不同价态锰对神经母细胞瘤细胞的氧化损伤作用

目的　探讨不同价态、不同浓度锰引起神经细胞的脂质过氧化对细胞的损伤作用。方法　分别用 0 ,0 2 5 ,0 5 0 ,0 75mmol/L二价锰、三价锰对神经母细胞瘤细胞 (SH SY5Y)染毒 2 4h ,观察测定细胞超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH Px)、丙二醛 (MDA)、GSH Px/MDA及细胞膜脂荧光各向异性的变化。结果　二价锰、三价锰染毒各低、中、高剂量组细胞SOD活力 [(5 2 2 1 2± 5 7 74 ) ,(4 98 38± 37 2 9) ,(4 6 4 86± 2 4 0 9)和 (4 99 79± 30 86 ) ,(4 77 2 3± 6 1 6 6 ) ,(4 35 95± 74 0 4 )NU/mg蛋白 ]与对照组[(86 1 2 4± 35 74 )NU/mg蛋白 ]比较明显降低 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ;GSH Px活力 [(1 9 0 4± 5 1 6 ) ,(1 7 74± 5 91 ) ,(1 5 99± 5 6 2 )和 (1 6 5 8± 6 1 9) ,(1 5 79± 7 2 9) ,(1 4 2 3± 5 2 0 )活力单位 ]均较对照组[(2 9 2 3± 7 83)活力单位 ]降低 ,差异有非常显著性 (P <0 0 1 ) ;GSH Px/MDA较对照组降低 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而MDA和细胞膜脂荧光各向异性有所升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ;相同染毒剂量情况下 ,三价锰组上述指标的变化比二价锰组明显。结论　锰通过抑制SOD、GSH Px活力 ,降低细胞抗氧化能力 ,造成细胞膜功能的损伤。三     

锌对镉所致大鼠含锌酶活性降低的保护作用

[目的]探讨锌对镉所致大鼠肝脏及血清中含锌酶[主要为碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、过氧化物歧化酶(SOD) ]活性降低的保护作用。[方法]将3 6只Wistar大鼠随机分成6组:(1)正常对照组;(2 )补锌对照组;(3 )低镉组(0 .5mg/kg) ;(4 )锌+低镉组;(5 )高镉组(2mg/kg) ;(6)锌+高镉组。均以普通饲料饲养。(1)、(3 )、(5 )组自由饮去离子水,(2 ) (4 )、(6)组自由饮加锌的去离子水后第6天,(3 )、(4 )组和(5 )、(6)组分别腹腔注射0 .5、2mg/kgCd离子折算量的氯化镉溶液,(1)、(2 )组腹腔注射生理盐水,均2 4h后断头处死,取出肝脏,分别测定各组肝脏及血清中ALP、SOD活性。[结果]正常对照组肝组织SOD活性为(77.963±12 .915 )NU/mg蛋白,ALP活性为(13 .0 66±4.198)U/L ,高镉组SOD活性降至(60 .0 2 1±9.481)NU/mg蛋白(P <0 .0 5 ) ,ALP活性降至(1.93 9±1.0 5 6)U/L(P <0 .0 5 )。对照组血清ALP活性为(3 1.2 60±2 .45 9)U/L ,染镉后降至(17.677±3 .70 4)U/L(P <0 .0 5 ) ,预先补锌后再染镉可见锌+高镉组肝组织SOD活性升高(P <0 .0 5 ) ,锌+低镉组血清ALP活性升高(P <0 .0 5 )。[结论]锌对镉所致大鼠肝脏及血清中含锌酶活性的降低有保护作用。     

不同价态锰对大鼠脑和肝及心SOD活力的影响

目的　观察不同价态锰染毒后对大鼠脑、肝和心肌超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活力的影响。方法　大鼠经腹腔分别注射氯化锰 (MnCl2 ·4H2 O ,Mn2 + )和醋酸锰 (C6H9O6Mn·2H2 O ,Mn3 + ) ,按 6mg/kg剂量连续染毒1个月后 ,测定脑、肝和心肌组织中SOD活力 ;另提取大鼠脑组织SOD ,分为 5个染毒剂量组 (0 ,2 5 ,5 ,1 0 ,2 0 μmol/L) ,二价锰和三价锰染毒后分别测定SOD活力。结果　经Mn2 + 、Mn3 + 染毒后 1 8个月龄和 4个月龄大鼠脑组织SOD活力低于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;经Mn2 + 染毒后 ,1 8个月龄和 4个月龄大鼠肝SOD活力明显低于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;经Mn3 + 染毒后 ,1 8个月龄大鼠肝SOD活力明显低于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。低剂量锰体外染毒可促进大鼠脑组织SOD活力 ;较高剂量锰则抑制SOD活力 ,且与对照组比较差异均有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　不同价态、不同剂量锰染毒不同月龄大鼠对其不同组织SOD活力的影响是不同的     

