32种中草药提取物体外抗骨肉瘤作用的筛选

目的对32种巾草药进行初步抗骨肉瘤的体外筛选实验，为中药标准化和治疗骨肉瘤提供依据。方法应用MTT法测定各中药提取物对U2OS细胞株增殖活性的影响，检测其抑制骨肉瘤细胞的剂量效应关系：应用形态学观察、FCM及AnnexinV法测定筛选m的中药水提取物对U2OS细胞的凋亡作用。结果32种中草药提取物中蟾酥、牛胆粉等对骨肉瘤U2OS细胞株具有增殖抑制作用，深入研究表明蟾酥、牛胆粉水提取物对U2OS细胞具有促进凋亡作用，其中以蟾酥促进凋广作朋最为明瞳：结论通过对32种中草药进行筛选，发现蟾酥、牛胆粉等对骨肉瘤细胞株U20S的增殖有抑制作用，为进一步开展抗骨肉瘤中草约有效成分的筛选及体内动物研究提供实验依据。     

知母等40种中药对猪晶状体醛糖还原酶的抑制作用

醛糖还原酶在糖性白内障和其它糖尿病并发症的发病中起着关键性的作用。，为从大量中草药及其化学成份中筛选有效低毒的醛糖还原酶抑制剂，建立了猪晶状体ＡＲ的测定方法，其研究了知母等４０种中药水提取液对ＡＲ的抑制作用发现知母对ＡＲ有较强的抑制作用，基ＩＣ５０为１９ｍｌ／Ｌ。     

珍珠草具有抗乙肝病毒作用

广西医科大学一项国家科研课题：从“中草药中筛选抗乙肝病毒中药”前不久结题。课题组从200种中草药中筛选，发现仅珍珠草等2种中草药具有抗乙肝病毒作用。     

恶性肿瘤放射治疗增敏中草药研究进展

放疗是治疗恶性肿瘤的最常用的方法之一，由于掩体内存在程度不同的抗辐射乏氧细胞u及正常组织对放射线的耐受程度，使得放射线的作用不能充分得到发挥，要克眼这个障碍，必须提高肿活细胞对放射线的敏震性。通过近十年研究发现，某些中草药能增加肿旧的放射敏感性，与放疗结合可提高其疗效。现将放射用缴中草药的筛选途径、药物特点、临床、实验研究及研究趋势阐述如下。1放射塔敬中草药筛选途径及药物特点从目前研究资料分析，放射增散中草药的筛选主要为以下两种途径：①基源于中医临床及理论基础．根据患者的“虚”、“瘀”、“痰”、“…     

知母等40种中药对猪晶体醛糖还原酶的抑制作用

醛糖还原酶（ＡＲ）在糖性白内障和其它糖尿病并发症的发病中起着关键性的作用。为从大量中草药及其化学成份中筛选有效低毒的醛糖还原酶抑制剂（ＡＲＩ），建立了猪晶状体ＡＲ的测定方法，其研究了知母等４０种中药水提取液对ＡＲ的抑制作用。发现知母对ＡＲ有较强的抑制作用，其ＩＣ５０为１９ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

基于雌激素受体从传统中药库中筛选治疗乳腺癌的小分子拮抗剂

目的:运用计算机虚拟筛选技术从传统中药数据库(TCMSP)中寻找雌激素受体α(Estrogen receptorα,ER-α)的中药小分子拮抗剂。方法:以ER-α为靶点,运用分子对接技术进行首轮筛选,然后基于靶点与药物相互作用位点进行第二轮筛选,最后运用ADME/T预测进行第三轮筛选。结果:以原配体(他莫昔芬)为阳性对照,筛选出2个类药性良好的天然小分子化合物,它们与ER-α亲和力及相互作用基团均优于他莫昔芬(临床治疗乳腺癌的药物),并且确定了它们的中草药来源。结论:成功建立一整套高通量虚拟筛选ER-α拮抗剂的策略,该研究结果可促进从传统中药库中提取、设计以及实验合成新的治疗女性复发转移乳腺癌及用作乳腺癌手术后转移辅助治疗的药物。     

