSLE、成人SLE组AnuA与SLEDAI评分均呈正相关(r=0.239,P=0.032;r=0.125,P=0.014)。结论Aun A单独或与抗dsDNA抗体和抗Sm抗体联合检测,对JSLE诊断的敏感度均较成人SLE高。AunA与2组疾病活动度相关,为JSLE、成人SLE的诊断及疾病活动度的评估提供了又一临床应用价值。     

系统性红斑狼疮患者血清GM-CSF及其抗体的变化及意义

目的:探讨人重组粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)和GM-CSF抗体(GM-CSF Ab)水平在系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)发病中尤其是导致血液学损害发生的可能作用机制.方法:①用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定40例SLE(SLE组,按白细胞计数又分为白细胞减少组20例,白细胞正常组20例)、11例其他结缔组织病(病例对照组)及20例健康体检者(健康对照组)血清GM-CSF和GM-CSF Ab的水平;②按SLEDAI评分将SLE组分为活动期组16例,非活动期组24例,用ELISA测定两组血清GM-CSF和GM-CSF Ab的水平;③将SLE组治疗足10个月者12例用ELISA测定血清GM-CSF和GM-CSF Ab的水平进行治疗前后配对比较.④分析SLE组血清GM-CSF及GM-CSF Ab水平与临床指标(SLEDAI评分、血白细胞计数)的相关性.结果:①白细胞减少组血清GM-CSF及GM-CSF Ab水平高于白细胞正常组、病例对照组和正常对照组(P<0.05),白细胞正常组血清GM-CSF及GM-CSF Ab水平也高于疾病对照组和正常对照组(P<0.05);②活动期组血清GM-CSF及GM-CSF Ab水平高于非活动期组(P<0.05);③12例完成治疗的SLE患者治疗后血清GM-CSF及GM-CSF Ab水平低于治疗前(P<0.05);④SLE组血清GM-CSF及GM-CSF Ab水平与SLEDAI评分呈显著正相关(P<0.01),与SLE血白细胞计数呈显著负相关(P<0.05).结论:血清GM-CSF及GM-CSF Ab水平与SLE,尤其与合并血液学损害的SLE患者疾病活动性有关,可能用来作为合并血液学损害的SLE患者的生物治疗靶点.     

系统性红斑狼疮患者血清GM-CSF及其抗体的变化及意义

目的:探讨人重组粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)和GM-CSF抗体(GM-CSF Ab)水平在系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)发病中尤其是导致血液学损害发生的可能作用机制.方法:①用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定40例SLE(SLE组,按白细胞计数又分为白细胞减少组20例,白细胞正常组20例)、11例其他结缔组织病(病例对照组)及20例健康体检者(健康对照组)血清GM-CSF和GM-CSF Ab的水平;②按SLEDAI评分将SLE组分为活动期组16例,非活动期组24例,用ELISA测定两组血清GM-CSF和GM-CSF Ab的水平;③将SLE组治疗足10个月者12例用ELISA测定血清GM-CSF和GM-CSF Ab的水平进行治疗前后配对比较.④分析SLE组血清GM-CSF及GM-CSF Ab水平与临床指标(SLEDAI评分、血白细胞计数)的相关性.结果:①白细胞减少组血清GM-CSF及GM-CSF Ab水平高于白细胞正常组、病例对照组和正常对照组(P<0.05),白细胞正常组血清GM-CSF及GM-CSF Ab水平也高于疾病对照组和正常对照组(P<0.05);②活动期组血清GM-CSF及GM-CSF Ab水平高于非活动期组(P<0.05);③12例完成治疗的SLE患者治疗后血清GM-CSF及GM-CSF Ab水平低于治疗前(P<0.05);④SLE组血清GM-CSF及GM-CSF Ab水平与SLEDAI评分呈显著正相关(P<0.01),与SLE血白细胞计数呈显著负相关(P<0.05).结论:血清GM-CSF及GM-CSF Ab水平与SLE,尤其与合并血液学损害的SLE患者疾病活动性有关,可能用来作为合并血液学损害的SLE患者的生物治疗靶点.     

