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1.
罗红兰  董晓荣 《癌症进展》2016,14(5):400-405
小细胞肺癌(SCLC)是一种高度侵袭性肿瘤,在肺癌中有独特的生物学行为,占肺癌的15%~20%。病理组织学上SCLC可分为小细胞癌(包括以往的燕麦细胞癌)和混合性癌(小细胞癌与鳞或腺癌的混合)。其肿瘤细胞倍增时间短,生长分数高,早期即可出现广泛转移。多年来的临床研究未能找到治愈SCLC的有效方法,多数患者在一线治疗后易出现复发或转移,预后差。近30年来对SCLC的诊断、治疗及预后方面有很多相关研究及争议,使人们对SCLC的发生发展有了更深的了解。本文对SCLC的治疗进展作相关讨论。  相似文献   

2.
免疫细胞浸润与肺癌关系研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
刘成武 《中国肿瘤临床》2010,37(22):1317-1320
肺癌发病率高、死亡率高。而对于肺癌患者来说,其自身免疫系统在与肿瘤对抗过程中起着至关重要的作用,其中免疫细胞尤其是浸润于癌组织中的几种免疫细胞:肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(TILS )、肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(TAMS)、肿瘤浸润树突状细胞(TIDC)、肿瘤浸润NK细胞(TINK)扮演着重要角色。大量研究表明肿瘤浸润的各种免疫细胞与肺癌患者预后相关,并在抗肿瘤、肿瘤的免疫监视或免疫逃逸、促进肿瘤的发生发展和演进等各方面发挥着重要的作用。   相似文献   

3.
小细胞肺癌(small—cell lungcancer,SCLC)是一种侵袭性极高的恶性肿瘤,约占肺癌总数的15%-20%,其中2/3以上的患者诊断时已为广泛期,预后差。依托?自昔联合铂类的方案是广泛期小细胞肺癌(extensive small cell lungcancer,ED—SCLC)的一线标准治疗方案,化疗联合放疗及预防性的脑放疗可使3年生存率明显提高。用来评价广泛期小细胞肺癌的预后因素很多,临床上最常用的包括性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、体重、病理分期、KPS评分、是否吸烟、治疗前贫血状态、是否有远处转移、化疗是否有效、接受化疗次数、有无乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)增高、血小板减少等,但有些因素在预测患者的生存期方面的作用仍有争议。  相似文献   

4.
 目的 观察Ⅲb期及Ⅳ期小细胞肺癌(SCLC)及非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者辅助性T淋巴细胞亚群(Th1、Th2)细胞因子表达的特点,探讨不同病理类型肺癌的免疫学特点。方法 选择TNM分期为Ⅲb期和Ⅳ期的肺癌患者,分别按照SCLC、NSCLC分为两组,采取静脉血标本,用Th1、Th2细胞因子标记流式细胞技术检测干扰素(IFN-γ)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白细胞介素(IL)-2、-4、-6、-10,比较相同分期的SCLC与NSCLC患者外周血CD+4细胞分泌细胞因子水平的变化。结果 Ⅲb期SCLC患者周围血CD+4细胞表达TNF-α明显高于NSCLC患者[(10.57±2.94)%、(7.03±3.06)%](P<0.05),而IL-4明显低于NSCLC患者[(2.48±0.55)%、(4.32±1.74)%],Ⅳ期SCLC患者外周血CD+4细胞表达Th1/Th2(IFN-γ/IL-4)低于Ⅳ期NSCLC患者。结论 SCLC中Th2细胞因子的高表达及IFN-γ/IL-4的降低可能预示预后不良,在NSCLC中,TNF-α的增高对预后更加有意义。  相似文献   