硝酸铈对小鼠内脏形态结构影响

目的观察不同浓度的硝酸铈对小鼠各主要内脏脏器系数及形态结构的影响。方法84只体重为(20±5)g的小白鼠,随机分成7组,分别以0.004,0.02,0.1,0.5,2.5,12.5 mg/ml硝酸铈的剂量,按0.1 ml/10(g.bw)经口灌胃,每周3次,连续6周,对照组灌以等剂量的生理盐水。染毒结束后处死动物,迅速取肝脏、肺、肾脏、脾脏,用生理盐水清洗后准确称重,并进行各脏器组织切片的光镜检查。结果低浓度的铈使肝体比显著下降,而各浓度的铈都能使肾体比极显著升高。当Ce(NO3)3剂量≥0.5 mg/ml时,肝脏、肺和肾脏有明显的病理性变化。结论铈具有较强的毒害作用,其作用的主要靶器官为肝脏、肺和肾脏。     

利谷隆原药对大鼠亚慢性经口毒性试验的研究

为研究取代脲类除草剂利谷隆原药的亚慢性经口毒性作用 ,采用国标GB15 6 70 1995亚慢性经口毒性试验方法进行了实验研究。结果显示与对照组相比 ,雌、雄性大鼠高剂量给药组 (4 0mg kgBW ,5 4mg kgBW)出现精神萎糜等神经、精神中毒症状 ,体重增长速度显著性降低 (P <0 0 5 ) ;雌性大鼠血清中谷丙转氨酶 ,雌、雄性大鼠胆红素含量明显增高 (P <0 0 5 ) ;雌性大鼠肝、脾脏器系数 ,雄性大鼠肝、脾、肾、睾丸脏器系数明显增高 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :取代脲类除草剂利谷隆原药影响大鼠体重增长并对大鼠多脏器造成了损害。雌性大鼠亚慢性经口最大无作用剂量为 6 8mg kgBW ;雄性大鼠为 9 3mg kgBW。     

修饰蓖麻毒素减轻其对小鼠肝毒性的研究

目的　探讨化学修饰后的蓖麻毒素 (RT)对小鼠肝脏毒性及其抗癌作用的变化。方法　测定RT及其修饰物N [3 (2 吡啶二硫基 )丙酰基 ]蓖麻毒素 (RT PDP)染毒小鼠血清谷胱甘肽转硫酶 (GST)活力、肝组织谷胱甘肽 (GSH)含量 ,电镜下观察染毒小鼠肝脏的病理改变。结果　随着RT及RT PDP染毒剂量的增加 ,小鼠血清GST活力随之增加 ,且RT组小鼠血清GST活力高于RT PDP组。当染毒剂量均为 12 .5、15 .0 μg/kg时 ,RT组小鼠血清GST活力 [(93.6 5± 12 .30 )、(15 3.71±2 6 .6 4 )IU/L]明显高于RT PDP组 [(6 2 .97± 11.2 2 )、(78.2 0± 15 .71)IU/L],差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;RT和RT PDP各剂量染毒组小鼠肝组织GSH含量均随染毒剂量增加而下降 ,当染毒剂量为 2 .5、5 .0、7.5、10 .0、15 .0 μg/kg时 ,RT组小鼠肝组织匀浆中GSH含量分别为 (3.5 3± 0 .95 )、(2 .12± 0 .5 4 )、(1.82±0 .71)、(1.5 2± 0 .34)、(0 .81± 0 .36 ) μmol/L ,RT PDP组小鼠肝组织匀浆中GSH含量分别为 (6 .34±1.4 3)、(4.14± 1.82 )、(3.5 4± 0 .6 4 )、(2 .73± 1.82 )、(1.82± 0 .6 2 ) μmol/L ,RT PDP组仍明显高于RT组 ,差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ;电镜观察显示 ,RT对小鼠肝细胞的损伤大于RT PDP。结论　化学修饰蓖麻毒素可     

