肾功能异常对恶性高血压患者心脏结构与功能的影响

目的:评估肾功能异常对恶性高血压患者心脏结构与功能的影响。方法:恶性高血压患者根据肾功能分为肾功能正常组(31例)和肾功能异常组(32例),测量左心室重量(LVM)、重量指数(LVMI)、左室舒张末内径(LVEDd)、室间隔厚度(IVST)、相对室壁厚度(RWT)左室后壁厚度(LVPWT)以及左心室舒张早期二尖瓣最大血流速度(E峰)与舒张晚期二尖瓣最大血流速度(A峰)、E/A比值和左室射血分数(LVEF)等心脏功能指标。结果:与肾功能正常组比较,肾功能不全组IVST[(11.6±1.9)mm比(13.0±2.0)mm]、LVPWT[(10.6±1.9)mm比(12.7±1.4)mm]、LVEDd[(48.4±6.6)mm比(52.5±3.9)mm]、RWT[(0.44±0.08)mm比(0.51±0.07)mm]、LVM[(208.1±77.5)g比(264.2±63.1)g]、LVMI[(114.5±39.2)g/m2比(152.6±39.0)g/m2],左室肥厚比例(25.0%比85.7%)明显增加(P<0.05),而LVEF、E/A差异则无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:肾功能不全患者左心室肥厚较肾功能正常患者更加明显,而收缩、舒张功能指标改变差别不显著。     

脑钠肽与高血压左室重塑、左室功能的关系

目的:探讨原发性高血压(EH)患者脑钠肽(BNP)水平与左室几何构型、左室功能的关系。方法:应用荧光免疫法快速测定EH组(106例)和对照组(46例)的血浆BNP浓度,根据心脏彩色超声检测结果,依照左室重量指数(LVMI)、相对室壁厚度(RWT)将106例EH患者分为:正常构型亚组(12例)、向心性重构亚组(9例)、离心性肥厚亚组(64例)、向心性肥厚亚组(21例)。应用相关性分析了解EH组LVMI、RWT、年龄、血压、体质指数(BMI)、左室射血分数(LVEF)等因素与BNP关系。结果:在EH各构型亚组中LVMI以离心性肥厚亚组最高,向心性肥厚亚组、离心性肥厚亚组BNP水平较对照组升高明显。EH组LVMI与BNP具有明显的正相关性(r=0.605,P<0.01),RWT与BNP具有明显的负相关(r=-0.266,P<0.01),LVEF与BNP呈负相关(r=-0.552,P<0.01),LVMI、RWT与血压、BMI之间无明显相关性。结论:EH组中不同的左室几何构型对BNP水平产生不同影响,具有更高的LVMI值和更低的LVEF、RWT值患者,BNP水平更高,而年龄、血压、BMI与BNP、LVMI、RWT无明显相关性。     

左心室肥厚对原发性高血压患者心率变异性的影响

目的 :分析原发性高血压 (EH)伴左心室肥厚者的心率变异性 (HRV)变化及与左心室肥厚程度的关系。方法 :对 84例 EH患者和 31例正常人行 2 4h动态心电图和心脏超声检查 ,并采空腹血查血 K 、甘油三酯、胆固醇和葡萄糖浓度。结果 :EH无左室肥厚组仅相邻正常 R- R间期差值 >5 0 ms的百分比显著低于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ,而 EH左室肥厚组的各项 HRV指标均显著低于对照组 ,EH左室肥厚组的 2 4h正常 R- R间期的标准差(SDNN)、5 min平均正常 R- R间期的标准差 (SDANN index)和 5 m in正常 R- R间期标准差的均值 (SDNNindex)又显著低于 EH无左室肥厚组 (P <0 .0 1,<0 .0 1,<0 .0 5 )。 EH患者的 SDNN、SDANN index和 SDNNindex与左室心肌重量指数呈负相关。结论 :EH左室肥厚患者的 HRV降低 ,HRV与左室肥厚的程度呈负相关     

