乙肝疫苗联合乙肝免疫球蛋白预防HBeAg阴性的HBV感染母亲母婴传播的效果评估

目的:评价乙型肝炎(简称乙肝)疫苗联合乙肝免疫球蛋白(HBIG)常规免疫预防措施在阻断HBeAg阴性的乙肝病毒(HBV)感染母亲母婴传播的临床效果,观察分娩方式和喂养方式对HBV母婴传播的影响。方法:对2004年1月至2012年3月在本院分娩的231例HBsAg阳性但HBeAg阴性母亲及其252例儿童随访,记录母亲孕期HBIG使用情况、分娩方式、子女出生后免疫预防措施和喂养方式,并采血检测相关指标;199例儿童曾检测脐血HBV标志物。结果:16.08%儿童脐血HBsAg阳性,但所有252例儿童随访时(3.3±2.3岁)HBsAg和抗-HBc均阴性,抗-HBs阳性率74.21%。孕期使用HBIG和未使用HBIG母亲的子女抗-HBs阳性率分别为65.22%和73.33%(χ2=1.797,P>0.05)。剖宫产组和自然分娩组母亲的儿童抗-HBs阳性率分别为76.85%和72.22%(χ2=0.69,P>0.05)。111例儿童为母乳喂养,65例人工喂养,76例混合喂养,抗-HBs阳性率分别68.47%、78.46%和78.95%(χ2=3.417,P>0.05)。结论:HBsAg阳性但HBeAg阴性孕妇的子女经正规免疫预防后,几乎无HBV感染;脐血HBsAg阳性不能确定母婴感染;孕妇孕晚期使用HBIG、分娩和喂养方式对HBV母婴传播和新生儿对乙肝疫苗的抗体应答无影响。     

免疫阻断乙型肝炎病毒母婴传播多中心研究

目的 探讨孕产妇乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg）阳性率及乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）母婴传播阻断的效果。方法 2008－2012年,通过多中心队列研究,对湖北省、山西省、广东省、新疆维吾尔自治区等地的孕产妇进行HBsAg筛查;对上述地区部分医院入院分娩的HBsAg阳性母亲及8～12个月龄婴儿进行随访观察,所有标本检测乙型肝炎血清标志物(HBsAg,HBsAb,HBeAg,HBeAb,HBcAb),部分标本检测HBV DNA。结果　筛查孕妇82214例,HBsAg阳性4924例,阳性率6.0%。随访HBsAg阳性母亲及8～12个月龄婴儿1371对,婴儿免疫阻断失败率3.1%（42/1371）,HBsAg及HBeAg双阳性母亲婴儿的免疫阻断失败率为8.2%。免疫阻断失败的婴儿其母亲均为HBeAg阳性且HBV DNA≥6 log10 copies/mL。HBeAg阳性母亲孕期注射乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白(hepatitis B immune globulin, HBIG)及未注射HBIG组,其婴儿免疫阻断失败率差异无统计学意义(8.8% vs. 8.1%, P=0.807)。结论　多中心调查显示目前孕产妇HBsAg阳性率6.0%,HBV母婴阻断失败率3.1%。HBsAg及HBeAg双阳性且HBV DNA≥6 log10 copies/mL 的孕妇应为母婴阻断的重点人群。孕妇孕期注射HBIG不能提高HBV母婴阻断效果。     

常规免疫预防阻断乙型肝炎病毒母婴感染的效果

目的 评价免疫预防措施在实际应用中阻断乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)母婴感染的效果,阐明孕妇孕晚期使用乙肝免疫球蛋白(hepatitis B immunoglobulin,HBIG)能否减少HBV母婴感染.方法 将2002年7月至2004年8月江苏省14个县市的419例乙型肝炎表面抗原(hepatitis B surface antigen,HBsAg)阳性孕妇所分娩子女作为研究组,同地区同期的453例 HBsAg-孕妇分娩的子女作为对照组,于2009年10月至2010年3月期间对2组研究对象进行随访,调查母亲孕期HBIG使用情况以及子女出生后HBIG和乙型肝炎疫苗接种情况,检测儿童HBV血清标志物.率的比较采用χ2分析或者Fisher精确概率法,均数的比较采用t检验.结果研究组实际随访298例(71.12%),其中11例(3.69%) HBsAg+;而随访的328例(72.41%)对照组中,HBsAg阳性率为0.00 (χ2=12.32,P<0.01).共11例儿童HBsAg+,其母亲均为HBsAg和HBeAg同时阳性,除1例具体情况不详外,9例儿童在出生时明确没有使用HBIG或延迟接种疫苗,仅1例同时规范使用了HBIG和乙型肝炎疫苗.2组儿童抗-HBs阳性率分别为69.46%和69.21% (χ2=0.01,P=0.95).孕晚期注射HBIG的92例孕妇中,2例(2.17%)儿童HBsAg+;未使用HBIG的197例孕妇中,9例(4.57%)儿童HBsAg+ (χ2=0.98,P=0.51).结论 江苏省常规免疫预防措施在阻断母婴HBV感染方面取得了良好的效果,但对HBV携带孕妇(特别是HBeAg+者)的新生儿仍需强调及时注射HBIG.孕妇孕晚期使用HBIG不能减少母婴HBV感染.

