厌氧菌介导的肿瘤靶向自杀基因系统对鼠黑色素瘤B16-F10细胞的杀伤作用研究

目的 构建婴儿双歧杆菌介导的胞嘧啶脱氨酶/5-氟胞嘧啶(CD/5-FC)肿瘤基因治疗系统,探讨该系统对小鼠黑色素瘤细胞B16-F10的体外杀伤效应.方法 构建重组质粒pGEX-CD,以电穿孔法转化婴儿双歧杆菌,筛选阳性克隆菌,然后加入5-FC厌氧培养,24 h后取其上清液,作用于小鼠黑色素瘤B16-F10细胞,采用MTT法检测细胞存活率,并观察细胞形态学改变.结果 成功构建出婴儿双歧杆菌介导的CD/5-FC肿瘤基因治疗系统.与空白对照组和pGEX组相比,CD组肿瘤细胞发生了明显的形态学改变,细胞存活率明显降低.结论 婴儿双歧杆菌介导的CD/5-FC系统对小鼠黑色素瘤B16-F10细胞具有明显的体外杀伤效应.     

酵母菌胞嘧啶脱氨酶/5-氟胞嘧啶基因治疗系统对K562 B细胞杀伤效应的初步研究

目的:克隆酵母菌胞嘧啶脱氨酶(YCD)基因,观察YCD/ 5氟胞嘧啶(YCD/5-FC)系统对转基因肿瘤细胞的杀伤效应.方法:扩增YCD基因并构建YCD基因重组逆转录病毒载体;载体转染包装细胞获得高滴度病毒并转染高致瘤细胞K562 B,筛选并鉴定阳性转基因克隆;以MTT法检测5-FC对YCD转基因细胞的杀伤效应,测定转基因细胞裂解产物对5-FC→5-FU的转化.结果:PCR法扩增出全长YCD基因,经测序证实序列正确;构建了MSCV-YCD-IRES-EGFP 逆转录病毒载体 ,载体转染包装细胞ФNX-A,获得滴度为3.5×106 CFU/ml的逆转录病毒;病毒转染K562 B,转染率为30％,经筛选获得转基因阳性克隆YCD-K562 B,RT-PCR检测显示YCD-K562 B有YCD 基因的 mRNA表达,其细胞裂解产物可使5-FC转化为5-FU,表明其有CD酶活性;MTT法检测低浓度5-FC(15 μmol/L)作用 96 h对YCD-K562 B有明显的杀伤效应.结论:YCD/5-FC系统对转基因肿瘤细胞有明显的杀伤效应.     

婴儿双歧杆菌介导的CD/5-FC自杀基因系统对黑色素瘤的抑瘤实验

目的 观察婴儿双歧杆菌介导的胞嘧啶脱氨酶／5-氟胞嘧啶(CD／5-FC)自杀基因系统对黑色素瘤的体内、外抑瘤效果。方法 含重组CD基因的婴儿双歧杆菌中加入5-FC．厌氧条件下培养24h后取其上清液．加到黑色素瘤B16-F10细胞上．观察其对细胞形态及细胞生长抑制率的影响;建立小鼠黑色素瘤动物模型,尾静脉注入含重组CD基因的婴儿双歧杆菌,腹腔注入5-FC,观察携带重组CD基因的婴儿双歧杆菌联合5-FC对黑色素瘤肿瘤体积及肿瘤体积倍增时间的影响。结果 ①体外实验：实验组肿瘤细胞形态显示出显著的损伤性改变,细胞生长受到明显抑制．而对照组肿瘤细胞影响不大。②小鼠黑色素瘤动物模型实验结果显示,经重组婴儿双歧杆菌联合5-FC治疗21d．实验组肿瘤倍增时间明显长于对照组．其肿瘤体积明显小于对照组．且随着观察时间的延长,这种差异越显著。结论 婴儿双歧杆菌介导的CD／5-FC自杀基因系统对黑色素瘤具有明显的抑瘤效果。     

hTERT启动子调控腺病毒介导的CD基因治疗卵巢癌的实验研究

目的:构建人端粒酶逆转录酶(hTERT)启动子驱动的含胞嘧啶脱氨酶(CD)基因的复制缺陷型腺病毒载体,使CD基因只能在端粒酶阳性的细胞表达.方法:采用细胞内同源重组法构建出hTERT启动子调控的携带CD基因的复制缺陷型腺病毒Ad-hTERTp-CD,经PCR鉴定正确后进行扩增、纯化和滴度测定.分别将腺病毒感染人卵巢癌细胞株SKOV3及人胚肺成纤维细胞,MTT法检测受染细胞的存活率.结果:构建的重组腺病毒中带有hTERT启动子及CD基因.用不同滴度的重组腺病毒以及不同浓度的5-FC作用于SKOV3细胞后,MTT法检测到细胞的存活率随着病毒滴度和5-FC浓度的增加而不断降低;而同样的处理对人胚肺成纤维细胞的也有部分杀伤作用,但远较SKOV3细胞弱,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论:本实验构建的由hTERT启动子调控的携带CD基因的复制缺陷型腺病毒Ad-hTERTp-CD对SKOV3细胞具有靶向杀伤的能力.     