高血压病患者左室肥厚及构型改变与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的:探讨高血压病(EH)患者胰岛素抵抗(IR)对左心室肥厚(LVH)和几何构型的影响。方法:检测124 例EH病人的左室重量指数(LVMI),相对室壁厚度(RWT),空腹血清葡萄糖(FSG)、空腹血胰岛素(FSI)浓度, 并计算胰岛素敏感性指数(ISI)。依照LVMI及RWT的数值124例EH病人被分为左室正常构型(51例),向心性构型(30例),向心性肥厚型(22例),离心性肥厚型(21例)。结果:RWT与年龄、体重指数(BMI)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、平均心率呈正相关(r=0.16-0.22,P<0.05),与ISI呈负相关(r=-0.24),LVMI与SBP、DBP呈正相关(r=0.16-0.20,P<0.05),与ISI不相关。向心性重构组和向心性肥厚组年龄、RWT、HR、BMI大于正常构型组(P<0.05-<0.01),而ISI小于正常构型组(P<0.01)。结论:胰岛素敏感性降低与EH患者左心室肥厚无关,与RWT增加密切相关;ISI可能是EH患者发生左室向心性构型的重要影响因素之一。     

急性心肌梗死患者早期心率变异性与心功能的关系

目的 分析急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者极早期及稳定期心率变异性(HRV)、心肌酶与心功能的量化关系.方法 选取发病24 h内AMI患者30例,化验心肌酶谱测定肌酸激酶(CPK)及肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)峰值.发病48 h内及两周各行动态心电图检查测HRV各指标值.两周时行超声心动图测定左室射血分数(LVEF).结果 稳定期HRV各指标均与LVEF呈正相关,NN间期标准差(SDNN)、NN间期平均值的标准差(SDANN)、相邻NN间期差值超过50 ms的心搏数占NN间期总心搏数的百分比 (PNN50)、全程NN间期之差的平方根(RMSSD)、低频功率(LF)、高频功率(HF)的r值分别为 0.77、0.80、0.56、0.56、0.66、0.59(P均＜0.05); HRV指标SDNN、SDANN、LF其恢复程度与LVEF呈正相关(P＜0.05);而极早期HRV与LVEF无相关性.CPK、CK-MB与LVEF呈明显负相关.稳定期与极早期比较HRV时域指标SDNN、SDANN明显恢复(P＜0.01).结论 AMI患者稳定期的HRV及两周内HRV恢复程度可反映心功能状态.     

高血压伴左心室肥厚与T波顶峰后宽度的关系

目的探讨高血压左心室肥厚(LVH)患者T波顶峰后宽度(TpTe间期)的改变及其临床意义。方法随机抽取2010-10-2011-06桂林医学院附属医院心内科住院的原发性高血压(EH)患者313例,根据超声心动图(UCG)测定的左心室质量指数(LVMI)分为LVH组和非LVH(NLVH)组。比较两组TpTe间期、校正TpTe间期(TpTec)、QT间期、校正QT间期(QTc)、QRS时限、LVMI、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、室间隔厚度(IVST)、左心室后壁厚度(LVPWT)的改变及其相互关系;比较不同血压水平对TpTe间期的影响;EH患者左心室不同构型TpTe间期改变的特点。结果与NLVH组比较,LVH组TpTe间期[(100.0±23.3)比(85.3±14.1)ms]、TpTec[(108.6±26.7)比(91.4±15.4)ms]、QTc[(435.0±23.6)比(420.0±23.5)ms]、QRS时限[(105.3±22.3)比(95.6±16.1)ms]均延长(均P<0.01),LVMI[(142.8±29.3)比(82.5±19.0)g/m2],LVEDD[(58.9±7.5)比(47.6±6.5)cm],IVST[(9.7±1.0)比(8.8±1.2)cm],LVPWT[(9.4±1.1)比(8.5±1.1)cm]明显增大(均P<0.01),QT间期延长,但差异无统计学意义。TpTe间期在不同左心室构型间的改变为:离心型肥厚>向心性肥厚>左心室游离壁肥厚>正常心室形态。Pearson相关分析表明,TpTe间期、TpTec与LVMI(r=0.43,0.44)、LVEDD(r=0.41,0.43)呈正相关(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示,LVMI、LVEDD是TpTe间期重要的影响因素(β=0.026、0.280)。结论 TpTe间期可作为评价高血压伴左心室肥厚靶器官损害程度的心电学指标之一。     

