藏药甘青乌头化学成分研究

对甘青乌头Aconitum tanguticum全草的化学成分进行研究。应用硅胶,ODS,Sephadex LH-20,制备HPLC等各种色谱技术进行分离纯化,采用MS,NMR等波谱技术鉴定化合物结构。甘青乌头乙醇总提取物经石油醚、乙酸乙酯萃取后的剩余水溶液经AB-8大孔吸附树脂,依次用水,30%,60%,95%乙醇洗脱,合并回收溶剂分别得到各洗脱部分。从30%,60%乙醇洗脱部分共分离得到19个化合物,分别鉴定为紫丁香苷(1),香草酸4-O-β-D-阿洛糖苷(2),阿魏酸4-O-β-D-阿洛糖苷(3),阿魏酸4-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(4),芥子酸4-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5),4-羟基-肉桂醇-4-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(6),槲皮素-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→2)-[α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→6)]-β-D-半乳糖苷-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(7),山柰酚-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→2)-[α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→6)]-β-D-半乳糖苷-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(8),槲皮素-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖基(1→6)-β-D-半乳糖苷-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(9),山柰酚-3-O-[β-D-葡萄糖基-(1→3)-(4-O-反式-对香豆酰基)]-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→6)-β-D-半乳糖苷-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(10),槲皮素-3-O-[β-D-葡萄糖基-(1→3)-(4-O-反式-对香豆酰基)]-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→6)-β-D-半乳糖苷-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(11),红景天苷(12),2-(3,4-二羟基苯基)乙醇 1-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(13),(7S,8R)-去氢二松柏醇-9'-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(14),citrusin B (15),异叶乌头碱(16),tanaconitine(17),山栀苷甲酯(18)和淫羊藿次苷B₁(19)。除化合物 4,13,16和17 外,其余化合物均为首次从甘青乌头中分离得到。     

大血藤中1个新的木脂素类化合物

大血藤来源于木通科植物大血藤Sargentodoxa cuneata的干燥藤茎。该研究通过HPD-100 大孔树脂、反复硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20 和制备液相等方法,从采自安徽黄山的大血藤藤茎中分离出20个化合物;根据化合物的理化性质和波谱数据,分别鉴定为(7R,8S)-3,3'-5-三甲氧基-4,9-二羟基-4',7-环氧-5',8-木脂素-7'-烯-9'-酸 4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1),1-O-香草酸-6-O-香草酰基吡喃葡萄糖苷(2),对羟基苯乙醇-6-O-香豆酰吡喃葡萄糖苷(3),枸橼苦素B(4),桂皮苷(5),(-)-异落叶松脂素4'-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(6),(-)-异落叶松脂素4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(7),1-O-香草酸-6-(3",5"-二甲氧基-没食子酰)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8),对羟基苯乙醇-6-O-(E)-咖啡酰吡喃葡萄糖苷(9),(-)-丁香树脂醇4'-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(10),(-)-丁香树脂醇双葡萄糖苷(11),野菰苷(12),木通苯乙醇苷B(13),4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯乙酮-4-O-α-L-鼠李糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(14),4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯乙酮-4-O-β-D-芹糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(15),(-)-表儿茶素(16),毛柳苷(17),3,4-二羟基苯乙醇吡喃葡萄糖苷(18),绿原酸(19),原儿茶酸(20),其中化合物1为新化合物,化合物2~7首次从该植物中分离得到。     

土荆芥化学成分的研究

从土荆芥Chenopodium ambrosioides的全草中分离得到12个化合物,通过波谱解析,化合物结构分别鉴定为山柰酚-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷（kaempferol-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside,1）,山柰酚-3,7-O-α-L-二鼠李糖苷（kaempferol-3,7-di-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside,2）,万寿菊素（patuletin,3）,槲皮素-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷（quercetin-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside,4）,蚱蜢酮（grasshopper ketone,5）,4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one（6）,丁香脂素（syringaresinol,7）,苄基-β-D-葡萄糖苷（benzyl β-D-glucopyranoside,8）,dendranthemoside B（9）,反式阿魏酸酰对羟基苯乙胺（N-trans-feruloyl tyramine,10）,N-3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯乙基反式阿魏酸酰胺（N-trans-feruloyl 4’-O-methyl dopamine,11）,N-p-香豆酰酪胺｛4-hydroxy-N-[2-（4-4-hydroxyphenyl）-ethyl]benzamide,12｝。其中化合物 3,6~8,10,12 为首次从该属中分离得到。化合物2~12 为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