从齐墩果酸结构分析抗肝细胞损伤的作用机制

肝炎在我国发病率较高，严重危害着人们的身体健康。利用中草药治疗肝炎已是医药界一个不容忽视的领域。很多学者曾对1000种中草药抑制乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原做了实验研究，从中筛选出有效中草药127种，对其中28种高效中草药还做了品种鉴定工作，其最佳药效顺序为云实、酸浆、地耳草、桑寄生、马尾松、木通、过路黄、知母、柿蒂、连翘［1］。在这些中草药中大都含有齐墩果酸这一有效成分。据报道齐墩果酸具有消炎、强心、利尿和抑制S180痛株生长的作用［2～4］。又有研究证明齐墩果酸有较明显的降低谷一丙转氨酶和退黄作用，并能改善受损肝…     

心绞痛的研究进展

<正> 近年来有关心绞痛的研究进展较大。本文仅就其中较为重要的几个问题综合文献加以叙述。前列腺素与心绞痛前列腺素(PG)与动脉硬化、心肌梗塞、心绞痛相关的研究,近年非常受到重视,并取得了可喜的成果。心脏合成PG主要合成部位是在有磷酸脂酶的冠脉血管,而非心肌。在血管壁上,由花生四烯酸径PCH_2合成为前列环素(PGl_2)。它很不稳定,具有强力血管扩张作用和血小板聚集作用。其终末产物是较稳定的6-酮-GI1α(6-Keto-PGI1α)。另一方面,当血管壁损伤时,当血管壁损伤时,血小板粘附于核处,从其致密体和α颗粒中释放出二磷酸腺苷、血清素。同时因环氧化酶     

中草药活性成分对实验性糖尿病降糖效果的研究进展

近年来，中草药活性成分对实验性糖尿病降血糖作用的研究不断深入。作者根据化学结构将中草药活性成分分成多糖类、皂甙类、生物碱类、多肽和氨基酸类、萜类等，并对其最新研究状况加以阐述。     

116种中草药对白念珠菌的抑菌实验

用出芽实验和琼脂扩散法筛选抗白念珠菌中草药。同时作５０％乙醇浸提液与水溶液对照试验，从１１６种中草药中筛选出对白念珠菌具有抑菌作用的药物共３８种，其中前法筛选出有效药物３１种，后法筛选出２１种，两法均有效者１４种两种浸剂对照试验结果表明，除少数药物外，５０％乙醇沉剂与水溶液对白念珠菌的作用无显著差别。     

Diabetes mellitus: An overview on its pharmacological aspects and reported medicinal plants having antidiabetic activity

Diabetes mellitus is not a single disease but is a group of metabolic disorders affecting a huge number of population in the world. It is mainly characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, resulting from defects in insulin secretion or insulin action. It is predicated that the number of diabetes person in the world could reach upto 366 million by the year 2030. Even though the cases of diabetes are increasing day by day, except insulin and oral hypoglycemic drugs no other way of treatment has been successfully developed so far. Thus, the objective of the present review is to provide an insight over the pathophysiological and etiological aspects of diabetes mellitus along with the remedies available for this metabolic disorder. The review also contains brief idea about diabetes mellitus and the experimental screening model with their relevant mechanism and significance mainly used nowadays. Alloxan and streptozotocin are mainly used for evaluating the antidiabetic activity of a particular drug. This review contain list of medicinal plants which have been tested for their antidiabetic activity in the alloxan induced diabetic rat model. From the available data in the literature, it was found that plant having antidiabetic activity is mainly due to the presence of the secondary metabolite. Thus, the information provided in this review will help the researchers for the development of an alternative methods rather than insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, which will minimize the complication associated with the diabetes and related disorder.     