单纯收缩期高血压患者血浆B型钠尿肽水平与左心室肥厚、舒张功能变化的关系

目的观察非高血压病者和单纯收缩期高血压病(ISH)伴或不伴左心室肥厚(LVH)者血浆B型钠尿肽(BNP)水平,及血管紧张素受体阻滞剂(ARB)治疗前后BNP、左心室肥厚及舒张功能变化情况,探讨BNP变化与左心室肥厚、舒张功能改变的关系。方法筛选非高血压病者(正常对照组)33例,ISH患者38例,ISH+LVH患者42例,予高血压病患者口服缬沙坦片80~120 mg/d,治疗前后采用超声心动图测定左心室质量指数(LVMI),E/A比值;放射免疫分析法测定血浆BNP水平。结果高血病各组血浆BNP水平明显高于正常对照组(P0.01或P0.05);与ISH组相比,ISH+LVH组LVMI增高(P0.05),而E/A值降低(P0.01);经ARB治疗后,血浆BNP水平在高血压病各组中均表现降低(P0.05或P0.01),LVMI值在ISH+LVH组表现为下降(P0.01),而E/A值表现为增高(P0.01);治疗前,血浆BNP水平与LVMI呈显著正相关(r2=0.61,P0.01),与E/A值呈显著负相关(r2=0.26,P0.01)。结论血浆BNP水平可作为判断ISH左心室肥厚、舒张功能改善的敏感指标。     

原发性高血压早期的心率变异分析

<正> 本文通过对高血压患者及正常对照组24小时动态心电图的心率变异指数(HRVI)、NN间期标准差(SDNN)及SDNN<100ms所占百分比的测定,研究原发性高血压Ⅰ期及高血压合并左心室肥厚时心率变异(HRV)的变化情况,以了解高血压病人心脏自主神经功能受损情况、下降程度及与左心室肥厚的关系.     

原发性高血压患者心肌能量消耗水平与左心室重构及收缩功能的相关性

目的探讨多普勒超声指标心肌能量消耗(MEE)评估原发性高血压不同左室构型特点以及左室收缩功能的潜在临床价值。方法选取门诊或住院治疗的106例原发性高血压患者,24例健康人为对照组。用多普勒超声心动图测量心脏结构指标、左室收缩功能常规指标(射血分数、短轴缩短率),应用相关公式计算MEE、左室收缩末周向室壁应力(cESS)、左室质量指数(LVMI)、相对室壁厚度(RWT)。根据LVMI和RWT将高血压患者分为左室正常构型组(22例)、向心性重构组(34例)、向心性肥厚组(26例)和离心性肥厚组(24例);分析各组间左室结构、功能的差异,探讨MEE、cESS与左室结构、功能指标的相关性。结果高血压4组cESS均明显高于对照组,其中离心性肥厚组最高;除向心性重构组外,其余高血压3组MEE均明显高于对照组(均P<0.05),离心性肥厚组MEE最高。相关分析显示:MEE、cESS与左室收缩功能指标以及左心室重构指标均明显相关。结论多普勒超声心动图无创检测原发性高血压患者的MEE水平可反映高血压左室不同构型的心肌生物能量消耗特点;MEE、cESS是评价高血压不同构型左室收缩功能的有效指标。     

