消毒因子的协同作用

<正> 消毒中物理因子、化学因子单独作用,对微生物能产生一定的杀灭作用,但是,据文献报道,如果将两种因子或多种因子联合作用,则可以大大提高杀灭效果,现将所得资料综述如下:1 物理因子与化学因子的协同1.1 微波与化学因子的协同     

产褥感染相关炎症因子研究进展

产褥感染发展过程中,炎症反应是重要的特征,是机体对感染的保护性反应,但过度炎症反应会影响机体防御能力,增加产褥感染的风险.炎症因子参与产褥感染的发展,其失衡造成机体免疫功能下降,为致病菌侵袭生殖道创造条件.目前,关于产褥感染相关炎症因子的研究不断增多,涉及的炎症因子包括促炎因子和抑炎因子,如C反应蛋白、白细胞介素-6等...     

核因子kappa B的结构与功能研究进展

核因子kappaB是一种重要的核内转录因子，在细胞炎性反应、免疫反应以及细胞凋亡等过程中起着举足轻重的作用。自10多年前被发现开始，其结构、功能及作用机制就一直是研究的热点。作者就近年来在核因子kappaB结构和功能上的研究进展作一回顾，并简要介绍核因子kappaB的抑制因子和辅转录因子及其与其他转录因子之间的相互作用。     

急性脑卒中患者血浆因子Ⅶ的测定及其临床意义

目的:①观察长沙地区成人血浆因子Ⅶ(FⅦ)的正常参考范围。②研究FⅦ与脑卒中的关系。方法:用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定FⅦ:Ag,以重组可溶性组织因子法检测FⅦa和以一期法测定FⅦ:C。结果:①长沙地区献血员血浆中FⅦa为2.0±0.7ng/ml,FⅦ:C为99±17％,FⅦ:Ag为93±20％,并且老年人的FⅦa与FⅦ:C高于献血员的含量(P<0.05)。②急性出血性脑卒中患者血浆FⅦa和FⅦ:C明显高于健康老年人对照(P<0.01),并且FⅦ的三个比值均有所升高。然而急性缺血性脑卒中患者血浆FⅦa、FⅦ:Ag和FⅦ:C与健康老年人比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但FⅦa/FⅦ:Ag与FⅦa/FⅦ:C比值均有一定程度增高。结论:①国人血浆FⅦa可能低于西方人。②急性脑卒中患者体内血浆呈高凝状态,并且出血性脑卒中者重于缺血性脑卒中者。     

因子Ⅷ、Ⅸ抑制物的诊断与处理

抑制物是一种可中和凝血因子活性的抗体。当血友病A或血友病B患者输入了外源性因子Ⅷ或Ⅸ时，便可引起抗因子Ⅷ、抗因子Ⅸ的同种抗体产生。在非血友病的病人亦可能会产生因子Ⅷ抑制物的自身抗体，但此处不作讨论。     

晚发性维生素K缺乏症一例

病例摘要男婴,2月,患儿因反复面肌抽动一周,在院外针刺治疗后针眼渗血半天住院。第一胎,足月顺产,生后单纯母乳喂养,家族中无出血病史。入院查体:736.5℃,P140次/min,R40次/min,营养、发育均一般。神志清,反应好,     

原发性高血压患者血浆组织因子途径的变化

凝血与抗凝系统失衡所导致的血栓前状态与高血压的并发症——动脉粥样硬化的发生关系密切。随着凝血两阶段，即外源性凝血(组织因子)途径启动，内源性凝血途径维持学说的确立，组织因子途径的作用日益受到学者的关注，但组织因子途径与高血压的相关性报道国内外少见。本研究旨在观察原发性高血压患者血浆组织因子途径的变化，为高血压并发症的防治提供新的依据。     

颅脑损伤的继发性损伤因子和保护因子

随着社会的发展,颅脑损伤的发病率和死亡率不断上升,已经成为发达国家青少年的第一死因,对颅脑损伤的研究也逐渐被重视。颅脑损伤分为原发性损伤和继发性损伤,     

Treatment of inflammatory myopathies

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, notably polymyositis and dermatomyositis are comparatively uncommon diseases and few randomised, double blind placebo controlled trials have been done. Final validation of measures to assess outcome and response to treatment is awaited. Corticosteroids are an effective initial treatment, although rarely tested in randomised controlled trials. Unfortunately, not all patients respond to them and many develop undesirable side effects. There is thus a need for second line agents notably immunosuppressives or intravenous immunoglobulin. There are no defined guidelines or best treatment protocols agreed internationally and so the medical approach must be individualised, based on the severity of clinical presentation, disease duration, presence of extramuscular features, and prior therapy and contraindications to particular agents. There is still a significant percentage of non-responders (around 25%) and clinical relapses. Novel therapeutic approaches are now directed towards cytokine modulation and the use of monoclonal antibodies targeting B and T cells.     

Management of inflammatory bowel disease

Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease result from an interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Only one gene, NOD2/CARD15, has been clearly identified; a minority of people with alteration of this gene develop Crohn's disease. The NOD2/CARD15 protein is thought to be involved in defence against intracellular bacteria. This supports the idea that Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis result from altered immunological responses to the normal intestinal flora. Life expectancy is normal in ulcerative colitis and nearly so in Crohn's disease, but both conditions cause considerable morbidity. Approximately 80% of patients with Crohn's disease eventually require surgery, and about 25% of patients with ulcerative colitis require colectomy. Treatment of ulcerative colitis is generally by corticosteroids for acute disease and mesalazine for maintenance, but the range of therapies for Crohn's disease is expanding. Alternative therapies include immunosuppressives, enteral nutrition, antibiotics, anti-TNF antibody (infliximab), corticosteroids, and surgery. High dosages of corticosteroids may provide symptomatic relief in Crohn's disease but do not affect the long term natural history of the disease, and management strategies should avoid using steroids whenever possible.     