苯醚甲环唑的亚慢性经口毒性

目的研究苯醚甲环唑原药对大鼠的主要亚慢性毒性作用及无明显损害作用剂量。方法按照GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学实验方法》中大鼠亚慢性经口毒性试验方法进行,设0、300、900、2 700 mg/kg 4个剂量组。结果中剂量组(900 mg/kg)雌性大鼠肝/体比、肾/体比高于对照组,雄性大鼠RBC计数、血容积比(HCT)低于对照组,高剂量组(2 700 mg/kg)雌性大鼠体重总增加量、总摄食量、总食物利用率低于对照组,肝/体比、肾/体比高于对照组,雄性大鼠肝/体比高于对照组,RBC、HGB、HCT、球蛋白(GLOB)平低于对照组,碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活力高于对照组。上述观察指标均存在剂量-效应关系。结论苯醚甲环唑原药的无明显损害作用剂量(NOAEL)为:雄性大鼠(20.94±2.64)mg/(kg.d),雌性大鼠(24.54±1.35)mg/(kg.d)。     

溴氰菊酯对大鼠神经系统的氧化应激作用

目的　观察溴氰菊酯(DM)在大鼠大脑皮层和海马组织诱导的脂质过氧化作用。方法　DM3.12 5、12 .5 0 0mg/kg染毒大鼠,测定其大脑皮层和海马组织丙二醛(MDA)水平和总超氧化物歧化酶(T SOD ,包括Mn SOD和CuZn SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽S 转移酶(GST)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH Px)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活力。脑组织细胞质碎片γ谷氨酰半胱氨酸合成酶(γGCS)活力和GSH含量用OPA柱前衍生反相高效液相色谱荧光法检测。结果　DM染毒5d ,(1) 12 .5 0 0mg/kgDM组大鼠大脑皮层MDA含量高于3.12 5mg/kgDM组,海马MDA含量高于对照组和3.12 5mg/kgDM组。(2 )两组DM染毒大鼠大脑皮层T SOD和CuZn SOD活力均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P <0 .0 1或P <0 .0 5 )。(3) 12 .5 0 0mg/kgDM组大鼠大脑皮层GSH含量高于对照组,海马GSH含量低于对照组和3.12 5mg/kgDM组;3.12 5mg/kgDM组大鼠大脑皮层GR活力[(11.80±5 .15 )U/mgpro]低于对照组和12 .5 0 0mg/kgDM组[(18.98±3.6 8)、(17.35±2 .4 7)U/mgpro],3.12 5、12 .5 0 0mg/kgDM组大鼠海马GR活力[(2 1.4 6±8.89)、(2 1.6 3±4 .92 )U/mgpro]均低于对照组[(31.2 2±6 .97)U/mgpro];12 .5 0 0mg/kgDM组海马γGCS活力[(1.75±0 .6 0 )nmol·mgpro-1·min-1]低于对照组和     

甲萘威对雌性大鼠血清雌激素水平及抗氧化系统功能的影响

目的观察甲萘威对雌性大鼠的生殖毒性并初步探讨其机制。方法雌性SD大鼠经口染毒甲萘威,剂量为0、1.028、5.140、25.704mg·kg-1·d-1。阴道脱落细胞涂片法观察大鼠动情周期的变化;放射免疫法测定其血清雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P4)水平;分光光度法测定其血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)的活力以及丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量。结果各剂量甲萘威染毒组大鼠动情周期数明显低于对照组。染毒后15d大鼠动情各期出现变化,与对照组的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。25.704mg·kg-1·d-1组大鼠体重增长明显低于对照组。各剂量染毒组大鼠的多个脏器系数均明显降低。25.704mg·kg-1·d-1组大鼠血清中E2水平为(19.93±2.21)nmoll,1.028mg·kg-1·d-1组大鼠P4水平为(1.21±0.40)nmoll,与对照组[(28.76±6.12)、(0.63±0.39)nmolL]的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随染毒剂量增高,大鼠SOD活力在卵巢先降后升,在血清中略升后下降;MDA含量则呈在卵巢中渐升高、在血清中略升后降低趋势;GSH含量和GST活力在卵巢中呈先降后升趋势,但在血清中,GSH含量呈下降趋势,GST活力先上升后下降。结论甲萘威可致雌性大鼠动情周期紊乱及雌激素水平改变,对大鼠的抗氧化系统产生一定影响。     