系统性红斑狼疮患者25(OH)D水平检测的临床意义

目的探讨系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者外周血25-羟-维生素D水平检测的临床意义。方法选择58例SLE患者为SLE组,36例健康体检者为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测两组患者维生素D水平。分析SLE患者25-羟-维生素D水平与狼疮疾病活动度(SLEDAI)评分、抗ds-DNA抗体水平及24 h尿蛋白定量、血红蛋白水平的相关性。结果 SLE组25-羟-维生素D水平为(14±7)ng/m L,显著低于对照组的(19±6)ng/m L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。SLE患者25-羟-维生素D水平与SLEDAI评分、抗ds-DNA抗体水平及24 h尿蛋白定量呈负相关(r=-0.574、-0.477、-0.548,P<0.05),与血红蛋白水平呈正相关(r=0.362,P<0.05)。结论 SLE患者25-羟-维生素D水平明显降低,且与病情活动度明显相关,25-羟-维生素D可能在SLE发病中起重要作用。     

系统性红斑狼疮患者血管生成因子的表达及临床意义

目的探讨血管生成因子中胎盘生长因子(PIGF)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者外周血的表达及相互关系。方法采用ELISA法检测54例SLE患者(SLE组)及28例健康人(对照组)血清PIGF、bFGF、VEGF的水平并分析其相关性;同时常规检测血沉、SLE活动性指数(SLEDAI)评分和补体C3等。根据SLEDAI评分,将SLE患者分为活动期组和缓解期组。结果 SLE组PIGF、bFGF、VEGF水平均明显高于对照组(P<0.05);活动期组PIGF、bFGF、VEGF及缓解期组PIGF、bFGF水平均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。活动期组PIGF、bFGF、VEGF水平与缓解期组相比无统计学差异(P>0.05)。SLE组的PIGF与VEGF、bFGF和VEGF水平均呈正相关(P<0.05),PIGF、VEGF水平与血沉、SLEDAI评分亦呈正相关。结论血清PIGF、bFGF、VEGF可能参与了SLE的发病机理。     

糖尿病大鼠血清FT3、FT4水平的变化及胰岛素、氨基胍干预的试验研究

目的:探讨糖尿病(DM)大鼠血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)水平的变化及胰岛素、氨基胍的干预作用.方法:高脂饲料喂养联合链脲佐菌素制备DM大鼠68只,随机分为DM组22只、胰岛素干预组(DI组)23只、氨基胍干预组(DA组)23只,设正常对照组(NC组)20只,成模12周末留取血清,应用放射免疫方法检测各组血清FT3、FT4水平.结果:DM组血清FT3、FT4分别为(1.05±1.03)pmol/L和(9.93±6.85)pmol/L,均低于NC组的(2.07±1.61)pmol/L和(18.34±8.76)pmol/L(P<0.05),DI组、DA组血清FT3分别为(1.74±1.17)pmol/L和(2.26±1.58)pmol/L、Fr4分别为(16.32±5.42)pmol/L和(16.95±6.15)pmol/L,均显著高于DM组(P<0.05),与NC组差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05).结论:高糖毒性可能通过非酶糖基化通路导致血清FT3、FT4水平的下降.     