Abstract：

Objective To assess the protective effect of vaccination in routine application on hepatitis B virus (HBV) exposed infants and to clarify whether hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) administration of pregnant women may reduce the risk of maternal-fetal transmission of HBV. Methods Serum samples of 6398 pregnant women at gestation of 15-20 weeks from 6 urban and 8 rural areas across Jiangsu province were previously tested for serologic markers of HBV by ELISA from July 2002 to August 2004. In this study, infants born to 419 HBV carrier mothers were taken as the study group, while infants born to 453 non-carrier mothers were taken as the control group by stratified random sampling. They were followed-up and screened for HBV markers during October 2009 to March 2010. Information including HBIG administration during pregnancy, HBV vaccination and HBIG administration of the infants were collected. χ2 test or Fisher′s exact method were used to compare the rates and the comparison of the means was by t test. Results The follow-up rates of the study group and control group were 71.12% (298/419) and 72.41% (328/453), respectively. Of the 298 infants born to HBV carrier mothers, 11 (3.7%) were positive for HBsAg, while none of the 328 infants born to non-carrier mothers was HBsAg positive (χ2=12.32, P<0.01). All of the 11 children were born to mothers with both HBsAg and HBeAg positive, and nine of the 11 children were not injected HBIG or not immunized with hepatitis B vaccine within 24 hours after birth, with only one received regular vaccination and detailed information was unknown in one case. The positive rates of anti-HBs in the study group and the control group were 69.46% and 69.21% respectively (χ2=0.01, P=0.95). HBsAg positive rate of the children born to pregnant women treated with HBIG during late pregnancy (n=92) was 2.17% (n=2), whereas that in the children born to women not treated with HBIG (n=197) was 4.57% (χ2=0.98, P=0.51). Conclusions The protective effect of immunoprophylaxis in routine application against perinatal HBV infection in Jiangsu province is good. Efforts are required to emphasize the importance of HBIG administration in infants born to HBV carrier mothers, especially in HBeAg positive mothers within 24 hours after delivery. Treatment of HBsAg positive pregnant women with HBIG in third trimester would not decrease the risk of maternal-fetal transmission of HBV.     

孕妇产前进行免疫阻断与新生儿乙型肝炎基因疫苗免疫效果关系的研究

目的探讨采用乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白(HBIG)阻断孕妇乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染对新生儿乙型肝炎(简称乙肝)基因疫苗免疫效果的影响。方法对55例HBV标志物阳性孕妇于产前28周、32周和36周分别给予HBIG 200IU免疫阻断作为阻断组；31例HBV标志物阳性孕妇未给予HBIG免疫阻断作为未阻断组；同期选择HBV标志物阴性孕妇42例作为对照组。对三组新生儿分别给予乙肝基因疫苗的免疫接种，并分别于1个月、2个月、7个月和12个月龄采集外周血检测HBV标志物及丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)。结果阻断组、未阻断组和对照组新生儿免疫保护率分别为87.3%(48/55)、77.4%(24/31)和97.6%(41/42)；未阻断组与对照组间比较具有统计学意义(P<0.01)；对“大三阳”孕妇的阻断效果最好，新生儿抗HBs阳转率从33.3%上升到71.4%。结论对HBV感染孕妇采用HBIG免疫阻断，可以降低宫内感染及母婴传播的发生率；分娩时孕妇HBV感染状态对新生儿抗HBs阳转率可能产生一定程度的影响。     

