获得性免疫缺陷综合征患者抗病毒治疗后耐药基因变异分析

3例人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）-1阳性患者。采集血浆，设计针对HIV-1全长蛋白酶基因和部分逆转录酶基因（40-250aa）引物，RT—PCR法扩增模板RNA，PCR产物序列测定后，用HIVdb软件进行HIV-1耐药突变相关位点的分析；流式细胞术检测患者外周血CD4^＋／CD8^＋T淋巴细胞数，核酸序列扩增实验（NASBA）进行外周血病毒负荷的测定。     

病毒核酸检测在血液筛查中的应用

目的:探讨病毒核酸检测技术在血液筛查中的应用效果。方法:选择血清学检测为阴性的献血者为研究对象,选择PCR-微流芯片、ROC HE PCR-ELISA、实时荧光PCR方法、转录依赖的扩增技术(CHIRON TMA)等多种方法对研究对象进行HCV RNA、HBV DAN、HIV-1 RAN检测,如果献血者的乙肝为阳性,则应进行乙肝两对半标志物和ALT追踪检测,如果献血者为丙肝核酸阳性,则应进行HBV DNA、HCV RNA、抗-HCV和ALT病毒载量的追踪检测。结果:共检测血液样本4521份,其中HBS AG(-)、HBV DNA阳性共2例,总阳性率为0.047%;未检出HIV-1 RNA阳性,追踪检测2例HBS AG(-)、HBV DNA阳性样本显示,1例表现为窗口期特征,1例存在血清转换现象;HBV DNA阳性者进行追踪检查发现,ALT正常。追踪检测1例ANTI-HCV(-)、HCV RNA阳性者,结果显示ALT上升明显,为典型窗口期献血。结论:在血液筛查中应用病毒核酸检测技术,能让血液安全性得以有效提升。     

核酸检测技术在血液筛查中的应用研究

目的大样本、多方法调查深圳地区无偿献血人群中乙肝、丙肝和艾滋病病毒血清学阴性者的核酸阳性率,探讨在我国血液筛查中引进核酸扩增技术的必要性,了解和分析献血者血清学阴性核酸阳性感染状况。方法采用大样本数调查,应用ROCHE PCR-ELISA、PCR-微流芯片、实时荧光PCR方法和CHIRON TMA(转录依赖的扩增技术)多种方法对血清学检测阴性的献血者进行HBV DNA、HCV RNA和HIV-1RNA检测,对乙肝阳性献血者追踪检测ALT和乙肝两对半标志物,对丙肝核酸阳性献血者追踪检测ALT及抗-HCV及HBV DNA和HCV RNA病毒载量。结果共对141288人份血样进行了检测,检出HBsAg(-)、HBV DNA阳性28例,总阳性率为0.020%,其中21例为anti-HBc阳性,占0.015%。HIV-1RNA未检出阳性,17例HBsAg(-)、HBV DNA阳性样本追踪发现,9例发生了血清转换现象,4例呈窗口期特征,所有追踪的HBV DNA阳性献血者ALT检测结果正常。1例anti-HCV(-)、HCV RNA阳性献血者追踪发现为典型窗口期献血,ALT显著升高。结论应采用高灵敏度的核酸扩增技术筛查血液中的乙肝和丙肝病毒,可提高血液安全。     

3种国产丙型肝炎病毒核酸定量与罗氏试剂检测性能的初步评价

目的评价3种国产丙型肝炎病毒核酸（HCV RNA）定量试剂检测性能。方法应用已批准上市占国内市场50%以上的3种国产HCV RNA定量检测试剂,瑞士Roche公司COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan HCV Test定量试剂,分别检测经Ortho和DiaSorin公司抗-HCV EIA试剂,CHIRON公司RIBA HCV 3.0SIA及MP Biomedicals Asia Pacific Pte公司确证试剂检测判定的139份抗-HCV阳性及165份抗-HCV阴性血浆样本。采用SPSS 16.0统计学软件,用χ2检验对4种HCV RNA定量试剂阳性检出率进行分析。结果 304份临床样本检测中,3种（A、B、C）国产HCV RNA定量试剂的阳性检出率显著低于瑞士Roche公司的HCV RNA定量试剂阳性检出率（11.51%、12.83%、14.80%vs 26.97%,χ2值分别为23.38、19.08、13.63,P〈0.01）,国产A、B、C试剂的阳性检出率较为一致（χ2值为1.47,P〉0.05）。国产HCV RNA定量试剂漏检样本的HCV RNA载量小于50IU/ml。以罗氏试剂检测HCV RNA水平为依据,国产试剂检测抗-HCV阴性样本的检出与HCV RNA水平不相关（即高值和低值均有检出）。结论应提高国产HCV RNA定量试剂的灵敏度和线性检测范围。     