系统性红斑狼疮血清Hcy水平与病情严重程度的相关性研究

目的探讨系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与病情严重程度的相关性。方法收集我院近3年收治的80例系统性红斑狼疮患者,根据患者病情分为活动性SLE组(35例)和非活动性SLE组(45例),选取正常患者40例为对照组,分析血清Hcy水平与病情严重程度相关性。结果血清Hcy水平在三组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中SLE活动组和SLE非活动组水平高于对照组,SLE活动组高于SLE非活动组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);SLE活动组SLEDAI评分高于SLE非活动组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);经过Pearson相关分析显示血清Hcy和SLEDAI评分呈现明显正相关关系(r=0.564,P<0.05)。结论血清Hcy水平与病情严重程度呈现正相关关系,患者病情越严重Hcy水平越高。     

系统性红斑狼疮患者血脂异常的临床意义

【摘要】 目的探讨系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者血脂变化及其与病情活动度和肾脏受累的关系。方法常规方法检测105例SLE组和60例对照组三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL)的水平,间接免疫荧光法检测抗双链(ds)DNA抗体,并对SLE患者进行活动度评分和肾脏受累情况的评估。结果 SLE组血清中TG水平高于对照组,HDL水平低于对照组(P<0.01),2组LDL水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);SLE活动组TG水平高于非活动组,HDL水平低于非活动组(P<0.01或P<0.05),2组LDL水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);TG和LDL水平与SLE活动指数(SLEDAI)积分呈正相关,HDL与SLEDAI积分呈负相关(r分别为0.53、0.27及-0.62);dsDNA(+)组TG水平高于dsDNA(-)组,HDL水平低于dsDNA(-)组(P<0.01或P<0.05),2组LDL水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);肾脏受累组中TG水平高于非肾脏受累组,而HDL水平低于非肾脏受累组(P<0.01),2组LDL水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 SLE患者的血脂异常与疾病活动度和肾脏受累有关.     

N-phenylpiperazine derivatives with hypocholesterolemic activity

A series of new 4-(4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(acyloxy)-1-butanones and 4-aryl-5-[omega-(4-aryl-1-piperazinyl)alkyl]-1,3-dioxol-2-ones were synthesized and tested preliminarily for hypolipemic activity. Plasma cholesterol-lowering activity in normal rats was found especially in several dioxolones, two of the most active compounds (6 and 8) being more potent than clofibrate. 4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-5-[2-(4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)ethyl]-1,3-dioxol- 2-one (8, LR-19,731) has been selected for clinical trials.     

CYP2D6 is associated with Parkinson's disease but not with dementia with Lewy Bodies or Alzheimer's disease

The similarities between the clinical and pathological findings of dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) with Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are complex, and their significance for pathogenesis is unresolved. It is likely that DLB shares common disease determinants with both Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Clinically DLB shows the presence of dementia similar, though not identical, to that found in Alzheimer's disease. A parkinsonian movement disorder is present in a proportion of DLB cases. Pathologically DLB shows senile plaques, as with Alzheimer's disease, and also substantia nigra neurone loss and Lewy bodies, as with Parkinson's disease. At a genetic level, DLB shows an elevated Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 frequency as described in Alzheimer's disease, but this is absent in Parkinson's disease. An elevated frequency of the CYP2D6*4 allele has been found in Parkinson's disease and we have therefore genotyped a large series of clinically and neuropathologically confirmed cases of DLB, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and age-matched control individuals for the CYP2D6*4 allele. Whilst an elevated frequency of the CYP2D6*4 allele was found in Parkinson's disease, no such elevations were found in DLB or Alzheimer's disease. Stratification of the CYP2D6*4 allele with respect to the Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 also did not show any significant associations with the CYP2D6*4 allele. The CYP2D6*4 allele is not a major genetic determinant of DLB and the results place DLB with Alzheimer's disease rather than Parkinson's disease on a genetic level.     

