氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗原发性肝癌的临床研究

[目的]探讨氩氦刀冷冻消融综合治疗中晚期肝癌的疗效。[方法]96例中晚期原发性肝癌分3组观察。第一组用氩氦刀冷冻消融联合TACE治疗37例；第二组单纯用氩氦刀冷冻消融32例：第三组单纯用TACE27例。氩氦刀冷冻消融采用B超／或CT引导经皮穿刺肝肿瘤，共计对97个病灶使用203把氩氦刀二次循环冷冻。[结果]氩氦刀冷冻术后有94.2％（65/69）的患者精神状态得到改善，腹部疼痛症状减轻，恢复快。氩氦刀超低温冷冻联合TACE的近期疗效和12、24个月的生存率明显优于另外两组，中位生存期延长（P＜0．05）。[结论]氩氦刀联合TACE是治疗肝癌有效的方法之一，可望提高肝癌患者生存期和改善生命质量，为丧失手术机会的晚期肝肿瘤患者开辟了一条新的治疗途径。     

氩氦刀联合肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗原发性肝癌的临床研究

目的:观察氩氦刀联合肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗原发性肝癌的疗效.方法:40例原发性肝癌病人,根据病人情况选择TACE术和氩氦刀冷冻消融术治疗的先后顺序.1月后复查血清AFP、肝脏CT增强扫描及肝动脉造影(DSA)检查.随诊12个月.结果:治疗前AFP＞400ng/ml,治疗后下降>50%者83.9% (26/31);肝脏CT增强扫描及DSA造影提示:肿瘤完全坏死50.0% (20/40);不完全坏死27.5% (11/40);部分坏死22.5% (8/40).6个月、12个月生存率分别为91.0%和76%.治疗中、治疗后未发生严重并发症.结论:氩氦刀联合肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗原发性肝癌疗效确切,不良作用少.     

氩氦刀联合肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗原发性肝癌的临床研究

目的：观察氩氦刀联合肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗原发性肝癌的疗效。方法：40例原发性肝癌病人,根据病人情况选择TACE术和氩氦刀冷冻消融术治疗的先后顺序。1月后复查血清AFP、肝脏CT增强扫描及肝动脉造影（DSA）检查。随诊12个月。结果：治疗前AFP〉400ng/ml,治疗后下降〉50%者83.9%（26/31）;肝脏CT增强扫描及DSA造影提示：肿瘤完全坏死50.0%（20/40）;不完全坏死27.5%（11/40）;部分坏死22.5%（8/40）。6个月、12个月生存率分别为91.0%和76%。治疗中、 治疗后未发生严重并发症。结论：氩氦刀联合肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗原发性肝癌疗效确切,不良作用少。     

肝动脉栓塞化疗联合氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗不能手术的中晚期肝癌的临床观察

目的观察肝动脉栓塞化疗联合氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗不能手术的中晚期肝癌的有效性和安全性。方法对35例原发性肝癌患者首先进行动脉栓塞化疗治疗,2～3周后进行氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗,氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗后1～2周再次进行动脉栓塞化疗,治疗结束后评价近期疗效,并随访生存情况。结果35例患者均可评价疗效,其中完全缓解7例,部分缓解21例,稳定4例,进展3例,临床有效率为80．00％（28／35）,疾病控制率为91．43％（32／35）。患者中位无进展生存（PFS）为8．9个月,中位总生存（OS）为16．3个月。结论肝动脉栓塞化疗联合氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗不能手术的原发性肝癌创伤小、恢复快、并发症少、疗效可靠。     

经肝动脉栓塞化疗联合微波刀治疗中晚期肝癌的临床疗效分析

探讨联合应用经肝动脉化疗栓塞联合微波刀治疗中晚期肝癌的临床应用价值。方法:收集经病理、AFP和（或）影像学证实的不能手术切除的中晚期肝癌患者63例,按治疗方法随机分为经肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗组和经肝动脉化疗栓塞联合微波刀治疗组,经肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗组31例,联合治疗组32例。结果:经肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗组与联合治疗组治疗后患者AFP定量平均下降率分别为52.2%（12/23）和80.0%（20/25）,两组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;经肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗组的完全坏死率为12.9%（4/31）;而联合治疗组的完全坏死率为34.4%（11/32）,经统计学分析两组有明显统计学意义。经肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗组在1个疗程治疗结束6个月后复查影像学发现肝癌复发率为32.3%（10/31）;联合治疗组肝癌复发率为9.4%（3/32）,两者间差异有显著意义（P<0.05）。经肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗后患者1年的生存率为64.5%（18/31）,而经联合治疗后患者1年生存率为87.5%（28/32）,两组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论:经肝动脉化疗栓塞联合微波消融治疗可显著提高中晚期肝癌患者的生存率,延长患者生存期。      