慢性苯染毒小鼠DNA损伤及体内抗氧化酶的变化

目的　了解苯对体内DNA的损伤作用、机制以及抗氧化酶体系的变化情况。方法　对小鼠进行静式吸入染毒 2个月 ,每天 4h ,采用单细胞凝胶电泳技术对骨髓细胞及外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤进行检测 ;同时检测肝、脾、脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH Px的活力及丙二醛 (MDA)含量。结果　低浓度组与高浓度组小鼠骨髓细胞及外周血淋巴细胞彗星百分率分别为骨髓细胞 (83.5 6 %± 10 .2 8% )、(92 .5 4 %± 15 .93% ) ;外周血淋巴细胞 (41.2 7%± 6 .0 3% )、(6 5 .79± 11.6 2 % ) ,明显高于对照组 (4.13%± 0 .5 2 %、2 .2 1%± 0 .31% ) ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ,并呈剂量 -反应关系。高、低浓度组小鼠肝匀浆SOD活力 [(75 4 .33± 116 .30 )、(6 94 .2 6± 116 .30 )U/mgpro],GSH Px活力分别为 [(2 2 .5 2± 3.31)、(18.5 6± 4 .97)U/mgpro]均明显低于对照组分别为 [(999.92± 188.2 4 )、(35 .31± 6 .6 3)U/mgpro],差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,但两组间差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;高、低浓度组小鼠脾匀浆GSH Px活力分别为 [(31.38± 2 .71)、(2 5 .30± 7.4 4 )U/mgpro],均明显低于对照组 [(37.11± 3.4 2 )U/mgpro],差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,且组间差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )     

医疗服务操作分类与编码的设计与应用简

医疗服务操作分类与编码是医学信息标准化的重要组成部分,是临床数据提取、分析和应用的基础。世界卫生组织及世界多国一直致力于开发、更新和维护此分类与编码。我国此前一直沿袭美国准备在2014年停止使用的ICD-9-CM-3（卷3）,中国需要结合国际主流设计思路,根据国情开发出适宜的多轴、一体化的医疗服务操作分类与编码体系。     

环境中双酚A的污染及降解去除的研究进展

近10年来随着科学与社会的发展，环境雌激素污染日益引起人们的关注。双酚A是环境雌激素的一种，用途广泛，但具有多方面的毒性。对其毒理、污染及降解去除的研究已经成为国际上的研究热点。该文拟对上述几方面的研究进展情况作一简要介绍。     

黄体功能不健的调控机理

主要就引起卵巢黄体功能不健的因素 ,分别从激素调节、细胞因子 (VEGF、TNF α、BFGF、IFN γ、IGF)、C myc、Fas、SGP 2基因调控以及细胞连接、细胞粘附分子、NO等对卵巢功能的调节及对黄体细胞的凋亡影响进行阐述 ,认为卵泡发育不良、颗粒细胞、黄体细胞的凋亡与黄体功能不足有密切的关系。且多种细胞因子、基因表达产物参与此过程的调控。深入的研究这一调控机制 ,对于进一步了解卵巢卵泡生长发育、卵泡闭锁及黄体细胞凋亡的内在机制有重要意义     

HIS与PACS软件融合方案的设计与实现

目的：实现PACS与HIS的系统集成。方法：使用Powerbuilder设计电子申请系统，利用Oracle存储过程实现不同系统间的数据同步。结果：完成了第四军医大学西京医院的PACS／HIS软件融合，经临床应用，反应良好。结论：系统集成应根据医院需求，由信息科牵头，多方论证，遵循高可用性、低耦合度的原则，在保证软件实用、流程合理的前提下，应最大限度地压缩新旧流程的共存时间。     

Intake of dietary phytoestrogen and indices of antioxidant and bone metabolism of pre- and post-menopausal Korean women

A group of 101 women, aged 40-65 years consisted of 48 premenopausal subjects and 53 postmenopausal ones living in Daegu and Gyeongbuk area in Korea were evaluated with their general characteristics, lifestyle factors, nutrient and phytoestrogen intakes, blood and urinary indices concerning antioxidant status and bone metabolism. Body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio (WHR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) of the postmenopausal women were significantly higher (23.8, 0.86, and 126.9 mmHg, respectively) than those of the premenopausal women (22.6, 0.82, and 115.9 mmHg; respectively). Nutrient intakes of the postmenopausal and premenopausal groups were not different except lower fat intake and higher dietary fiber and iron intakes in the postmenopausal group. Daily total phytoestrogen intake was significantly higher in the postmenopausal group (48.54 mg) than the premenopausal (31.41 mg) and was resulted mostly from higher intakes of daidzein and genistein from soy and soy products (45.42 mg vs 28.91 mg). Serum genistein level and excretion of enterolactone, major lignan metabolite, were not very different between the two groups. Serum retinal and α- tocopherol levels were higher in the postmenopausal group but TBARS levels were not different between the two groups. Serum osteocalcin (7.18 ng/mL) and urinary deoxypyridinoline (7.15 nmol/mmol creatinine), in the postmenopausal group were significantly higher than those in the premenopausal group (4.80 ng/mL, 5.95 nmol/mmol creatinine). Urinary excretion of enterolactone was positively correlated with serum osetocalcin in premenopausal women and serum genistein negatively correlated with the urinary DPD in postmenopausal women. Dietary phytoestrogen intake was negatively correlated with serum level of TBARS in all subjects. It is concluded that the effect of total phytoestrogen intake is beneficial on body antioxidant status in all middle-aged women regardless of menopause but the effect on bone metabolism appears different by the type of the phytoestrogen and the menopausal state.     