More stable and reliable pharmacokinetics with preprandial administration of cyclosporine compared with postprandial administration in patients with refractory nephrotic syndrome

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the absorption profile of cyclosporine after preprandial administration with that after postprandial administration, and to determine which administration time resulted in a more stable absorption profile and the timing of the drug concentration that was the most reliable marker for monitoring drug absorption. DESIGN: Prospective analysis. SETTING: University teaching hospital in Japan. PATIENTS: Sixteen patients with refractory nephrotic syndrome. INTERVENTION: Thirteen patients received cyclosporine after breakfast (postprandial group) and eight received the drug 30 minutes before breakfast (preprandial group). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Blood cyclosporine concentration was measured 5 times serially: before administration (C 0 ) and at 1-hour intervals until 4 hours after administration of cyclosporine (C 1 -C 4 ). Also, area under the concentration-time curve from 0-4 hours (AUC 0-4 ) was calculated. Of the 13 patients in the postprandial group, six (46%) showed fair absorption and exhibited a peak concentration at C 1 or C 2 (high-absorption pattern); seven (54%) showed poor absorption and did not reach the peak concentration within the 4-hour period (low-absorption pattern). Five of the seven patients with the low-absorption pattern were switched from postprandial to preprandial administration. All patients in the preprandial administration group showed a high-absorption pattern and reached the peak cyclosporine concentration at C 1 . The C 2 value showed the best correlation with AUC 0-4 in both groups, and the C 0 parameter did not correlate with AUC 0-4 in either group. CONCLUSION: Preprandial administration provided a more stable absorption profile of cyclosporine compared with postprandial administration. From the correlation with AUC 0-4 , we concluded that C 2 , and not C 0 , is a reliable marker for monitoring cyclosporine exposure.     

Factors associated with initial treatment response with antidepressants in bipolar disorder

Introduction

Controversy in antidepressant (AD) use in bipolar depression relies in its potential induction of mood switches and ineffectiveness. Responders to acute AD add-on treatment maintain response with continued treatment, whilst partial/non-responders fail to reach remission despite continuation treatment. We aimed to identify response predictors to acute AD addition in bipolar depression in order to optimize treatment choice in bipolar depression and avoid unnecessary AD exposure of people unlikely to respond.

Methods

Two hundred and twenty-one DSM-IV-TR depressed bipolar - type I and II - patients were treated with AD on an observational study. AD response was defined as an at least 50% drop from baseline of their HDRS17 score after 8 weeks of treatment. One hundred and thirty-eight patients (138, 62.4%) fulfilled response criteria (RI) whilst 83 patients (37.6%) did not (NRI). In all cases AD therapy was on top of previously prescribed stabilizers and/or atypical antipsychotics.

Results

RI patients were more likely to have had previous response to ADs, whereas NRI had a higher number of previous mood switches with ADs during past depressive episodes. Psychotic symptoms were more frequent amongst RI, whilst lifetime history of atypical depression was more frequent amongst NRI. NRI had more total, depressive, and hypomanic, but not manic or mixed, episodes in the past than RI. Analyzed through a logistic regression, higher previous response to ADs and lower rate of past hypomanic episodes in RI were the variables explaining intergroups (RI vs. NRI) differences.

Discussion

Taking into account the proper caution in the use of Ads in bipolar disorder, there is a subgroup of bipolar patients who might benefit from adjunctive Ads. Looking at specific clinical factors during the course of the illness could help physicians in deciding whether to use an antidepressant in a bipolar depressed patient already treated with mood stabilizers.     