妊娠期糖尿病的研究进展

妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）是指在妊娠期发生或首次发现的糖尿病。普及开展GDM筛查并采用新诊断标准,可早期诊断和干预GDM,对减少母儿近远期并发症具有重要意义。现就妊娠期糖尿病的研究进展进行综述。     

抗2型糖尿病药物研究新进展

糖尿病主要表现为高血糖及微血管并发症,主要分为1型和2型糖尿病,其中2型糖尿病占糖尿病患者的90%⁹5%。近年来糖尿病药物的研究取得了较大进展,出现了很多新型的抗糖尿病药物,如二肽基肽酶4抑制剂、胰高血糖素样肽1类似物、钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2抑制剂和白细胞介素1受体拮抗剂等。该文就抗2型糖尿病药物研究新进展予以综述。     

治疗2型糖尿病新靶点药物研究新进展

目前的2型糖尿病（T2DM）临床治疗药物种类繁多,噻唑烷二酮类、磺酰脲类、双胍类及胰岛素等传统降糖药物的降糖机制与安全性存在差异。近年来各种关于治疗T2DM的新靶点药物层出不穷,葡萄糖激酶激动剂、多重肠促胰岛素激动剂、胰高血糖素受体拮抗剂等新靶点药物通过不同机制逐渐满足临床个性化的治疗要求。本文对当前T2DM新靶点药物的研究进展进行综述,并分析各类新靶点药物临床研究的优、劣势,以期为T2DM临床治疗提供基础指导。     

从心血管结局看降糖药物治疗的新进展

糖尿病患者发生冠心病的风险较非糖尿病患者明显升高,且心血管疾病是2型糖尿病患者最主要的致死原因。传统降糖药物尽管降糖疗效显著,但缺乏对心血管结局的良好评估。新型降糖药物经过大型临床试验确保了疗效和对心血管结局的安全性。本文从降糖药物对心血管结局影响的角度,介绍传统降糖药物及新型降糖药物在糖尿病治疗中的心血管安全性,指出某些新型降糖药物如钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2抑制剂（SGLT-2i）和胰高血糖素样肽1受体激动剂（GLP-1RAs）在2型糖尿病患者中具有良好心血管保护作用,其治疗地位在多项指南中得到提升,成为2型糖尿病合并心血管疾病患者的重要选择。本文结合多项国内外最新临床证据对糖尿病治疗药物对心血管结局的影响进行分析、总结,以期为临床医疗工作者制定糖尿病治疗策略提供参考。     

Hypertension and diabetes mellitus

Hypertension is extremely common in patients with diabetes mellitus. In type 1 diabetes it usually signifies the onset of nephropathy. Tight control of hypertension in diabetes has shown to decrease the complications like ischaemic heart disease and renal failure thereby reducing the morbidity and mortality. Management of hypertension in diabetes include weight reduction, dietary restriction of sodium, adequate intake of potassium and calcium, regular exercise, cessation of smoking and drug therapy. Many type 2 diabetic patients require more than one drug for good blood pressure control. Even though many of the hypotensive drugs are effective in diabetic patients, ACE inhibitors have an edge over the other drugs in view of its favourable effect on the accompanying co-morbid conditions.     

Delineation on Therapeutic Significance of Transporters as Molecular Targets of Drugs

Transporters are membrane proteins mediating permeation of organic and inorganic solutes through the plasma membrane and membranes of intracellular organella. They play essential roles in the epithelial absorption and cellular uptake of nutrients as well as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs. Because transporters contribute to determining the distribution of compounds in the body in concert with metabolic/synthetic enzymes, the drugs that affect the functions of transporters are expected to alter the distribution of compounds in the body and to ameliorate disrupted homeostasis. In this context, drugs targeting transporters have been used clinically. Such drugs include antidepressants targeting monoamine transporters, diuretics targeting inorganic ion transporters of renal tubules, and uricosuric agents targeting renal urate transporters. Now new transporter-targeting drugs designed based on post-genome drug development strategy have been in the process of clinical trials or basic/clinical researches. For example, the inhibitors of renal Na+/glucose cotransporter SGLT2 have been proved for their efficacy in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The cancer L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) has been considered as a target of cancer diagnosis and therapeutics. The transporter-targeting drugs are expected to provide new rationale in the therapeutics of various diseases.     