孕妇乙型肝炎病毒携带状态与母婴传播的研究

目的 :探讨孕妇乙型肝炎 (乙肝 )病毒 (HBV)携带状态与母婴传播的关系。方法 :用荧光定量PCR法检测HBV表面抗原 (HBsAg)阳性孕妇血清中HBV脱氧核糖核酸(HBVDNA)及脐血HBVDNA ,婴儿出生后 1 2h内及第 1 4天注射乙肝免疫球蛋白 ,并按0、1、6的程序全程接种乙肝疫苗 ,进行前瞻性随访研究 ,分别于婴儿 7月及 1 2月时随访 ,检测HBVDNA及乙肝血清标志物 ,婴儿 7月时未感染乙肝但抗 HBs阴性者加强注射乙肝疫苗 5μg。 结果 :HBsAg、HBeAg及抗 HBc阳性孕妇的新生儿脐血HBVDNA阳性率为1 8.37% (9/ 4 9) ;HBsAg及HBeAg双阳性者为 1 2 .50 % (2 / 1 6) ;HBsAg及抗 HBc阳性者为1 2 .50 % (3/ 2 4 ) ;HBsAg,抗 HBe和抗 HBc阳性者为 1 .37% (1 / 73) ;脐血HBVDNA阳性的新生儿均生于HBVDNA阳性的母亲 ,阳性率为 1 8.52 % (1 5/ 81 ) ,不同HBV携带状态的脐血阳性率有统计学差异。总母婴传播率为 9.78%。结论 :孕妇HBV携带状态与母婴传播有关 ,孕妇血清HBeAg阳性或HBVDNA含量高是母婴传播的重要因素之一 ,孕妇血清HBVDNA阴性者母婴垂直传播的风险极小。在新生儿、婴儿接受被动及主动全程联合免疫的条件下 ,产时、产后HBV的母婴传播可以预防     

IL-2、IL-6在HBV母婴传播中的作用

目的探讨IL2、IL6在乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)母婴传播中的作用。方法2002年1月至2003年3月中山大学附属第三医院检测53例HBsAg阳性孕妇和13例正常妊娠孕妇及其新生儿的HBV血清标志物、HBVDNA和IL2、IL6。结果与正常妊娠孕妇比较,孕28～29周时HBsAg阳性孕妇其血IL2水平明显降低,IL6水平明显升高,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。使用HBIG行产前阻断治疗后,HBsAg阳性孕妇的IL2水平上升、IL6水平下降,治疗前后差异有显著性(P<0.05)。HBsAg阳性孕妇未使用药物治疗组和正常妊娠组的IL2、IL6水平,孕28～29周和分娩前比较,差异无显著性(P>0.1)。HBsAg阳性孕妇使用HBIG治疗组和未治疗组,宫内感染率分别为6.25%和28.60%,两组差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论HBsAg阳性孕妇的IL2、IL6水平失衡。产前应用HBIG可改善HBsAg阳性孕妇的IL2、IL6失衡状态,使其向Th1方向发展,这可能是HBIG阻断HBV宫内感染的机制之一。     

新生儿乙型肝炎病毒血清标志物检测及其转归

目的探讨乙型肝炎病毒携带产妇所生新生儿血清乙型肝炎病毒标志物(HBV-M)转归。方法2001年3月至2006年3月在暨南大学附属第一医院进行产前检查的500例HBsAg阳性产妇所生新生儿，根据母亲HBeAg状态分为HBeAg阳性组144例，HBeAg阴性组356例。两组新生儿在出生12 h内均注射乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白100 IU，并按常规0、1、6方案分别在出生时、1月龄和6月龄注射基因重组乙型肝炎疫苗5 μg，注射主被动免疫前分别抽取外周静脉血检测HBV-M。结果两组新生儿出生时外周血HBsAg、HBeAg均阳性者分别为24例和9例，追踪至6月龄时HBsAg阳性例数分别为10例和5例，HBsAg阴转率差异无统计学意义。两组新生儿出生时HBsAg阳性、HBeAg阴性者分别为4例和21例，追踪至6月龄时，HBsAg阴转率分别为100%和85.7%。出生时HBsAg阴性、HBeAg阳性者，HBeAg阳性组为29例，占20.1%，显著高于HBeAg阴性组比例(P<0.01)，其6月龄HBsAg阳转率为6.9%，明显低于HBeAg阴性组(P<0.01)。在接受全程主被动免疫的情况下，HBeAg阳性组新生儿6月龄HBsAg和HBsAb阳性率分别为9.7%和67.4%，HBeAg阴性组分别为3.1%和78.1%，两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论新生儿出生时外周血HBsAg阳性不能作为判断宫内感染的指标，HBeAg阳性新生儿预后与母亲HBeAg状态密切相关，母亲HBeAg阳性会抑制新生儿对乙型肝炎疫苗的反应。     