1型HIV感染多重PCR检测方法的建立及临床应用

目的建立检测人免疫缺陷病毒1型(HIV-1)的多重巢式PCR(nPCR)和多重反转录PCR(RT-PCR)方法。将其与已经上市的NASBA法试剂盒进行检测敏感性比较;探讨血浆RNA水平对PCR检测敏感性的影响;评价该方法用于我国HIV-1感染者诊断的价值。方法针对HIV-1的gag、pol和gp41区设计3套引物,建立检测HIV DNA的多重nPCR和检测HIVRNA的多重RT-PCR方法;分别以建立的PCR方法和NASBA法对119例HIV阳性患者进行检测,比较2者的检测敏感性;将患者分为不同的病毒载量组,比较PCR方法在各组患者中的检测敏感性差异;使用建立的PCR方法对10例可疑急性感染者进行检测;扩增HIV-1膜区C2-C3段,对nPCR检测阳性的43例DNA样本进行亚型鉴定。结果多重nPCR的检测敏感度为97.5%(116/119),多重RT-PCR的敏感度为78.2%(93/119),2者的特异度均为100%(50/50),多重nPCR和多重RT-PCR的阳性预测值分别为97.5%(116/119)和78.2%(93/119),阴性预测值均为100%(50/50),准确性分别为98.2%和84.6%。经比较,多重nPCR和多重RT-PCR的检测敏感度都高于NASBA法。在病毒载量<103copy/mL的患者,nPCR的检测敏感性高于RT-PCR,在病毒载量在(103～104)copy/mL的患者及病毒载量≥104copy/mL的患者,2者的敏感性比较相近,均接近100%;检测的10例可疑急性感染者中,有5例患者的nPCR和RT-PCR检测结果阳性,抗体在随访过程中阳转,证实为HIV急性感染者;检测的43例DNA样本分属于B’亚型(37例),AE亚型(5例)和BC亚型(1例)。结论本课题组建立的PCR检测方法可以对我国主要流行的B’、AE和BC亚型病毒株得到很好的扩增效果;nPCR的检测敏感性受血浆RNA水平的影响相对较小,RT-PCR的检测敏感性受血浆RNA水平的影响相对较大;PCR方法可以用于HIV急性感染者的早期诊断。     

实时荧光定量PCR检测丙型肝炎病毒

目的探讨实时荧光定量PCR（FQ—PCR）技术检测丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）RNA载量与抗-HCV及丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）异常的相关性。方法用FQ—PCR检测115份疑似HCV感染的病人血清HCV—RNA，ELISA法检测抗-HCV，全自动生化分析仪测定ALT。结果以80拷贝／ml血清为标准，115份标本中HCV—RNA阳性率为54．8％（63／115）；抗-HCV阳性率为53．9％（62／115）；ALT异常率为40．9％（47/115）。HCV—RNA载量与抗-HCV（＋）例数呈正相关（r=0．986，P〈0．01）。HCV—RNA载量与ALT异常例数（r=0．94，P〈0．01）、含量（r=0．624，P〈0．01）呈正相关。结论HCV—RNA载量升高，抗-HCV阳性率相应增加，ALT高于正常值（40U／L）的异常率和浓度也增高，均呈正相关。FQ—PCR法可作为临床检测丙型肝炎的确诊方法之一。     