充血性心力衰竭心率变异性改变及其与心室重塑的关系

目的:检测充血性心力衰竭患者心率变异性(HRV)改变,探讨其与心室重塑的关系。方法:采用Holter检查系统检测了36例CHF患者HRV指标24h正常R-R间期标准差(SDNN)、24h内每5min平均正常R-R间期的标准差(SDANN)24h内每5min的正常R-R间期标准差的平均值(SDNNI),相邻正常R-R间期差值的均方根(rMSSD),相邻正常R-R间期差值≥50ms心搏数占总R-R间期数的百分数(PNN50)及超声心动图指标左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD),收缩末期内径(LVESD),左心室后壁舒张末期厚度(LVPWT),心室间隔舒张末期厚度(IVST),左心室射血分数(LVEF),左心室舒张早期及舒张晚期充盈速度比值(E/A)及左心室重量指数(LVMI),并以20例健康体检者为对照。结果:CHF患者HRV各时域指标均下降,与对照组相比有显著差异(P<0.05～<0.01)。多元回归分析显示SDNN,SDNNI与LVEDD,LVPWT呈负相关(r=-0.337～-0.362,P<0.05);rMSSD,PNN50与LVEDD,LVESD呈负相关(r=-0.142～-0.433,P<0.05);rMSSD、PNN50与LVEF呈正相关(r=0.387～0.464,P<0.05～<0.001)。结论:CHF患者HRV下降,并与心室重塑有关。     

心率变异性与高血压左室重构关系的研究

目的：心率变异性（ＨＲＶ）分析是反映心脏自主神经活动的一项无创性指标。方法：研究ＨＲＶ在高血压左室重构中的作用,应用ＨＲＶ时域与频域分析法,检测与分析７０例高血压病（ＥＨ）男性患者２４小时ＲＲ间期标准差（ＳＤＮＮ）、心率变异指数（ＨＲＶＩ）及心率功率谱密度（ＰＳＤ）;并采用超声心动图测定相对室壁厚度（ＲＷＴ）与左室重量指数（ＬＶＭＩ）对患者进行左室构型分类。３０例健康男性被同期检测,以作对照。结果：７０ 例ＥＨ 患者被分为正常构型（ＲＷＴ 与ＬＶＭＩ均正常）,向心性重构（ＲＷＴ 增加,但ＬＶＭＩ正常）,向心性肥厚（ＲＷＴ与ＬＶＭＩ均增加）及离心性肥厚（ＲＷＴ正常,但ＬＶＭＩ增加）四个左室构型组。四组患者ＳＤＮＮ、ＨＲＶＩ、ＰＳＤ的低频（ＬＦ）峰值及其与高频（ＨＦ）峰值之比（ＬＦ／ＨＦ）均较正常人减低,而ＰＳＤ的ＨＦ峰值却均较正常人增高,该ＨＲＶ 变化特征的显著性依上述左室构型顺序呈现进行性增强。结论：交感与副交感神经的双重损害参与了高血压的左室重构机制,且其损害程度可能伴随左室重构过程的进行而加重     

Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism and geometric patterns of hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy

Polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene has been found to be associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in patients with essential hypertension (EHT) in certain populations. We sought to evaluate, in a Japanese population, whether ACE genotype is related to left ventricular mass, or to the geometry of LVH in EHT. Eighty-seven patients with EHT were examined. Their relative wall thickness (RWT) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI), determined by echocardiogram, were used to divide them into 4 groups: normal (normal RWT and LVMI, n = 35); concentric remodeling (increased RWT but normal LVMI, n= 10); eccentric hypertrophy (increased LVMI but normal RWT, n = 20); and concentric hypertrophy (increased LVMI and RWT, n = 22). Genetic analysis for ACE genotypes was performed on peripheral leukocytes using PCR techniques. Interventricular septal thickness and RWT were significantly greater in the patients with the DD genotype than in those with the II genotype, but LVMI did not differ among the three ACE genotypes. The frequency of the DD genotype was higher in the concentric hypertrophy group than in each of the other groups, and the frequency of the II genotype was lower in the concentric hypertrophy group than in either the normal or eccentric hypertrophy group. The geometric pattern of hypertensive LVH was associated with ACE genotype in a Japanese population. The DD genotype may contribute to concentric hypertrophy, but not to eccentric hypertrophy.     