剖宫产不能减少乙型肝炎病毒母婴传播

目的 探讨剖宫产能否降低乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)母婴传播的风险.方法 回顾性分析2002年7月至2004年8月采集并保存的江苏省14个县市妊娠15～20周孕妇的外周血血清,采用固相酶联免疫法检测HBV血清学标志物,其中419例单胎妊娠孕妇HBsAg阳性,进一步采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应技术定量检测HBV DNA.2009年10月至2010年3月,对这419例孕妇所分娩的子女进行随访,随访到298例(71.1％),纳入资料完整、按“0、1、6月”方案正规接种乙肝疫苗的281例儿童为研究对象,采血检测HBV血清学标志物.比较剖宫产组和阴道分娩组儿童5～7岁时的HBV感染率.采用t检验、x2检验或Fisher精确概率法进行统计分析.结果 (1)剖宫产组136例和阴道分娩组145例,比较2组孕妇妊娠期HBeAg阳性率[25.7％(35/136)与34.5％(50/145)]和HBeAg阳性者的HBV DNA水平[(2.30×106) IU/ml与(2.09×106) IU/ml],以及所分娩子女在新生儿期注射乙肝免疫球蛋白(hepatitis B immunoglobulin,HBIG)的比例[38.2％(52/136)与35.9％(52/145)]、婴儿期母乳喂养比例[82.4％(112/136)与75.9％(110/145)]、儿童随访时年龄[(5.9±0.8)岁与(6.0±0.6)岁]等指标,差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).(2)281例儿童中,272例(96.8％) HBsAg阴性,9例(3.2％)HBsAg阳性,163例(58.0％)抗-HBs阳性.剖宫产组和阴道分娩组儿童的HBsAg阳性率[2.9％(4/136)与3.4％(5/145)]、自限性感染(HBsAg阴性且抗-HBc阳性)率[0.0％(0/136)与1.4％(2/145)]、抗-HBs阳性率[57.4％(78/136)与58.6％(85/145)]比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05). 结论 剖官产不能减少HBV母婴传播,临床工作中,不建议为阻断HBV母婴传播而选择剖宫产.     

妊娠晚期注射乙肝免疫球蛋白无助于阻断乙型肝炎病毒母婴传播

母婴传播是乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染的主要途径之一.既往有学者报道,妊娠晚期注射乙肝免疫球蛋白(hepatitis B immunoglobulin,HBIG)可降低HBV母婴传播率[1,2],但亦有学者提出异议[3],认为妊娠期使用HBIG不能降低孕妇病毒载量,对阻断HBV母婴传播无效[4,5].本研究分析了538例妊娠晚期使用HBIG和817例妊娠期未使用HBIG的HBV携带孕妇及其新生儿资料,旨在探讨妊娠期使用HBIG阻断HBV母婴传播的效果,现将结果报道如下.     

孕妇乙肝免疫球蛋白被动免疫阻断HBV母婴垂直传播作用机理的研究

目的 :研究HBV阳性孕妇孕期应用乙肝免疫球蛋白 (HBIG)预防HBV宫内感染的作用机理。方法 :将 78例乙肝表面抗原 (HBsAg)阳性孕妇分为两组 :预防组 30例 ,于孕 2 8、32、36周肌肉注射HBIG 3次 ,每次 2 0 0IU ;对照组 4 8例 ,只随访查体不用药。检测母儿血清乙肝标志物 (HBVM)和细胞因子IFN γ ,IL 12 ,IL 6水平用双抗夹心酶联免疫吸附法 (DAS ELISA) ,测定HBVDNA含量用荧光定量PCR(FQ PCR)技术。结果 :78例HB sAg阳性孕妇分娩的新生儿宫内感染 10例 ,宫内感染率为 12 .82 % .HBIG预防组孕妇的胎儿HBV感染率显著低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;预防组新生儿脐血清抗 HBs检出率显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 0 1) ;预防组孕妇血清中IFN γ ,IL 12水平显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,IL 6水平、HBVDNA含量则显著低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :孕妇HBIG被动免疫可有效阻断HBV母婴垂直传播。     