5.
目的:探讨野生型 p53 诱导的磷酸酶 1(wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1,Wip1)在小细胞肺癌(small-cell lung cancer,SCLC)细胞及血清中的表达及其与临床预后的关系。方法:采用实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)法检测SCLC细胞及血清标本中Wip1的表达,分析其表达的临床意义。结果:Wip1在SCLC耐药细胞H69R中的表达较敏感细胞H69明显增加(P<0.01)。Wip1在SCLC血清中的表达较正常对照组明显升高(P<0.05);且Wip1 在化疗耐药患者血清中的表达较化疗敏感者者明显升高(P<0.05);血清中Wip1表达与SCLC患者的疾病分期、化疗敏感性及患者的生存状态关联(均P<0.05)。血清Wip1水平预测SCLC化疗疗效的ROC曲线下面积为0.836(95%CI:0.8230~0.9600,P<0.01);Wip1的表达与SCLC患者的无进展生存时间及总生存时间明显关联(均P<0.05)。疾病分期、化疗敏感性及血清Wip水平是SCLC患者预后的独立影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论:SCLC患者血清中Wip1的表达可能与化疗敏感性及患者预后有关,Wip1可能是SCLC患者潜在的疗效及预后评估的生物标志物。  相似文献   

6.
小细胞肺癌(SCLC)是一种高侵袭性肿瘤,治疗结果不佳,进一步了解其生物学行为,特别是与临床治疗及预后相关的因素以指导临床治疗是非常重要的。肿瘤微小转移病灶(MRD)的研究是近年来研究的热点,在小细胞肺癌中具有更加重要的意义。本文对小细胞肺癌骨髓微小转移病灶的检测方法及其临床中的应用和意义进行了综述。  相似文献   

7.
免疫检查点抑制剂(ICI)是一种备受关注的肿瘤免疫治疗手段,可通过阻断免疫检查点信号转导来恢复甚至增强T淋巴细胞的抗肿瘤免疫反应以达到抗肿瘤的治疗目的。PD-L1表达水平或可作为派姆单抗的一线使用标准;较高的肿瘤突变负荷(TMB)增加癌细胞抗原表达,使后者易被免疫细胞监视定位并清除,被定义为预测ICI疗效的生物标志物;错配修复基因(MMR)与MSI具有高度一致性,在多种实体瘤中具有预后预测作用;肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞联合TNM分期评估非小细胞肺癌患者预后准确性甚至优于病理标准,通过检测炎症因子的基因表达水平评估T细胞炎症基因表达谱可预测ICI的治疗效果;体细胞突变状态与免疫治疗的预后有关;低水平的中性/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)可能是免疫相关不良事件发生的独立预测因素;肠道微生物通过影响TIL水平干预免疫治疗的效果;除此以外还有其他预测因素可供参考。梳理总结预测相关标志物,分析其价值性与局限性,可为临床选择适合患者的治疗方案,也可使患者临床获益达到最大。  相似文献   

8.
  目的  早期研究表明相位角(phase angle,PhA)与肿瘤患者预后有关,本研究分析PhA在小细胞肺癌(small cell lung cancer,SCLC)患者预后预测中的作用。  方法  筛选2015年1月至2017年8月间吉林大学第一医院初诊SCLC患者148例,记录患者初诊时年龄、体质指数(body mass index,BMI)、肿瘤分期和无进展生存期(progression-free survival,PFS),采用Inbody(Biospace Co?)测量患者初诊时PhA。按照性别分层后,根据PhA第2三分位界值将其分为低值组和高值组。应用Kaplan-Meier生存分析及Log-rank检验比较生存关系,采用Cox比例风险模型进行多因素分析。  结果  男性患者PhA为(5.56±0.71)°,女性患者PhA为(4.69±0.91)°,差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.001)。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示:PhA是小细胞肺癌患者PFS的独立危险因素(HR=0.646,95% CI:0.486~0.860,P=0.003)。低PhA组患者中位PFS为7.77个月,高PhA组患者中位PFS为10.5个月,生存分析显示2组患者PFS差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。  结论  男性和女性SCLC患者PhA存在差异,基线PhA水平可以预测小细胞肺癌患者的预后。需要大样本研究探索不同性别和疾病状态下东亚人种应用PhA评价细胞健康和功能的有效界值,以更好的指导治疗和预后预测。   相似文献   