The relation between left ventricular geometric patterns and left ventricular midwall mechanics in hypertensive patients.

To evaluate the alteration of myocardial contractility in hypertensive patients with different left ventricular geometric patterns by the end-systolic stress-midwall fractional shortening relation. Echocardiography was applied to study the left ventricular geometry and cardiac function among 117 cases of essential hypertension, with 45 normal cases as control(s). Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and relative wall thickness (RWT) were calculated using echocardiographic data. All patients were divided into four kinds of left ventricular geometry pattern based on LVMI and RWT. Patients of the eccentric hypertrophy group suffered the most serious damage of left ventricular systolic function. Myocardial contractility shown by end-systolic stress-midwall fractional shortening relation was significantly decreased in the concentric remodeling group, eccentric hypertrophy group and concentric hypertrophy group, and those with concentric hypertrophy showed the worst contractility. The degree of myocardial contractility damage was different in patients with different left ventricular geometric patterns. Geometric changes may have compensated for the reduction of myocardial contractility in some phases in order to maintain the normal pump function.     

高血压病患者左心室几何构型与舒张功能变化的关系

目的　研究高血压病患者左心室重构与舒张功能变化的关系及影响因素。方法　依照左心室质量指数 (L V-MI)和相对室壁厚度 (RWT)将 89例无合并症的高血压病患者分为左心室正常构型组 (17例 )、向心性重构组 (2 3例 )、向心性肥厚组 (33例 )、离心性肥厚组 (16例 )。对超声心动图心脏结构和功能测值进行多元逐步回归分析 ,筛选出对左心室舒张功能有独立影响因素。在校正这些因素影响后 ,比较不同左心室几何构型组间心脏舒张功能的差异 ,82例正常人作为对照。结果　左心室舒张功能的主要独立影响因素包括性别、年龄、心率、L VMI,部分指标还有体重指数 (BMl)和吸烟水平。不同构型组间舒张功能指标未经校正或仅经性别、年龄、心率和 BMI校正后差异虽都具有高度显著性 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,但再校正或排外血压水平的影响后 ,组间差异显著性已不复存在。结论　不同构型组间左心室舒张功能指标的差异主要是血压水平不同所致。左心室结构指标虽是舒张功能指标的独立影响因素 ,但其影响强度尚不足以达到使不同构型组间差异有统计学显著性的程度。     

左心室质量及几何模式对左心室功能的影响

目的 探讨左心室质量(LVM)及几何模式对左心室功能的影响。方法 根据相对室壁厚度(RWT)>0.43和≤0.43将170例高血压患者分为向心性模式组和离心性模式组,分别作超声心动图检测。结果 向心性模式组的EF明显高于离心性模式组,而前者E、E/A明显低于后者。单变量及多变量回归分析均显示EF与LVM及RWT相关,E/A在单变量分析时与RWT呈非常显著负相关,但在多变量分析时被剔出。结论 LVM及几何模式的改变均对左心室收缩功能产生明显的损害,几何模式的变化可能对左心室舒张功能也会产生不利影响。     

Variations in cardiac diastolic function in hypertensive patients with different left ventricular geometric patterns.