Prevention of vertical hepatitis B transmission by hepatitis B immunoglobulin in the third trimester of pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the possible efficacy of using hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) during the third trimester of pregnancy to prevent intrauterine transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV). METHODS: Of 469 pregnant women testing positive for hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg), 126 had hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and 343 did not. RESULTS: There were women who declined to be treated with HBIG in these 2 groups. Among infants born to HBeAg-positive mothers, the rates of those testing positive for HBsAg at birth and at the 6-month visit were significantly lower when the mothers had been treated with HBIG (P<0.05). Among infants born to HBeAg-negative mothers, however, no significant differences were found whether the mothers had been treated or not. Furthermore, all newborns received HBIG treatment and the first dose of a vaccination schedule within 12 h of birth. At the 6-month visit the protective anti-HBs rates were only 32.3% among infants whose mothers were HBeAg-positive and 56.2% among those whose mothers were HBeAg-negative when their mothers had not been treated with HBIG during pregnancy, whereas the corresponding rates were as high as 75.8% and 88.7% when the mothers had been treated. CONCLUSION: Maternal administration of HBIG is effective in preventing intrauterine fetal HBV infection in HBsAg-positive, HBeAg-positive pregnant women and in improving immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants born to HBV carriers.     

More confined indications for use of combined passive and active immunization for preventing perinatal development of hepatitis B virus carrier-state--based on the natural history of hepatitis B virus-vertical transmission

To find more confined criteria for use of passive and/or active immunization for preventing perinatal development of hepatitis B virus (HBV) carrier-state than maternal HBe antigenemia, maternal HBsAg-titers (R-PHA) around delivery and infantile HBeAg-titers-(EIA) are discussed. No children whose maternal HBsAg-titers around delivery were lower than 3(6) developed carrier-state in spite of maternal HBe antigenemia. In addition, at age 2 months serum HBeAg-titers of 6 children who had acquired persistent HBsAb were lower than 25, while those of 5 children who had developed carrier-state were higher than 70. These findings may contribute to the establishment of more confined indications for the administration of HBIG and/or HB vaccine to the children born to HBeAg-positive carrier women, saving not only HBIG and HB vaccine but all accompanied efforts of both patients and medical staff as well.     

Anaphylactic shock due to hepatitis B immunoglobulin in a newborn

Hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) is administered for the passive immunisation of all infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers within 12?h of birth. Adverse effects of HBIG are very rare. In this study, we report a newborn (a female, 33 weeks' gestation and 2030?g birth weight) developing anaphylaxis after HBIG administration. The mother was a Hepatitis B virus (HBV) carrier. Hypotension and erythematous rash developed 7?min after HBIG administration. Reporting the first anaphylaxis case in newborns due to HBIG in literature, we suggest the condition be taken into account, and requisite precautions should be taken against this probable complication in the newborn.     

乙型肝炎病毒携带者母乳喂养的研究

目的探讨乙型肝炎(乙肝)病毒(hepatitis B virus，HBV)携带者在其新生儿、婴儿接受被动及主动全程联合免疫的条件下，是否可以母乳喂养。方法对2001年9月至2003年10月间妊娠期无症状HBV携带者所娩婴儿进行前瞻性随访研究，新生儿出生时留取脐血检测HBV脱氧核糖核酸(HBV DNA)，出生后12h内及第14天注射乙肝免疫球蛋白，并按0、1、6的程序全程接种乙肝疫苗，由产妇自愿选择母乳喂养或人工喂养，55例母乳喂养，36例人工喂养。分别于婴儿7个月和12个月时随访检测HBV DNA及乙肝血清标志物，婴儿7个月时未感染乙肝但抗-HBs阴性者给予乙肝疫苗5μg加强注射。结果婴儿7个月和12月时，母乳喂养组HBV DNA阳性率分别为9．09％(5／55)及9．09％(5／55)，抗HBs阳性率分别为85．45％(47／55)及90．90％(50／55)；人工喂养组HBVDNA阳性率分别为8．33％(3／36)及8．33％(3／36)，抗HBs阳性率分别为86．11％(31／36)及91．67％(33／36)。母乳喂养与人工喂养相比，差异均无统计学意义。结论在新生儿、婴儿接受被动及主动全程联合免疫的条件下，无症状HBV携带者可以母乳喂养。     

Hepatitis B virus surface antibody titers in babies administered hepatitis B immune globulin both intravenously and intramuscularly after birth

Objective: High rates of vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection from carrier mothers to their babies are observed in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive mothers under the existing protocol. The current status suggests that the existing protocol may be insufficient for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) in HBeAg-positive mothers. To achieve complete prevention of HBV vertical transmission, we designed a protocol implementing intravenous administration along with ordinary intramuscular administration of HBV immune globulin (HBIG) to the baby after birth.