9.
背景与目的 小细胞肺癌(small cell lung cancer,SCLC)是一种高度侵袭性的恶性肿瘤,易于早期复发和转移。临床前研究发现,发状分裂相关增强子1(hairy and enhancer of split 1,Hes1)作为碱性螺旋–环–螺旋(basic helix-loop-helix,BHLH)家族的转录抑制因子,不仅可阻止SCLC肿瘤细胞的增殖和迁移,还可抑制神经内分泌转录因子ASCL1的功能。然而,Hes1蛋白表达在SCLC预后中的意义仍不清楚。本研究旨在分析Hes1蛋白在SCLC中的表达模式和预后意义。方法 回顾分析247例手术切除的单纯型SCLC样本,构建组织微阵列(tissue microarray,TMA),采用全自动罗氏免疫组织化学仪检测Hes1蛋白的表达水平。通过Fisher精确检验分析蛋白表达与患者年龄、淋巴结转移、主要细胞形态和肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(tumor infiltrating lymphocytes,TILs)等临床病理特征的相关性,并通过Kaplan-Meier曲线及COX回归模型检验其对生存的影响。结果 在247例手术切除的单纯型SCL...  相似文献   

10.
小细胞肺癌(small cell lung cancer, SCLC)是一种具有极强增殖和侵袭能力的恶性肿瘤,由于缺乏有效治疗手段,临床预后差。近年来,对细胞、动物模型及肿瘤组织本身的研究推动了SCLC分子亚型的提出,并发现不同分子亚型的SCLC具有独特的生物学和临床特征及潜在的特异性治疗靶点,这将有助于为SCLC患者制定更精准的治疗策略,以期改善预后。本文拟对目前关于SCLC的分子分型进行综述,重点关注不同分子分型的SCLC的临床特征以及治疗策略,并提出未来SCLC治疗的合理建议。  相似文献   

11.
Brain metastases (BM) are frequent in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Novel insights into their pathobiology are needed for development of better therapies. We investigated tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) subsets (CD3+, CD8+, CD45RO+, FOXP3+ and PD-1+) and expression of PD-L1 in a series of 32 SCLC BM specimens and four matched primary tumor specimens using immunohistochemistry. 30/32 (93.8?%) BM specimens showed TIL infiltration. CD3+ TILs were observed in 30/32 (93.8?%) BM specimens, CD8+ TILs in 25/32 (78.1?%), CD45RO+ TILs in 15/32 (46.9?%), FOXP3+ TILs in 15/32 (46.9?%) and PD-1+ TILs in 1/32 (3.1?%) BM specimens. Patients with infiltration of CD45RO+ TILS had a significantly longer median survival time (11 months; 95?% CI 0.000–26.148) as compared to patients without the presence of CD45RO+ TILs (5 months; 95?% CI 0.966–9.034; p?=?0.007; log rank test). Membranous PD-L1 on tumor cells was observed in 24/32 (75.0?%) BM specimens, with 11/32 (34.4?%) cases showing PD-L1 expression in over 5?% of viable BM tumor cells. PD-L1 expression on TILs was seen in 8/32 (25.0?%) and on tumor infiltrating macrophages in 9/32 (28.1?%) cases. Patients with PD-L1 expression on TILs presented with improved survival prognosis (6 versus 29 months; p?=?0.002; log rank test). Among matched primary tumors, all (4/4; 100?%) specimens showed TIL infiltration, while PD-L1 expression found in only 1/4 (25.0?%) specimen. TIL infiltration and PD-L1 expression are commonly found in SCLC BM and presence of CD45RO+ memory T-cells and PD-L1+ TILs in SCLC BM seem to associate with favorable survival times. Our data suggest an active immune microenvironment in SCLC BM that may be targetable by immune-modulating drugs.  相似文献   

12.
表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)突变型非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)患者在接受EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(tyrosine kinase inhibitors, TKIs )靶向治疗后能获得临床获益,但之后会不可避免地出现获得性耐药,而发生小细胞肺癌(small cell lung cancer,SCLC)组织学转化被认为是一种罕见的耐药机制。随着二代基因检测(next- generation sequencing,NGS)技术的快速发展及广泛应用,研究者发现存在EGFR/TP53/RB1三重突变的NSCLC经靶向治疗后更容易发生SCLC组织学转化,并且转化型SCLC疗效及预后较差。本文对近年来关于EGFR突变的NSCLC发生SCLC组织学转化的研究作一综述,涉及相关的转化机制、可能有效的新型药物及治疗策略,为EGFR/TP53/RB1三重突变的转化型SCLC患者提供更多潜在的临床治疗选择。   相似文献   