腺病毒介导的CD基因在人胰腺癌细胞中的靶向性表达

【目的】探讨腺病毒介导的大肠杆菌胞嘧啶脱氨酶 (E .coliCD)基因在胰腺癌细胞中靶向性表达的可能性及其作用。【方法】将含癌胚抗原 (carcinoembryonicantigenCEA)启动子的重组腺病毒感染人胰腺癌SW1990细胞 (CEA )、Capan 2细胞 (CEA-)和人宫颈癌Hela细胞 ,观察CD基因在 3种细胞中的表达及细胞对 5 FC的敏感性差异。【结果】腺病毒介导CD基因仅在SW1990细胞中呈专一性表达 ,转导CD基因的SW1990细胞对 5 FC的敏感性明显提高。【结论】含CEA启动子的CD基因疗法可能是胰腺癌靶向性基因治疗的可行途径。     

hTERT启动子调控的CD基因对卵巢癌细胞株的选择性杀伤作用研究

目的探讨由人端粒酶逆转录酶(hTERT)启动子驱动的含胞嘧啶脱氨酶(CD)基因的复制缺陷型腺病毒对卵巢癌细胞的选择性杀伤作用。方法将自行构建的由hTERT启动子调控的携带CD基因的重组腺病毒分别感染人卵巢癌细胞株SKOV3及人胚肺成纤维细胞,通过MTT法检测受染细胞的存活率,观察分析腺病毒载体对细胞的杀伤作用。结果用不同滴度的重组腺病毒以及不同浓度的5-FC作用于SKOV3细胞后,MTT法检测到细胞的存活率随着病毒滴度和5-FC浓度的增加而不断降低;而同样的处理对人胚肺成纤维细胞的也有部分杀伤作用,但远较SKOV3细胞弱,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论本实验构建的复制缺陷型腺病毒Ad-hTERTp-CD对SKOV3细胞具有靶向杀伤的能力。     

婴儿双歧杆菌介导的CD和UPRT联合5-FC基因疗法对黑色素瘤的体外治疗实验研究

目的 采用婴儿双歧杆菌为载体,探讨尿嘧啶磷酸核糖转移酶基因(UPRT)对胞嘧啶脱氨酶/5-氟胞嘧啶(CD/5-FC)自杀基因系统抗瘤作用的增强效应.方法 构建原核表达质粒pGEX-UPRT,以电穿孔法将该质粒转化入婴儿双歧杆菌,筛选阳性重组菌并鉴定.采用MTT法检测表达的UPRT是否可以与CD产生抗瘤协同作用,并观察细胞形态学改变.结论 重组婴儿双歧杆菌可以正确表达UPRT.体外MTT检测显示CD UPRT组细胞存活率低于对照组(P＜0.01),且可使B16-F10鼠黑色素瘤细胞对5-FC的杀伤敏感性(IC50＝0.015 μmol/mL)提高,是CD组(IC50＝0.127 μmol/mL)的8.5倍.形态学观察CD UPRT组肿瘤细胞显示出明显的损伤性改变,细胞生长受到明显抑制,而UPRT组和CD组变化明显不如前者.结论 婴儿双歧杆菌联合转导UPRT基因可明显增强CD/5-FC自杀基因系统对鼠黑色素瘤细胞B16-F10的杀伤作用.     

厌氧菌介导的CD/5-FC系统对鼠黑色素瘤的杀伤效应

目的 构建婴儿双歧杆菌介导的CD/5-FC肿瘤基因治疗系统,探讨该系统对小鼠黑色素瘤细胞B16-F10的体外杀伤效应. 方法 构建重组质粒pGEX-CD,以电穿孔法转化婴儿双歧杆菌,筛选阳性克隆菌,然后加入5-FC厌氧培养,24h后取其上清,作用于小鼠黑色素瘤B16-F10细胞,采用MTT法检测细胞存活率,并观察细胞形态学改变. 结果 成功构建出婴儿双歧杆菌介导的CD/5-FC肿瘤基因治疗系统.与对照组和pGEX组相比,CD组的肿瘤细胞发生了明显的形态学改变,细胞存活率明显降低. 结论 婴儿双歧杆菌介导的CD/5-FC系统对小鼠黑色素瘤B16-F10细胞具有明显的体外杀伤效应.     