硒酵母联合左旋甲状腺素治疗淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎临床研究

目的 探讨硒酵母联合左旋甲状腺素治疗淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎的临床效果.方法 选取我院2011年12月至2012年12月收治的淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎患者112例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和治疗组,每组56例.对照组给予左旋甲状腺素口服,1 -2 μg/（kg·d）;治疗组在对照组基础上给予硒酵母口服,100 μg/次,2次/d.比较两组患者临床疗效,治疗前后血清甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体（TPOAb）、甲状腺球蛋白抗体（TGAb）、促甲状腺素（TSH）、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT3）、游离四碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT4）及外周血T细胞亚群水平变化情况.结果 对照组和治疗组患者临床治疗总有效率分别为62.50％、85.71％,治疗组显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;对照组患者治疗后TPOAb、TGAb、TSH、FT3和FT4分别为（217.55±26.74）U/mL、（89.26±10.37）U/mL、（7.86±1.54） mU/L、（3.96±1.14） pmol/L、（11.31±1.42） pmol/L;治疗组分别为（124.24±18.10） U/mL、（67.05±8.16） U/mL、（4.75±0.72）mU/L、（5.29±1.50） pmol/L、（17.46±3.54） pmol/L,两组患者治疗后TPOAb、TGAb、TSH、FT3和FT4水平均显著优于治疗前,且治疗组患者治疗后改善程度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;对照组患者治疗后CD4/CD3、CD8/CD3和CD4/CD8分别为（30.63 ±4.55）％、（24.45±3.75）％、（1.74±0.45）％;治疗组分别为（44.19±5.38）％、（27.13±4.25）％、（1.20±0.41）％;对照组患者治疗前后外周血T淋巴细胞亚群水平比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;治疗组患者治疗后外周血T淋巴细胞亚群水平均显著优于治疗前和对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 硒酵母联合左旋甲状腺素治疗淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎,可显著降低抗甲状腺蛋白水平,保护正常甲状腺组织.     

New renin inhibitors with hydrophilic C-terminus

Four new peptide-based renin inhibitors, Boc-Phe(4-OMe)-MePhe-AHPPA-epsilon Ahx-EA (11), Boc-Phe(4-OMe)-MeLeu-AHP-PA-epsilon Ahx-EA (15), Boc-Phe(4-OMe)-MePhe-Sta-epsilon Ahx-EA (20) and Boc-Phe(4-OMe)-MeLeu-Sta-epsilon Ahx-EA (21) have been synthesized in search of structures with improved biological properties. They were designed as compounds with moderate hydrophobicity (5.28, 4.79, 4.79 and 4.30), respectively. All synthesized inhibitors were resistant to chymotrypsin activity, all were poorly soluble in buffers pH 2.0 and pH 7.4. The inhibitory potency of renin activity in vitro of 11, 15, 20 and 21 expressed as IC50 was 7.0 x 10(-4), 7.5 x 10(-5), 6.0 x 10(-4) and 2.5 x 10(-4) M/l, respectively.     

Acute pancreatitis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors

Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors are approved for use in monotherapy or in combination therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus for <1 decade. However, numerous reports of DPP-4 inhibitors induced acute pancreatitis were made through the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System, and this led to a revision in the prescribing information for these drugs. Therefore, this study is designed to evaluate DPP-4 inhibitors induced acute pancreatitis via the spontaneous adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reporting system in a medical center. In four of 2305 ADR cases, it is suspected that DPP-4 inhibitors induced moderate to serious acute pancreatitis. Beyond drugs, other factors also contribute to acute pancreatitis and affect the possibility of ADRs assessed using the Naranjo algorithm. Finally, our results indicate that the incidence of DPP-4 inhibitors induced acute pancreatitis is low.     

十六角蒙脱石和奥美拉唑合用治疗幽门螺旋杆菌感染的消化性溃疡

目的：探索十六角蒙脱石和奥美拉唑合用的抗幽门螺旋杆菌（ＨＰ）与抗消化性溃疡的疗效。方法：将８５例经胃镜及ＨＰ检查证实的ＨＰ阳性消化性溃疡病人随机分为３组。Ａ组３２例口服十六角蒙脱石３ｇ，ｔｉｄ，加奥美拉唑２０ｍｇ，ｑｄ。Ｂ组２８例服十六角蒙脱石３ｇ，ｔｉｄ。Ｃ组２５例服奥美拉唑２０ｍｇ，ｑｄ。疗程均为４ｗｋ。治疗前、疗程结束时及结束４ｗｋ后分别做胃镜和ＨＰ检查。结果：Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ３组溃疡愈合率分别为９４％，７８％和８８％，Ｐ＞０．０５。ＨＰ根除率分别为６２％，３２％和４％，Ｐ＜０．０５或０．０１。结论：联合用药的ＨＰ根除率高于２药单独使用。但对消化性溃疡疗效，２药联合与单独用药无显著差别。     

Increased ACTH concentrations associated with cholecystokinin tetrapeptide-induced panic attacks in patients with panic disorder.