13.
洪晨忱  姚峰 《肿瘤防治研究》2022,49(11):1180-1183
2020年女性乳腺癌已超越肺癌成为全球最常见的癌症,大量研究证实肿瘤浸润性淋巴细胞(TILs)对肿瘤具有杀伤力,并在识别肿瘤抗原中发挥重要作用,因此TILs在临床免疫治疗及乳腺癌预后评估中的应用受到广泛关注。本文综述了近期TILs在不同分子分型乳腺癌中的基础研究进展和临床应用现状,评估了TILs对乳腺癌预后评估及临床免疫治疗的价值。  相似文献   

14.
目的:研究不同数量及比例的肿瘤出芽(tumor budding,TB)、肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(tumor infiltrating lymphocytes,TILs)在结直肠癌中的临床病理意义。方法:收集193例结直肠癌患者的肿瘤切片和临床资料,在HE染色下观察肿瘤出芽及TILs水平,并分析肿瘤出芽、TILs、出芽TILs联合分组与患者临床病理特征和预后的关系。结果:在结直肠癌患者中,肿瘤出芽与TNM分期、肿瘤解剖分期、分化程度、脉管侵犯、神经侵犯和预后相关(P<0.05);TILs与性别、TNM分期、肿瘤解剖分期、分化程度、神经侵犯、伴黏液腺癌和预后相关(P<0.05);出芽TILs联合分组与TNM分期、肿瘤解剖分期、分化程度、脉管侵犯、神经侵犯和预后相关(P<0.05),低出芽+高TILs组总生存期最长,高出芽+高TILs组次之,低出芽+低TILs组再次之,高出芽+低TILs组总生存期最短;肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞水平与肿瘤出芽水平呈负相关。结论:不同水平的肿瘤出芽、TILs、出芽TILs联合分组均能反映结直肠癌侵袭转移能力及预后,且出芽TILs联合分组相比肿瘤出芽和TILs对预后有更精细的评估。  相似文献   

15.
Lung cancer with bone metastasis   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
Lung cancer is one of the most common solid tumors to develop metastases to bone. The prognosis of patients with metastatic lung cancer to bones is short,usually less than 6 months. The treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach that addresses radiotherapy, surgery, chemotherapy, and medical therapy with analgesics and bisphosphonates. Radiotherapy for metastatic bone tumor is a mainstay to relieve pain and control the localized disease. Doses in the range of 20 Gy in 5 fractions, 30 Gy in 10 fractions are acceptable in most circumstances. Prophylactic fixation for long bone fractures is recommended in cases where 30 to 50% of the cortex has been destroyed, pain is present after radiotherapy, or life expectancy is more than 3 months. Systemic chemotherapy has been proved to prolong survival of patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as well as extensive small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Combination chemotherapy of platinum and a new drug is recommended in NSCLC patients with good performance status (PS). Gefitinib in upfront or second-line treatment is an optional therapy in adenocarcinoma patients without a history of smoking. Cisplatin combined with etoposide or irinotecan is a standard therapy in SCLC patients with PS 0 or 1. Carboplatin and etoposide is a treatment of choice in SCLC patients with PS 2 or 3. Medical management of cancer pain requires nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids. Cancer pain that necessitates more than 120 mg of oral morphine is morphine-resistant pain and requires some adjuvant drugs such as corticosteroids, ketamine,anticonvulsants, or local anesthetics. The third generation bisphosphonate zoledronate has been demonstrated to improve cancer pain and to prevent skeletal morbidity in lung cancer patients with metastatic bone disease.  相似文献   