Reliability and validity of indices of hand-grip strength and endurance

Background/aim: Grip strength is useful in clinical practice for the assessment of disease and/or rehabilitation progression. Brief maximal gripping is seldom required in everyday occupations, with repeated or sustained gripping at sub‐maximal power more commonly involved. It has been proposed that assessment of both maximal hand‐grip force and endurance is utilised. While the suitability of maximal contraction measures has been clearly established, the reliability and validity of other hand‐grip indices have not been investigated. This study examined the reliability of various hand‐grip indices and their validity in relation to distance walked during the six‐minute walk test, a standardised exercise capacity test. Methods: Subjects undertook static sub‐maximal (50%) and maximal force contraction hand‐grip testing from which various indices were derived, and six‐minute walk testing from which distance walked was determined. Testing was repeated on three separate occasions for determination of test–retest reliability. Results: Pre‐ and post‐fatigue maximal contraction measurements demonstrated excellent test–retest reliability and validity. Conversely, other hand‐grip indices were shown to be unreliable and exhibited no relationship with distance walked and hence concurrent validity could not be established. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that pre‐ and post‐fatigue maximal contraction may be utilised for the assessment of client ability and progression due to their established validity and test–retest reliability. However, previously proposed measures of fatigue such as endurance (duration of sustained contraction), Strength Decrement Index and work performed (function of endurance and force of contraction) are unreliable and invalid and may have limited use in clinical practice.     

疾病预防控制机构实验室设备资产配置及缺口研究

目的明确2002～2005年疾病预防控制机构设备资产配置变化情况。方法全国系统抽样调查省市县各级疾病预防控制机构的各类设备配置种类和数量,计算设备资产,和标准比较得到缺口。结果疾病预防控制机构实验室设备资产配置明显增加,但缺口仍然很大,就A类设备缺口达到50·2亿。     

Evaluation of impact of temperature and pH alterations on the size and antigenicity of meningococcal serogroup A and X polysaccharides and conjugates

The changes in the recommended storage conditions of the glycoconjugate vaccines against Neisseria meningitidis (Men) serogroup A and serogroup X can affect its activity or potency. Elevated temperature and the change in pH may result in the physical instability leading to the size degradation of the polysaccharide (PS) and subsequent loss of PS epitopes. Moreover, high temperature may also result in protein aggregation and altered tertiary structure of the protein in the conjugate. Consequently, the construction of a potent glycoconjugate is dependent on optimal temperature and pH. The changes in both these conditions can also affect the production of a capsular polysaccharide (PS) and its conjugation to a protein carrier and may also affect the integrity of the vaccine molecule including the maintenance of the protective epitopes. In our study we have used inhibition ELISA as a tool to assess the impact of temperature and pH alterations on the antigenicity of N. meningitidis serogroup A and X, PS and conjugates and their correlation with the size distribution analysis using high pressure size exclusion chromatography. The studies on pH alterations from 5 to 9 led to minimal impact on size and antigenicity of all antigens, however, an elevated temperature adversely impacted the antigen size as well as antigenicity to varying extent. Results indicate the higher stability of MenX PS and conjugate as compared to that for MenA counterparts at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, both the MenA and MenX conjugates appears to be more stable as compared to the corresponding PSs.     

依布哂啉纯度、杂质检测及安全性实验

目的 检测合成的依布哂啉(Ebselen Ebs)的纯度、杂质并进行急性毒性实验。方法 Ebs测定采用自建立的高效液相色谱法(HPLC)，杂质(苯胺)采用比色法，急性毒性试验采用成年大鼠1次性灌胃，观察24h内死亡率。结果 Ebs纯度为99.95％～99．99％，苯胺含量为0．00017％～0．00019％，大鼠1次经口的LD50为2355．05mg／kg。结论 Ebs质量可靠，安全性高，可供开发研究。