婴儿双歧杆菌介导的CD／UPRT双自杀基因系统对黑色素瘤细胞的杀伤作用

目的探讨尿嘧啶磷酸核糖转移酶基因（UPRT）对胞嘧啶脱氨酶／5-氟胞嘧啶（CD／5-FC）自杀基因系统抗瘤作用的增强效应。方法构建重组质粒pGEX-UPRT,以电穿孔法转化婴儿双歧杆菌,筛选出阳性克隆菌,加入5-FC厌氧条件下培养24h后取其上清,加到B16-F10细胞培养液中,采用MTT法检测细胞生存率,并观察细胞形态学改变。结果阳性克隆菌可正确表达UPRT基因。与对照组比较,CD组、UPRT组及CD／UPRT组细胞存活率均明显下降;与CD组及UPRT组比较,CD／UPRT组细胞存活率明显降低。且CD／UPRT组肿瘤细胞显示出明显的损伤性改变,而CD组、UPRT组变化不如前者。结论婴儿双歧杆菌介导的UPRT基因可明显增强CD／5-FC系统对鼠黑色素瘤细胞B16-F10的杀伤作用。     

腺病毒介导融合双自杀基因治疗膀胱癌

目的 探讨腺病毒介导胞嘧啶脱氨酶（CD）和胸苷激酶（TK）融合双自杀基因系统对膀胱癌治疗作用并与单基因系统作比较。方法 利用含有CD-TK双自杀融合基因及绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）基因的复制缺陷腺病毒作载体，PCR检测CD、TK及E1基因。建立C57BL／6同系膀胱癌Mb49皮下移植瘤模型，观察肿瘤注射腺病毒联合丙氧鸟苷（GCV）或／和5-氟胞嘧啶（5-FC）治疗后肿瘤体积及组织学变化。结果 PCR可检测到腺病毒DNA中含CD及TK基因、无E1基因。腺病毒注射联合GCV、5-FC、GCV＋5-FC治疗后，肿瘤体积与对照组相比明显缩小（P=0.00），腺病毒注射联合GCV＋5-FC有协同作用（P=0．04），优于腺病毒注射联合GCV以及腺病毒注射5-FC。基因治疗后肿瘤细胞大片坏死．对照组细胞形态无变化。结论 腺病毒介导CD-TK融合双自杀基因联合GCV或／和5-FC能有效治疗膀胱癌，融合双自杀基因CD-TK／（GCV＋5-FC）系统对膀胱癌治疗有协同作用，其效果优于CD-TK／GCV或CD-TK／5-FC系统。     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Notes for contributors to Journal of Nanjing Medical University

Journal of Nanjing Medical University (English Edition) JNMU, sponsored by Nanjing Medical University, was established in 1987. It is a bimonthly comprehensive English medical journal published locally and abroad.Since 2007, Journal of Nanjing Medical University (English Edition )was granted Elsevier the full publishing and distribution rights worldwide for the Electronic Edition, excluding the People's Republic of China.     

Acute and mid-term results of pecutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

Objective: To assess the acute and mid-term results of cardiac function improvements and left ventricular outflow tract gradient (LVOTG)changes in 30 patients displaying hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) treated with percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation (PTSMA). Methods: PTSMA was intended for 32 patients comprising of 13 women and 19men (average years being 54.1 ± 15.5) to be treated in accordance with the following inclusion criteria: The New York Heart As-sociation(NYHA) definition for cardiac functional class Ⅲ or Ⅳ , or class Ⅱ but for whom medical therapies were not tolerated or with syncope; intraventricular septal (IVS) and left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW) hypertrophy asymmetrically associated with ratio of IVS to LVPW≥1.3 and LVOTG≥50 mm Hg at rest or ≥100 mm Hg at provocation (Valsalva maneuver). The target vessels were determined by coronary arteriography that demonstrated more than one septal branch and probatory balloon occlusion produced greater than 50% decrease of LVOTG. Once the target vessel established, the alcohol was administrated into septal ventricular via over-the-wire balloon. LVOTG was assessed by means of echocardiography measurements immediately after procedure and 3 months. Simultaneously, cardiac function class was also evaluated. Results: Two patients were abandoned prior to intervention due to inappropriate septal target vessels and DDD Pacemakers were chosed. Immediately after the procedure, resting LVOTG was reduced from 73.8 ± 35.5 to 16.6 ± 7.8 mmHg, at provocation LVOTG from 149.3 ± 42.5 to 61.9 ± 43.0 mmHg(P ＜0.0001 each) by echocardiography measurements. After 3 months, the mean New York Heart Association class was reduced from 2.8 ± 0.6 to 1.1 ± 1.0(P ＜ 0.0001) and the LVOTG also remained decrease(28.5 ± 6.4 mmHg at rest and 75.3 ± 11.6 mmHg at provocation). Conclusion: PTSMA is a promising nonsurgical technique for relief of symptoms and reduction of LVOTG in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.     