鬼针草化学成分研究

对鬼针草Bidens bipinnata中的化学成分进行研究,筛选具有抗肝纤维化活性单体。采用大孔树脂、硅胶、MCI树脂、Sephadex LH-20等方法进行分离纯化,得到15个化合物,并运用波谱技术测试,鉴定其结构为槲皮素（1）,槲皮素-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷（2）,紫云英苷（3）,山柰酚-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷（4）,5,3’-二羟基-3,6,4’-三甲氧基-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷黄酮（5）,7,8,3’,4’-四羟基二氢黄酮（6）,（R/S）-异奥卡宁-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（7）,（R/S）-异奥卡宁-3’-甲氧基-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（8）,6,7,3’,4’-四羟基橙酮（9）,海生菊苷（10）,6,7-二羟基香豆素（11）,3-咖啡酸酰基-2-甲基-D-赤藓糖酸-1,4内酯（12）,（7S,8R）苯并二氢呋喃新木脂素-4-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（13）,丁香酚-O-β-D-呋喃芹糖-（1"-6’）-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（14）,（+）丁香脂素-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（15）。其中化合物8,13~15为首次从本属植物中分离得到。在初步的活性筛选中化合物 1,6有较强体外抑制肝星状细胞增殖的能力;化合物1,2,6,7有较强体外抑制腹腔巨噬细胞分泌炎症因子的能力。     

杜仲叶化学成分的研究

杜仲叶来源于杜仲科植物杜仲Eucommia ulmoides的干燥叶。为了深入了解杜仲叶中的活性成分,该研究采用D-101大孔树脂,MCI树脂,反相ODS,Sephadex LH-20,Rp-HPLC制备柱色谱法和重结晶等方法,从杜仲叶乙醇提取物的正丁醇萃取部位中分离得到10个化合物,通过MS和NMR等谱学方法,鉴定结构为山柰素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（1）,槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（2）,槲皮素（3）,槲皮素-3-O-β-D-木糖基-（1→2）-β-D-葡萄糖苷（4）,山柰酚-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖基-（1→6）-β-D-葡萄糖苷（5）,（2S,3S）-（-）-花旗松素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（6）,4-羟基肉桂酸（7）,（+）-环橄榄脂素（8）,松脂素-β-D-葡萄糖苷（9）,角鲨烯（10）,其中化合物1,5~7,10为首次从该属植物中分离得到。采用DPPH自由基清除法对分离得到的化合物进行抗氧化活性研究。结果显示,其中化合物 2 表现出显著的自由基清除能力（IC₅₀为13.7 μmol·L^-1）,活性强于Vit C（IC₅₀为59.9 μmol·L^-1）;化合物1,3,9显示中等强度自由基清除能力（IC₅₀分别为161,137,214 μmol·L^-1）,活性弱于Vit C,但强于2,6-二羟丁基对甲酚（IC₅₀为236 μmol·L^-1）;化合物4,6自由基清除能力较弱（IC₅₀分别为264,299 μmol·L^-1）;提示杜仲的药理作用,可能与其黄酮和木脂素类化学成分具有能够体内清除体内活性氧及抗氧化成分有关。     

藏飞廉中酚酸类成分研究

通过大孔吸附树脂,MCI 树脂,正相硅胶,Sephadex LH-20,ODS和反相HPLC 等多种色谱分离方法相结合,从藏飞廉乙醇提取物中分离得到14个化合物;利用多种谱学技术鉴定它们的结构分别为红景天苷(1),2-(3,4-二羟苯基)-乙基-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(2),3,5-二羟苯基-乙醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3),对羟基桂皮酸(4),3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) propan-1-one(5),3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl) propan-1-one(6),紫丁香苷(7),对羟基苯甲醛(8),水杨酸(9),tachioside(10),香草酸-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(11),丁香醛(12),2, 6-二甲氧基-4-羟基苯酚-1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(13),2, 6-二甲氧基-对苯二酚-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(14)。除化合物4和7外,其余均为首次从飞廉属植物中分离得到。     

白木香叶的化学成分研究(二)