Methods: We compared the HBV surface antibody (HBsAb) titer in babies who were simultaneously administered HBIG both intravenously and intramuscularly after birth with that in babies who received HBIG only intramuscularly.

Results: The HBsAb titer rose rapidly after administration in the combined administration group, and the elevated titer was maintained for approximately 2 months. Although the antibody titer at the peak was nearly 6 times greater in the combined administration group than in the intramuscular administration group, the combined administration of HBIG did not have any effect on total IgG antibody levels in the bloodstream.

Conclusion: The combined protocol was demonstrated to be safe and superior to the protocol of only intramuscular HBIG administration with respect to rapid elevation of HBsAb in the bloodstream. It could be an effective method for the prevention of MTCT in HBeAg-positive mothers.     

Prenatal transmission of hepatitis B virus to neonates born to serum hepatitis B virus DNA-positive mothers.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA was detected by in vitro enzymatic DNA amplification techniques in 66.7% (six of nine) of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive and in 21.1% (7 of 33) of HBsAg-negative pregnant women. Five of the HBV DNA and HBsAg-positive women and one HBV DNA-positive but HBsAg-negative woman gave birth to infants positive for serum HBV DNA at time of birth. These results suggest that HBsAg-negative pregnant women are potentially capable of transmitting HBV DNA to their infants.     

131例乙肝孕妇行介入性产前诊断的垂直传播风险分析

目的了解行介入性诊断的乙肝孕妇发生垂直传播的风险情况。方法回顾性分析2017年7月至2018年6月间来广东省妇幼保健院产前诊断科行介入性产前诊断、符合纳入标准的乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性孕妇及其所生婴儿的临床资料,总结不同穿刺类型、不同穿刺指征、是否合并乙肝e抗原(HBeAg)阳性等情况下的母婴垂直传播风险。结果本研究共纳入131例(含双胎5例)乙肝孕妇和136例所生婴儿,共3例(2.21%)在乙肝联合免疫后依然被检出感染乙肝;HBeAg阴性和HBeAg阳性孕妇所生婴儿发生感染的几率分别为1.09%(1/92)和5.71%(2/35);乙肝病毒DNA定量超过106IU/ml和107IU/ml的垂直传播率分别为4.35%(1/23)和5.00%(1/20);行羊膜腔穿刺术、脐静脉穿刺术和绒毛吸取术的乙肝孕妇发生垂直传播的几率分别为1.11%(1/90)、2.56%(1/39)和14.29%(1/7);因超声异常表现和其他非超声异常指征行介入性产前诊断孕妇发生垂直传播的风险分别为2.82%(2/71)和1.54%(1/65);10例孕妇孕期接受了抗病毒治疗,该10例所生婴儿均未发生感染。结论乙肝孕妇行介入性产前诊断有发生母婴垂直传播的风险,仍需大样本研究进一步探讨。     

Amniocentesis in mothers who are hepatitis B virus carriers does not expose the infant to an increased risk of hepatitis B virus infection

Sixty-seven pairs of mothers with hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) and their infants were divided into two study groups to determine the effect of amniocentesis on intrauterine HBV infection. In the first study group (35 pairs), the infant's HBsAg status in cord blood was studied and the results were compared with those obtained in the cord blood from 65 infants born to HBsAg-positive women who did not have an amniocentesis. In the second study group (32 pairs), the HBV status of the infants was studied at the age of three months to five years and compared with the HBV status of 3,454 infants in the National HBV Prevention Program. In the first study group, one sample (2.9%) was weakly positive for HBsAg; while in the first control group, two (3.1%) were positive. In the second study group, three (10%) infants were positive for HBsAg. The failure rates of immunoprophylaxis in the second study and control groups were similar (9.4% vs 11% for HBsAg carrier mothers; 30% vs 14% for HBe antigen-positive carrier mothers). This suggested that genetic amniocentesis did not increase the risk of intrauterine HBV infection.