HOUSE DUST MITE ALLERGEN （Derp1 AND Blot5） LEVELS IN ASTHMATICS＇ HOME IN HONGKONG

Objective To measure Derpl and Blot5 allergen levels in asthmatics' homes in Hongkong.Methods Seventy houses were enrolled for a mite indoor environment study. Dust samples were obtained from two sites of each patients' house: bed and floor. Derpl and Blot5 levels were quantified by a two-site monoclonal antibody-based ELISA technique.Results The levels of Derpl allergens found in bed (geometric mean (GM) 3.43 μg/g of dust; 95%CI, 1.89-4.96 μg/g)and on the floor (GM 1.12 μg/g of dust; 95%CI, 0.71-1.53 μg/g) indicated significant differences (P=0.005). However, the levels of Blot5 allergens found in bed (GM 19.00 μg/g of dust; 95%CI, 0.89-38.90 μg/g) and on the floor (GM 6.14 μg/g of dust; 95%CI, 0.40-11.90 μg/g) showed no statistically significant difference. In addition, in regards to the exposure index for Derpl and Blot5 allergens found in bed and on the floor, 17.6% in bed and 8.6% on the floor had levels of Blot5 ≥ 10 μg/g of dust, higher than those obtained for Derp1 (7.2% and 0% in bed and on the floor respectively, P＜ 0.05); higher percentages in bed and on the floor (25.0% and 35.7%) were observed for levels of Blot5 =0 μg/g of dust as compared with Derpl in bed and on the floor (4.3% and 14.5% respectively, P＜ 0.05).Conclusions Derpl and Blot5 are the major allergens found in this regional study, Blot5 is a more potent allergen in Hongkong, probably reflecting the high level of exposure to Blomia tropicalis (Bt). Bt and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp) allergens should be included for precise diagnosis and effective immuno-therapeutic treatment of mite allergy in Hongkong.     

ANTI-PROLIFERATION EFFECT OF ORIDONIN ON HL-60 CELLS AND ITS MECHANISM

Objcetive To investigate the anti-proliferation effect of oridonin on leukemic HL-60 cells and its mechanism. Methods HL-60 cells in vitro in culture medium were given different concentrations of oridonin. The inhibitory rate of cells were measured by microculture tetrazolium (MTT) assay, cell apoptotic rate was detected by flow cytometry (FCM), morphology of cell apoptosis was observed by hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining, and the activity of telomerase was detected using telomere repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) PCR-ELISA before and after apoptosis occurred. Results Oridonin could decrease telomerase activity, inhibit growth of HL-60 cells, and cause apoptosis significantly. The suppression was both in time- and dose-dependent manner. Marked morphological changes of cell apoptosis including condensation of chromatin and nuclear fragmentation were observed clearly by hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining especially after cells were treated 48-60 hours by oridonin. Conclusions Oridonin has apparent anti-proliferation and apoptotic effects on HL-60 cells in vitro, decreasing telomerase activity of HL-60 cells may be one of its most important mechanisms. These results will provide strong laboratory evidence of oridonin for clinical treatment of acute leukemia.     

Effects of plasma treatment time on modification of acrylic denture material

Objective：To study the relationship between plasma treatment time acrylic resin denture material in the size of 2 mm × 10 mm × 10 mm. and efficacy. Methods：Test specimens were prepared from an Plasma treatment was carried out on the surface of Polymethyl methacrylate（PMMA） at different time. XPS studies, IR spectra studies and measurement of wetting angle were performed. Results： XPS showed the peak corresponding to C-O getting higher as the treatment proceeded, however at 120 seconds, the peak did not increase any longer and partly crossed with the peak at the duration of 60 seconds. IR spectra showed the wave corresponding to C-H was reduced as O2-plasma treatment proceeded, and then changed little, Wetting angle initially decreased dramatically, however, as the reaction proceeded, wetting angle increased slightly. Conclusion：Equilibrium was reached for introducing oxygen-containing groups and changing of C-H. As the treatment proceeded, wetting angle increased slightly.