为综合利用白木香叶的丰富资源,阐明其物质基础,课题组再次对其化学成分进行了研究,采用多种色谱技术对其化学成分进行分离纯化,从白木香叶95%,70%乙醇提取物的氯仿和正丁醇萃取部位共分离得到12个化合物.经多种波谱方法鉴定其结构,分别为鸢尾酚酮2-(O-α-L)-吡喃鼠李糖苷(3),4'-羟基-5-甲氧基黄酮-7-O-葡萄糖(6-1)木糖苷(2),7,3',5'-三甲氧基黄酮苷(3),5-甲氧基芹菜素7-(O-β-D)-葡萄糖苷(4),2-苯乙基1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5),红景天苷(6),苯甲醇1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(7),2,6-二甲氧基-4-羟基苯酚-1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8),vanilloloside(9),(+)-丁香脂素(10),β-维生素E(11),豆甾-5-烯-3β,7α-二醇(12),化合物 2,3,5~9,11和12 为首次从该属植物中分离得到.另外,对氯仿萃取部位的9个流分进行了4种人体肿瘤细胞毒活性筛选,均未显示明显活性.     

双花千里光中一个新的艾里莫芬烷型倍半萜

利用多种色谱技术对藏药双花千里光Senecio dianthus地上部分95%乙醇浸提物进行分离纯化,共得到5个化合物,根据理化数据和波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构分别为:艾里莫芬-9(10),7(11)-二烯-8-酮-12-羧酸-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷,命名为双花千里光苷A(1),5,7,4'-三羟基-黄酮-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(3),金丝桃苷(4),芦丁(5).其中,化合物1为新化合物,化合物2,4,5 均为首次从双花千里光中分离得到.     

胭脂花化学成分的研究Ⅱ

 目的研究报春花科报春花属植物胭脂花(Primula maximowiczii Regel)的化学成分。方法运用多种色谱方法,从胭脂花全草中分离得到9个化合物,通过理化性质和波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。结果分离得到的化合物结构为:山柰酚3-O-β-D-葡萄糖基(1→2)-β-D-葡萄糖基(1→6)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(1),山柰酚3-O-(2″,6″-二-O-α-L-鼠李糖基)-β-D-半乳糖苷(2),槲皮素3-O-(2″,6″-二-O-α-L-鼠李糖基)-β-D-半乳糖苷(3),山柰酚3-O-β-D-半乳糖苷(4),槲皮素3-O-β-D-半乳糖苷(5),杨梅素3-O-β-D-半乳糖苷(6),山柰酚3-O-(2″,6″-二-O-α-L-鼠李糖基)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7),槲皮素3-O-(2″,6″-二-O-α-L-鼠李糖基)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(8),樱草苷(9)。结论化合物1为新化合物,化合物2～8为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物9为首次从胭脂花中分离得到,同时本实验将化合物9的¹³C-NMR数据补充完整。     

珍珠菜中黄酮苷类成分研究

研究珍珠菜Lysimachia clethroides的黄酮苷类成分。珍珠菜乙醇提取物经硅胶、Sephadex LH-20和Pre-HPLC等色谱技术分离纯化,通过质谱和核磁共振等波谱学方法鉴定化合物的结构。从珍珠菜中分离得到11个黄酮苷类化合物,分别鉴定为紫云英苷(1),异槲皮苷(2),异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-6"-乙酰基吡喃葡萄糖苷(4),槲皮素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5),江户樱花苷(6),2-羟基-柚皮素-5-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(7),山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷(8),山柰酚-3-O-洋槐糖苷(9),芦丁(10),山柰酚-3,7-二-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(11)。化合物4, 7和11为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物3 、 5和9为首次从该种植物中分离得到。体外活性测试结果显示化合物2, 6, 8具有一定的醛糖还原酶抑制活性,IC₅₀分别为2.69,1.00,1.80 μmol·L^-1;化合物1 ~ 11对5种人肿瘤细胞均没有明显的细胞毒活性(IC₅₀ > 10 μmol·L^-1)。     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

厚朴与凹叶厚朴群体遗传学研究

目的:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴的群体遗传学进行研究,为中药厚朴的质量控制提供分子生药学方面的依据。方法:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴15个居群应用2个叶绿体基因间序列psbA-trnH和trnL-trnF进行PCR扩增并测序,计算厚朴与凹叶厚朴单倍型频率,用程序HaploNst分析遗传多样性和遗传结构,应用TCS version 1.13软件构建单倍型网状进化树。结果:厚朴与凹叶厚朴均无特有单倍型存在,但单倍型频率存在显著差异,已开始出现遗传分化的趋势,NST略大于GST。结论:厚朴与凹叶厚朴在遗传上已出现遗传分化的趋势,但尚未完全分化成彼此独立的单系。     

真菌的中药干预研究近5年进展

近年来真菌感染率逐年上升,传统抗真菌药物易产生耐药性,而中药在防治真菌感染方面具有一定的优势。本文就近5年来中药对白念珠菌、皮肤癣菌、曲霉菌、马拉色菌、串珠镰孢菌、申克孢子丝菌、新生隐球菌及真菌生物膜的干预研究进展进行综述。     

Investigation of plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts

Aim of the study

To investigate the activities of the 217 plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts.