鼠艾滋病模型血浆病毒载量荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

目的建立鼠艾滋病模型血浆病毒载量荧光定量聚合酶链（PCR）检测方法。方法将体外合成的鼠艾滋病病毒（FLV）核糖核酸（RNA）标准品稀释为10个浓度梯度，进行逆转录，PCR荧光定量检测，经批内与批间差异分析。再以PCR荧光定量检测不同倍数FLV脾悬液FLV拷贝数及相应被注射小鼠模型的血浆病毒载量，计算脾指数。结果研究设计的荧光定量PCR方法能检测到20—2×10^8copiesFLVRNA逆转录反应体系，在5个注射的FLV拷贝数范围内，血浆病毒载量与脾指数均不与初始注射的FLV拷贝数成正比，二者亦不呈现平行关系。结论研究采用的FLV荧光定量PCR方法敏感性好，特异性强，重现性好，显著提高FLV病毒的检测水平。     

两种HCVRNA载量检测试剂相关性分析

目的：分析进口与国产试剂在HCV RNA定量检测中的相关性,评价国产HCV RNA荧光定量PCR试剂在不同病毒载量时的检测能力。方法：以美国Roche公司COBAS Amplipreo/cobas TaqMan HCV test试剂（Roche试剂）对标本的HCV RNA定量为标准,评价某国产HCV荧光定量PCR试剂（DA试剂）对不同病毒滴度标本的检测性能。分析两种试剂检测HCV RNA结果的相关性,对DA试剂在不同病毒载量时的检测能力进行评价。结果：两种试剂检测结果存在线性相关（R2=0.916,P〈0.01）,Roche试剂检测结果[（5.68±1.22）IU/ml,lg]高于DA试剂检测结果[（4.16±1.24）IU/ml,lg],差别有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;对检测HCV高病毒载量[（≥5~〈7）IU/ml,lg和≥7IU/ml,lg]组,两种试剂相关性较高（R2分别为0.781、0.729,P〈0.01）对低HCV病毒载量（≥3~〈5）IU/ml,lg组,两种试剂相关性较低（R2=0.483,P〈0.01）;病毒载量在（≥3~〈4）IU/ml,lg组,DA试剂假阴性为45.4%（5/11）;病毒载量（≥1.18~〈3）IU/ml,lg组及〈1.18 IU/ml,lg组,DA试剂均未检出。结论：与Roche试剂相比,DA试剂在高病毒载量标本的相关性较好,低病毒载量标本的相关性低于高病毒载量标本。DA试剂检测HCV RNA的线性范围较窄,与Roche试剂相比存在一定差距。     

某国产人免疫缺陷病毒核酸定量检测试剂盒的临床应用研究

目的比较某国产人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(HIV-1)核酸检测试剂盒与罗氏Cobas TaqMan HIV-1 Test Version2.0(Cobas TaqMan)检测试剂检测HIV-1血浆病毒载量的相关性与一致性。方法采用某国产HIV-1核酸检测试剂/DA3500全自动核酸提取仪和罗氏Cobas TaqMan试剂/COBAS AmpliPrep,平行检测渝西四地220份HIV-1抗体阳性样本的病毒载量,采用配对t检验,相关性分析和Bland-Altman等方法进行统计分析。结果 220份样本中罗氏试剂检测阳性率为93.18%(205/220),某国产试剂检测阳性率90.00%(198/220),罗氏检测阴性为15例,该国产试剂检测阴性为22例,定性分析结果该国产试剂总符合率为89.55%。158例定量线性范围内相关性分析结果显示,该国产试剂与罗氏试剂检测结果相关系数r为0.974 6。此外,Bland-Altman分析两种方法检测病毒载量的结果具有较高的一致性。结论某国产HIV-1核酸检测试剂与罗氏试剂相比,具有较好的相关性和一致性。     

SYBR GreenⅠ实时荧光定量RT-PCR测定肠道病毒71型(EV71)RNA拷贝数方法的建立

目的建立SYBR GreenⅠ荧光染料实时定量RT-PCR方法,测定实验动物等来源的EV71病毒RNA。方法运用EV71VP1保守区引物,优化real time RT-PCR条件,运用NASBA方法扩增EV71病毒RNA,计算拷贝数,经10倍系列稀释做出标准曲线,作为EV71病毒RNA定量检测的外标准品。结果应用Qiagen公司QuantiTect SYBR Green RT-PCR Kit,该标准品可精确定量到100copies/μL,PCR扩增效率达到99.5%。结论 SYBRGreenⅠ荧光染料实时定量PCR法测定EV71病毒RNA拷贝数的方法敏感性高、稳定性好,可用于EV71病毒RNA载量的定量测定。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.