NLRP3炎症小体及其下游炎症因子在动脉粥样硬化炎症反应中的作用

目的：探讨NLRP3炎症小体及其下游炎症因子在动脉粥样硬化炎症反应中的作用。方法选择氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)作用于人单核细胞系THP-1,经Western blot法检测NLRP3及其下游炎症因子半胱天冬酶-1(Caspase-1)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)和白介素-18(IL-18)的表达;并采用SiRNA技术下调空白处理组(Blank组)和ox-LDL处理组NLRP3基因表达,分别检测以上指标。结果与空白处理组相比,50 mg/L、100 mg/L、150 mg/L的ox-LDL作用于单核细胞后可促进NLRP3的表达,NLRP3下游的Caspase-1、IL-1β和IL-18表达水平与NLRP3表达一致,表达也均明显升高,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。NLRP3小干扰RNA (SC-45469)转染后,Blank组与ox-LDL组的NLRP3及其下游炎症因子Caspase-1、IL-1β和IL-18的表达均有显著下降(P<0.05);而转染后Blank组与ox-LDL组各指标下降率组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 NLRP3炎症小体参与动脉粥样硬化发生发展的过程,其可能通过改变ox-LDL的表达水平,诱发炎症相关因子Caspase-1、IL-1β和IL-18的分泌来调节, NLRP3炎症小体具有成为临床上防治动脉粥样硬化的新靶点的重要潜力。     

Myoglobinemia in inflammatory myopathies

Myoglobin was detected in the sera of patients with dermatomyositis, polymyositis, scleroderma, and systemic lupus erythematosus (LE) with active myopathy. Overall, myoglobinemia was detected in 74.1% of sera taken from patients with active myositis before therapy, with slightly greater frequency in the groups with dermatomyositis and polymositis. With steroid therapy, this frequency fell to 43.4% and to 9.5% in patients in clinical remission not requiring therapy. Serum enzyme (creatine phosphokinase, lactic dehydrogenase, and SGOT) activity was higher in samples containing myoglobin, but there was considerable overlap between those with and without myoglobinemia. Sequential serum determinations in six patients demonstrated rapid reduction in the levels of serum myoglobin with therapy, usually before enzyme values had returned to normal. In one patient followed up for 30 months, myoglobinemia correlated with clinically observed exacerbations of rash and weakness to a greater degree than did enzyme determinations.     

Managing pelvic inflammatory disease

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) describes the clinical features of sexually transmitted pelvic infection ranging from acute salpingitis to salpingo-oophoritis and ultimately pelvic abscess. Intra-tubal adhesions and pelvic adhesive disease are the long-term sequelae of PID which may lead to both sub-fertility and tubal ectopic pregnancy. Laparoscopy is the definitive diagnostic modality, but is invasive and not suitable for routine clinical practice especially in the primary care setting. Ascending infection by Neiserria gonorrhoea, Chlamydia trachomatis and less commonly bacterial vaginosis and mycoplasma have been traditionally associated as causative pathogens in PID. As polymicrobial infections are being implicated in PID before culture and sensitivity results are available empirical treatment based on clinical guidelines is justified initially. Pre-emptive testing and treatment for woman at increased risk of chlamydia has been shown to reduce the risk of PID by up to two-thirds. It is imperative that medical practitioners have low thresholds for testing and treatment of both sexually active young women and men.     

眼眶炎性假瘤的CT表现

眼眶炎性假瘤又称特发性眼眶炎症。发病机制不明目前较多认为是一种自身免疫性疾病。其对皮质激素及免疫抑制敏感支持。该病是引起成人单眼突出的常见原因。现收集我院2006年5月-2009年8月诊断明确的21例眼眶炎性假瘤的临床及CT资料,总结报告如下。     

炎症因子与子宫内膜异位症相关性的研究

目的：探讨子宫内膜异位症与慢性低度炎症性疾病之间的相关性。方法选用ELISA的方法检测60例卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿患者和60例卵巢单纯性囊肿患者的术前和术后2月血清中NF-κB、TNF-α和hs-CRP的表达水平。结果卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿患者血清中的NF-κB、TNF-α、hs-CRP浓度比卵巢单纯囊肿患者高,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）。卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿患者手术前血清中的NF-κB、TNF-α、hs-CRP浓度比手术后2个月血清中浓度高,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）。 NF-κB与TNF-α、NF-κB与hs-CRP、TNF-α与hs-CRP的表达水平呈正相关,有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）。结论 NF-κB、hs-CRP和TNF-α与子宫内膜异位症有一定相关性。     

Endobronchial inflammatory pseudotumor of the lung

Inflammatory pseudotumor (also called plasma cell granuloma, histiocytoma and x-anthofibroma) is a benign, slow growing lesion which may present with cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis and unresolving pneumonia or can be discovered radiographically as a localised lesion. It has been reported in individuals up to 70 years old, but approximately two-thirds have developed in individuals under 30 years of age. The sex incidence is approximately equal. Inflammatory pseudotumors of the lung are usually peripheral lesions but may occasionally be endobronchial. We report the case of an endobronchial inflammatory pseudotumor in a 17-year-old girl who presented with unresolving right-sided pneumonia. Appropriate radiological, bronchoscopic and histopathological investigations lead to accurate pre-operative diagnosis and early complete surgical resection through a limited right main bronchus incision (bronchotomy). The patient made good postoperative recovery and an excellent prognosis is anticipated.