Materials and methods

Plant extracts were prepared by the method of maceration using solvents of different polarities. The growth inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (FcB1) was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the tritiated hypoxanthine incorporated. Activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay. The antifungal tests were carried out by using the CLSI method. The active extracts were tested also by cytotoxicity assay using NIH-3T3 cells of mammalian fibroblasts.

Results

Two hundred and seventeen extracts of plants were tested against Plasmodium falciparum. The eleven active extracts, belonging to eight plant species were evaluated against L. (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, yeasts and in NIH-3T3 cells. The results found in these biological models are consistent with the ethnopharmacological data of these plants. The ethyl acetate extract of Diospyros hispida root showed IC₅₀ values of 1 μg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum. This extract demonstrated no toxicity against mammalian cells, resulting in a significant selectivity index (SI) of 435.8. The dichloromethane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense root wood was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 1.95 μg/mL; and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei LMGO 174, both with MIC of 7.81 μg/mL. The same extract was also active against Plasmodium falciparum and L. (L.) chagasi with IC₅₀ of 6.7 and 27.6 μg/mL respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Spiranthera odoratissima leaves was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 31.25 μg/mL, and against Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ of 9.2 μg/mL and Trypanosoma cruzi with IC₅₀ of 56.3 μg/mL.

Conclusion

The active extracts for protozoans and human pathogenic yeasts are considered promising to continue the search for the identification and development of leading compounds.     

α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of selected Philippine plants

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Antidesma bunius Spreng. (Phyllantaceae), Averrhoa bilimbi L. (Oxalidaceae), Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. (Oxalidaceae), Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob. (Rhizophoraceae), Kyllinga monocephala Rottb. (Cyperaceae), and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Rhizophoraceae) are used as remedies to control diabetes. In the present study, these plants were screened for their potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Materials and methods

The 80% aqueous ethanolic extracts were screened for their α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity using yeast alpha glucosidase enzyme.

Results

Except for A. bilimbi with IC₅₀ at 519.86±3.07, all manifested a significant enzyme inhibitory activity. R. mucronata manifested the highest activity with IC₅₀ at 0.08±1.82 μg mL⁻¹, followed by C. tagal with IC₅₀ at 0.85±1.46 μg mL⁻¹ and B. sensitivum with IC₅₀ at 2.24±1.58 μg mL⁻¹.

Conclusion

This is the first report on the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of the six Philippine plants; thus, partly defining the mechanism on why these medicinal plants possess antidiabetic properties.     

European medicinal polypores – A modern view on traditional uses

Ethnopharmacological relevance

In particular five polypore species, i.e. Laetiporus sulphureus, Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola, Piptoporus betulinus, and Laricifomes officinalis, have been widely used in central European folk medicines for the treatment of various diseases, e.g. dysmenorrhoea, haemorrhoids, bladder disorders, pyretic diseases, treatment of coughs, cancer, and rheumatism. Prehistoric artefacts going back to over 5000 years underline the long tradition of using polypores for various applications ranging from food or tinder material to medicinal–spiritual uses as witnessed by two polypore species found among items of Ötzi, the Iceman. The present paper reviews the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activity of the five mentioned polypores.

Materials and methods

All available information on the selected polypore taxa used in traditional folk medicine was collected through evaluation of literature in libraries and searches in online databases using SciFinder and Web of Knowledge.

Results

Mycochemical studies report the presence of many primary (e.g. polysaccharides) and secondary metabolites (e.g. triterpenes). Crude extracts and isolated compounds show a wide spectrum of biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities.

Conclusions

The investigated polypores possess a longstanding ethnomycological tradition in Europe. Here, we compile biological results which highlight their therapeutic value. Moreover, this work provides a solid base for further investigations on a molecular level, both compound- and target-wise.     