妊娠期糖尿病患者产后血糖筛查研究进展

妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）指妊娠前糖代谢正常,妊娠期才出现的糖尿病。近年来GDM的发病率在全球范围持续上升,已成为威胁妇女健康的重要公共卫生问题。既往研究已证实GDM患者是未来患2型糖尿病的危险人群,而低成本的干预措施可有效预防糖尿病的发展,因此产后进行血糖筛查非常重要。国内外多个学术组织相继推出了产后血糖筛查指南,但各指南的建议不尽相同,患者的依从性普遍偏低,而造成筛查率低的原因有很多（患者缺乏血糖筛查意识、医生未告知以及各科室之间缺乏沟通等）。为了提高GDM患者的产后血糖筛查率,各国研究者们进行了多种尝试,但效果不甚理想。本文从GDM患者产后血糖筛查相关指南、GDM患者产后血糖筛查依从性以及促进GDM患者进行产后血糖筛查的方法三方面进行综述,以期为改善GDM患者产后血糖随访管理提供参考。     

大豆异黄酮对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶的抑制作用

[目的 ]研究大豆异黄酮类对α 葡萄糖苷酶 (EC 3.2 .1.2 0 )和α 淀粉酶 (EC 3.2 .1.1)的抑制作用 ,以期为揭示大豆异黄酮类在糖尿病中的作用及机理提供依据 .[方法 ]以C18柱层析和高效液相色谱法分离大豆异黄酮类 ,以薄层色谱法、高效液相色谱法和核磁共振检测各组分 ,并用比色法测定各单体组分对酵母α 葡萄糖苷酶和猪α 胰淀粉酶的抑制活性 .抑制酶活性 5 0 %时所需的抑制剂浓度定义为半抑制浓度 .[结果 ]大豆异黄酮具有很强的α 葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用 ,其半抑制浓度值为 2 0～ 15 0μmol/L,其中金雀异黄素的为最强 ,而大豆异黄酮葡萄糖苷形式对α 葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性较其游离配糖体形式为弱 ,其半抑制浓度值为 2 0 0～ 6 0 0 μmol/L .大豆异黄酮及其糖苷形式均具有α 淀粉酶抑制作用 ,当抑制剂浓度为 1g/L时 ,对α 淀粉酶的抑制率为 10 %～ 2 0 % .大豆异黄酮的丙二酰葡萄糖苷形式则无α 葡萄糖苷酶和α 淀粉酶抑制作用 .[结论 ]大豆异黄酮类具有α 葡萄糖苷酶和α 淀粉酶抑制活性 ,且呈剂量依赖性 .表明 ,食用富含异黄酮类的大豆及其制品对改善非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病症状、防止血糖升高有利     

Diabetes mellitus in India: The modern scourge

India has a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus and the numbers are increasing at an alarming rate. In India alone, diabetes is expected to increase from 40.6 million in 2006 to 79.4 million by 2030. Studies have shown that the prevalence of diabetes in urban Indian adults is about 12.1%, the onset of which is about a decade earlier than their western counterparts and the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes is 4–6 times higher in urban than in rural areas. The risk factors peculiar for developing diabetes among Indians include high familial aggregation, central obesity, insulin resistance and life style changes due to urbanization. Screening for gestational diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance among pregnant women provides a scope for primary prevention of the disease in mothers as well as in their children. The problems of obesity and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (important predisposing factors) are not confined to adults alone but children are also increasingly getting affected. Most long standing macro and micro vascular complications are also more common among Indian diabetics as compared to other races and ethnic groups. A strong familial clustering of diabetic nephropathy among Indian Type 2 diabetics has also been noted. Clustering of cardiovascular risk factor like Syndrome X is common among urban Indians. The rising incidence of diabetes and its complications are going to pose a grave health care burden on our country. Timely effective interventions/measures and screening tests for complications at the time of diagnosis becomes imperative not only for early detection, but also to prevent progression to end stage disease. Screening for gestational diabetes among pregnant women would also go a long way in primary prevention of the disease. Life style changes/interventions and drugs like rosiglitazone are the current strategies that can prevent and/or delay the onset of diabetes. Simple interventional strategies like “Eat less, Eat on time and Walk more” can go a long way in preventing these chronic disorders among present as well as in the future generations.