To evaluate the alteration of cardiac function in hypertensive patients with different left ventricular geometric patterns. Echocardiography was used to study left ventricular geometry and cardiac diastolic function in 117 cases of essential hypertension, with 45 normal cases as controls. Echocardiographic date were used to calculated the left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and relative wall thickness (RWT), which values in turn were used to divide the subjects into four groups. The left atrial dimension of the group, with the exception of these hypertensives who showed normal geometry, was larger than that of the control group. The damage of peak of E velocity, peak of A velocity, E/A and the slope between the E and F points (E to F slope) were greater than in hypertension than in the control group. The concentric hypertrophy group and eccentric hypertrophy group suffered more serious damage of left ventricular diastolic function than the concentric remodeling group, and damage of left ventricular diastolic function in the concentric remodeling group was greater than that in the normal geometry group. The degree of cardiac diastolic function damage differed among patients with different left ventricular geometric patterns, when the cardiac structure was changed, the degree of cardiac diastolic function damage increased.     

高血压患者动态脉搏波速度与左室肥厚和左心功能的关系

目的 探讨高血压患者动态脉搏波速度（pulse wave velocity, PWV）与左心室重构和左室舒张功能的关系。方法 本研究回顾性收集在2011年5月-2013年1月期间,于卫生部北京医院门诊或住院的≥18岁的原发性高血压患者,采用Mobil-O-Graph PWA无创动态血压监测仪测量动态血压和动态PWV。同期进行超声心动图检查,评估左心室结构和功能。采用Pearson相关分析,比较动态PWV和左室结构功能参数之间的相关性。采用二元Logistics回归分析,分析动态PWV、年龄、性别、体重指数、糖尿病、吸烟、血脂异常和是否服用降压药物对左室肥厚（LVH）的影响。结果 总共有136患者纳入此研究。平均年龄55.4±14.1岁,72.1%为男性。动态PWV平均值为8.10±1.97ms-1,动态PWV与左心室质量指数（LVMI）（r=0.257,p=0.003）和左心房前后径（r=0.431,p<0.001）呈显著正相关,与E/A比值呈显著负相关（r=-0.337,p<0.001）。二元logistic回归分析显示,高血压患者动态PWV是LVH的独立危险因素。结论：高血压患者中,动态PWV与LVMI相关,可能是LVH的独立危险因素。     

HEART RATE VARIABILITY AND LEFT VENTRICULAR DIASTOLIC FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH BORDERLINE HYPERTENSION WITH AND WITHOUT LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY

The relationships between heart rate variability (HRV), left ventricular mass and diastolic function in borderline hypertensive patients (BHT) were evaluated. 24 h Holter electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood pressure (BP) monitoring, M and 2 D echocardiogram and Doppler analysis in 42 BHT with and without left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and in 20 normotensive controls were assessed. From 24-h ECG, time domain indexes of HRV were calculated. Standard Deviation of all Cycles (SDNN) and Standard Deviation of the means of heart periods over five-minute intervals (SDANN) were significantly reduced in BHT with LVH but not in BHT without LVH. No significant differences of short-term variability measures were detectable, although a progressive decrease among control subjects and BHT with and without LVH was observed.

Diastolic left ventricular compliance evaluated by early to late transmitral flow velocity ratio (E/A ratio) significantly declined from normotensive subjects to BHT with LVH. There was a significant positive correlation between E/A and SDNN and SDANN throughout all studied groups. This indicates that BHT with LVH has a reduced HRV compared to other groups. This impairment is probably related to left ventricular mass and left ventricular filling abnormalities.     

原发性高血压病人QT间期离散度与左室肥厚关系研究

目的：探讨原发性高血压病人左室重量与QT间期离散度的关系。方法：测定82例原发性高血压病人血压,计算QT间期离散度（QTcd)及QTcd%变化与左室重量指数（LVMI）的关系,结果：高血压伴左室肥厚（LVH）组的QTcd及QTcd^均明显高于无LVH组的;QTcd及QTcd%随LVMI增高而增高（r=0.7718,r=0.6798),但与血压无明显相关性,结论：高血压病人QTcd的增加不是血压变化结果,而是左室肥厚所致。