Preclinical findings on the role of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) in stress and anxiety, on the interaction of CRH and cholecystokinin (CCK) in modulating anxiety, as well as the blunted corticotropin (ACTH) response to CRH in panic disorder suggest that CRH may play a role in panic disorder. To further characterize the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system in panic disorder, we compared patients with and without CCK tetrapeptide (CCK-4) induced panic attacks. Twenty-four patients with panic disorder were given injections of CCK-4 (25 micrograms). Panic attacks, psychopathological changes, as well as ACTH and cortisol secretion were recorded. Fifteen of the 24 patients experienced a panic attack after CCK-4. ACTH secretion was significantly higher in the patients with CCK-4-induced panic attacks than in those without such attacks. The patients without CCK-4-induced attacks had a brief but less pronounced increase in ACTH concentrations. Cortisol concentrations were not significantly increased after CCK-4 administration. The increased ACTH concentrations suggest that the activation of the HPA system in CCK-4-induced panic attacks plays a physiological role. CRH may be involved in experimentally-occurring and perhaps in naturally-occurring panic attacks as well.     

Reactions of 4-halogeno-N,N-dimethylaniline-N-Oxide with hemoglobin

Summary Incubation with ferrihemoglobin or ferricytochrome c transforms 4-bromo-N,N-dimethylaniline-N-oxide (BrDANO) into 4-bromo-N,N-dimethylaniline, 4-bromo-N-methylaniline, and 2-dimethylamino-5-bromo-phenol. In a secondary reaction 4-bromo-N-(4-bromophenyl)-6-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-1,3-phenylenediamine (U) was formed from 2-dimethylamino-5-bromo-phenol and 4-bromo-N-methylaniline. The products were isolated and identified, the structure of (U) was elucidated.It has been found that the formation of ferrihemoglobin by BrDANO is an autocatalytic reaction, ferrihemoglobin being the catalyst. BrDANO reacts with the catalyst resulting in the named products. 2-Dimethylamino-5-bromo-phenol oxidizes hemoglobin in the presence of oxygen. Thereby the catalyst ferrihemoglobin increases, which in turn increases the transformation of BrDANO to ferrihemoglobin forming derivates, This cycle explains the autocatalytic character of the production of ferrihemoglobin by BrDANO. The primary products of the reaction between 4-fluoro-N,N-dimethylaniline-N-oxide (FDANO) or 4-chloro-N,N-dimethylaniline-N-oxide (ClDANO) with cytochrome c, 4-fluoro- and 4-chloro-N,N-dimethylaniline, 4-fluoro- and 4-chloro-N-methylaniline, 2-dimethylamino-5-fluorophenol, and 2-dimethylamino-5-chloro-phenol were isolated and identified. The reactions between N,N-dimethylaniline-N-oxide (DANO), BrDANO, ClDANO, FDANO, and hemoglobin from blood of various species were studied. BrDANO and ClDANO accelerate the formation of ferrihemoglobin in solutions of hemoglobin from beef and dog blood much more effectively than DANO and FDANO.Abbreviations BrDANO 4-bromo-N,N-dimethylaniline-N-oxide - ClDANO 4-chloro-N,N-dimethylaniline-N-oxide - FDANO 4-fluoro-N,N-dimethylaniline-N-oxide - DANO N,N-dimethylaniline-N-oxide - BrMA 4-bromo-N-methylaniline - BrDMA 4-bromo-N,N-dimethylaniline - DMABrP 2-dimethylamino-5-bromo-phenol - DMAClP 2-dimethylamino-5-chloro-phenol - DMAFP 2-dimethylamino-5-fluoro-phenol - U 4-bromo-N-(4-bromophenyl)-6-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-1,3-phenylenediamine