Antiplasmodial activity of extracts from seven medicinal plants used in malaria treatment in Cameroon

Aim of the study

In a search for new plant-derived biologically active compounds against malaria parasites, we have carried out an ethnopharmacological study to evaluate the susceptibility of cultured Plasmodium falciparum to extracts and fractions from seven Cameroonian medicinal plants used in malaria treatment. We have also explored the inhibition of the Plasmodium falciparum cysteine protease Falcipain-2.

Materials and methods

Plant materials were extracted by maceration in organic solvents, and subsequently partitioned or fractionated to afford test fractions. The susceptibility of erythrocytes and the W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum to plant extracts was evaluated in culture. In addition, the ability of annonaceous extracts to inhibit recombinant cysteine protease Falcipain-2 was also assessed.

Results and discussion

The extracts showed no toxicity against erythrocytes. The majority of plant extracts were highly active against Plasmodium falciparumin vitro, with IC₅₀ values lower than 5 μg/ml. Annonaceous extracts (acetogenin-rich fractions and interface precipitates) exhibited the highest potency. Some of these extracts exhibited modest inhibition of Falcipain-2.

Conclusion

These results support continued investigation of components of traditional medicines as potential new antimalarial agents.     

Screening of the topical anti-inflammatory activity of the bark of Acacia cornigera Willdenow, Byrsonima crassifolia Kunth, Sweetia panamensis Yakovlev and the leaves of Sphagneticola trilobata Hitchcock

Ethnopharmacological relevance

An investigation of topical anti-inflammatory activity was undertaken on plants used in Central America traditional medicine.

Aim of study

Four herbal drugs used in the folk medicine of Central America to treat inflammatory skin affections (Acacia cornigera bark, Byrsonima crassifolia bark, Sphagneticola trilobata leaves and Sweetia panamensis bark) were evaluated for their topical anti-inflammatory activity.

Materials and methods

Petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts were obtained for herbal medicines and then extracts were tested on Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis model in mice.

Results

Almost all the extracts reduced the Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis in mice and the chloroform ones showed the highest activity, with ID₅₀ (dose giving 50% oedema inhibition) values ranging from 112 μg/cm² (Byrsonima crassifolia) to 183 μg/cm² (Sphagneticola trilobata). As reference, ID₅₀ of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin was 93 μg/cm².

Conclusions

Lipophilic extracts from these species can be regarded as potential sources of anti-inflammatory principles.     

贝母类药材湖北贝母Fritillaria hupehensis系统位置的探讨——来自ITS,rpl16,matK序列的证据

湖北贝母为传统中药,然而《Flora of China》将其基原植物湖北贝母Fritillaria hupehensis归并于天目贝母F.monantha项下。该实验采用分子系统学方法,以川百合Lilium davidii为外类群,用核基因ITS序列和叶绿体基因rpl16序列、matK序列等3个片段对湖北贝母及其近缘类群天目贝母F.monantha、安徽贝母F.anhuiensis等进行联合建树分析,对湖北贝母植物的系统位置进行了探讨,为湖北贝母药材的安全使用提供分子证据。结果显示,分子系统树上,3种贝母各自的居群聚为一支,之后天目贝母与安徽贝母聚为一支,最后与湖北贝母聚为一支。表明湖北贝母与天目贝母的亲缘关系可能要远于安徽贝母与天目贝母之间的关系,因此不适宜将湖北贝母归并于天目贝母。     

中国石斛属植物文献计量研究

石斛是珍稀濒危中药材,目前正处于快速发展阶段。为全面了解我国石斛属植物研究的历史和发展现状,作者以1954～2010年"中国知网中国学术期刊网络出版总库"收录的石斛研究文献为依据,采用文献计量学的原理和方法,对我国石斛属植物研究文献从文献年代分布、期刊分布与被引频率、主题分布、研究对象分布、作者与研究机构分布等方面进行了统计与分析。结果表明,我国石斛研究明显分为起步(2个)、停滞、平稳发展、快速上升5个阶段;期刊分布存在离散性与集中性并存的现象,已形成核心期刊研究群,并以《中国中药杂志》、《中草药》和《陕西中医》为代表;研究主题广泛涉及临床与药理、组织培养与种苗繁育、成分分析等多个领域,已经形成比较稳定的研究机构和团队,但研究对象差异显著,以铁皮石斛、金钗石斛和霍山石斛最为集中。我国石斛属植物的研究已取得显著成果,但种植产业发展缓慢,供需矛盾突出,预计种苗繁育与人工种植、产品开发、化学与药理等方面是未来的研究热点,其文献报道仍将进一步上升。