16.
背景与目的:小细胞肺癌(small cell lung cancer,SCLC)是肺癌中恶性程度最高的病理学类型,易发生远处转移,转移部位及肿瘤负荷对患者的预后有一定预测作用。比较不同远处转移部位及转移器官个数对广泛期SCLC患者预后的影响,以期为临床决策提供参考。方法:收集2014年5月—2019年2月在同济大学附属上海市肺科医院就诊的广泛期SCLC患者的临床资料,回顾性分析其远处转移部位及转移器官个数与患者总生存期(overall survival,OS)及疗效的关系。结果:206例广泛期SCLC患者中,大部分(69.0%)患者在诊断初期就已发生远处转移,转移器官个数越多,中位OS越短(P=0.007 9),中位无进展生存期(progression-free survival,PFS)也越短(P=0.027 0)。脑转移、骨转移、对侧肺转移、肝转移及其他器官转移组中位OS分别为14.83、11.70、14.47、11.10及12.47个月(P=0.031 1)。脑转移、骨转移、对侧肺转移、肝转移及其他器官转移组中位PFS分别为5.07、4.07、7.10、3.87及4.80个月(P=0.033 6)。结论:广泛期SCLC患者远处转移提示预后差,转移器官个数越多,OS及PFS越差。在不同器官转移中,肝转移及骨转移患者OS及PFS较差,提示预后不良。  相似文献   

17.
肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(tumor infiltrating lymphocytes,TILs)是肿瘤微环境的重要组分,对结肠癌、肺癌等多种肿瘤预后有明确的指示效应。在乳腺癌中,相关研究的结论并不一致。考虑到乳腺癌是一组由多种不同分子亚型组成的异质性疾病,TILs对不同分子亚型乳腺癌的预后指示作用也不同。本综述阐述常用TILs指标对不同分子亚型乳腺癌预后指示效应的相关研究进展。  相似文献   

18.
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for approximately 15% of all lung cancers. It is characterized by rapid tumor growth and early metastasis to multiple organs. Response to initial chemotherapy is generally good; however, the majority of patients develop recurrence and the prognosis of such patients is reportedly 2–4 months. Evolution of the treatment for SCLC has stagnated, and cisplatin + etoposide has been the standard chemotherapy for decades. Meanwhile, the combination of cisplatin + irinotecan has demonstrated equivalent efficacy to cisplatin + etoposide. Recently, maintenance chemotherapy has been extensively investigated in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and is currently recommended as a standard treatment in clinical guidelines. On the contrary, a maintenance strategy has not been established for SCLC. Here, we describe an SCLC patient who received maintenance chemotherapy with irinotecan for more than 2 years after induction chemotherapy with cisplatin + irinotecan, and survived long term with no recurrence.Key Words: Small-cell lung cancer, Irinotecan, Maintenance, Long survivor, Extensive disease  相似文献   

19.
In patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18FDG-PET)-scanning is shown to be of prognostic value. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive tumor with poor prognosis. Limited results on the prognostic and predictive value of the maximum standard uptake values (SUVmax) obtained during 18FDG-PET scanning in SCLC are available. An observational study in 75 chemonaive patients diagnosed with SCLC who underwent a 18FDG-PET scan was performed. SUVmax values of the primary tumor were related to the overall survival (OS) and the progression free survival (PFS). Significant lower SUVmax values of the primary tumor were observed in patients with stage I-III disease compared to stage IV disease. SUVmax did not discriminate for either OS or PFS in the whole group of patients. In patients with stage IV disease and treatment with chemotherapy, OS and PFS were significantly higher in patients with a high SUVmax. (p-value 0.005 and 0.002 respectively) compared to patients with a low SUVmax value. In patients with SCLC metabolic activity determined using 18FDG-PET (SUVmax) differed between stage I-III and stage IV diseases. Compared to NSCLC, the relationship between SUVmax) and prognosis seems more complex.  相似文献   

20.
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a particularly aggressive form of lung cancer and is associated with a poor prognosis, rapid tumor growth, and early metastasis. Currently, the cornerstone of treatment in SCLC consists of combination therapy, with platinum/etoposide being the regimen of choice. Unfortunately, even with these advances in treatment, the median survival for patients with limited-stage disease is 10-15 months and 7-11 months for patients with extensive-stage disease. New treatment mechanisms need to be explored in order to extend the survival of SCLC patients. One such new treatment is the topoisomerase I inhibitor, irinotecan. This drug represents a promising advancement in the treatment of SCLC.  相似文献   

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