TACE联合氩氦刀冷冻消融对中晚期肝癌的疗效及对MIF、VEGF、GP73、AFP表达水平的影响

目的:探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）联合氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗中晚期肝癌的效果及对患者血清巨噬细胞移动抑制因子（MIF）、血管内皮细胞生长因子（VEGF）、高尔基体蛋白73（GP73）、甲胎蛋白（AFP）水平的影响。方法:选取我院收治的110例中晚期肝癌患者进行回顾性研究,其中55例患者接受TACE手术治疗（对照组）、另外55例采用TACE+氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗（联合组）,两组患者同时给予索拉非尼进行化疗。结果:联合组患者的肿瘤病灶缓解率（78.18%）高于对照组（60.00%）,P<0.05;联合组患者的总有效率（92.73%）与对照组（87.27%）比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;治疗后,联合组患者的血清MIF、VEGF、GP73、AFP表达水平显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;联合组和对照组患者的恶心呕吐、腹泻、皮疹、发热及尿潴留发生率差异均不具有统计学意义（P>0.05）;联合组患者1年、2年生存率分别为54.55%、40.00%,对照组患者为45.45%、25.45%,两组比较差异不具有统计学意义（P>0.05）。联合组的中位生存时间（20.0个月）高于对照组（14.0个月）,Log-rank (Mantel-Cox)=5.842,P=0.016。结论:TACE+氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗中晚期肝癌患者有利于进一步减小病灶直径,降低血清MIF、VEGF、GP73、AFP表达水平,但是对患者的远期预后影响不显著。     

肝动脉插管+B超引导下经皮经肝门静脉穿刺化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌15例报告

目的 :探讨肝动脉插管联合经皮肝穿刺选择性门静脉化疗栓塞 (TACE SPVE)治疗不能手术的中晚期肝癌的效果。方法 :对不能手术切除的中晚期肝癌 15例在TACE术后 1周 ,行超声引导下经皮经肝穿刺选择性门静脉化疗栓塞。结果 :TACE SPVE 15例共行 4 9次 ,治疗后肿瘤缩小 13例 ,AFP转阴 5例 ,二期手术 3例 ,1例肿瘤缩小 80 % ,AFP转阴。 1年生存率 80 % (8/ 10 )。结论 :TACE SPVE是治疗不能手术切除的中晚期肝癌的有效方法。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞联合射频消融治疗中晚期肝癌的临床疗效

目的探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）联合射频消融（RFA）治疗中晚期肝癌的临床疗效。方法62例具有介入治疗指征的中晚期肝癌患者随机均分为2组,对照组31例单独行TACE治疗,观察组31例行TACE联合RFA治疗。比较观察2组的临床疗效及AFP水平。结果观察组总有效率为87．1％,高于对照组的51．6％（P〈0．05）。观察组术后AFP水平明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）。随访24个月各时期的生存率观察组均明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论TACE联合RFA治疗中晚期肝癌安全、可靠,可提高患者生存率,延长患者生存时间,疗效优于单独应用TACE。     

经皮肝瘤内注入无水乙醇结合TACE治疗中晚期原发性肝癌的疗效观察

目的　评估B超引导下经皮肝穿刺注射无水乙醇结合肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗中晚期原发性肝癌的时机选择与疗效。方法　对 52例中晚期原发性肝癌采用B超引导下经皮肝穿刺瘤内注射无水乙醇 (PEI) +肝动脉插管化疗栓塞术 (TACE)治疗并与同期 58例单纯肝动脉化疗栓塞术 (对照组 )比较。结果　治疗组的肿瘤缩小率、AFP下降、Karnofsky评分、0 .5年、1年累计生存率明显优于对照组。结论　PEI+TACE为中晚期原发性肝癌较好的一种综合治疗方法     

氩氦刀冷冻消融联合TACE治疗巨大肝癌的临床观察

目的 探讨氩氦刀冷冻消融联合经肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）治疗巨大肝癌的有效性和安全性。方法 回顾性分析本院2006年9月至2011年8月收治的巨大肝癌患者85例,其中观察组44例先行1～2次TACE,1个月后序贯氩氦刀治疗1～3次,而对照组41例仅行单纯TACE治疗。按照实体瘤的疗效评价标准（RECIST）1.0版评价疗效并随访生存。结果 观察组有效率（RR）为70.5％,高于对照组的46.3％（P＜0.05）;观察组1、2和3年生存率分别为77.3％、56.8％和36.4％,中位生存时间为19.2个月,均高于对照组的51.2％、36.6％、14.6％和11.8个月（P＜0.05）;两组患者的不良反应均为轻中度且可耐受。结论 氩氦刀联合TACE治疗具有互补增效作用,且安全微创,为巨大肝癌的综合治疗提供了新的途径。     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

Treatment with methylnaltrexone is associated with increased survival in patients with advanced cancer

BackgroundMethylnaltrexone (MNTX), a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, is FDA-approved for treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). Preclinical data suggest that MOR activation can play a role in cancer progression and can be a target for anticancer therapy.Patients and methodsPooled data from advanced end-stage cancer patients with OIC, despite laxatives, treated in two randomized (phase III and IV), placebo-controlled trials with MNTX were analyzed for overall survival (OS) in an unplanned post hoc analysis. MNTX or placebo was given subcutaneously during the double-blinded phase, which was followed by the open-label phase, allowing MNTX treatment irrespective of initial randomization.ResultsIn two randomized, controlled trials, 229 cancer patients were randomized to MNTX (117, 51%) or placebo (112, 49%). Distribution of patients' characteristics and major tumor types did not significantly differ between arms. Treatment with MNTX compared with placebo [76 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) 43–109 versus 56 days, 95% CI 43–69; P = 0.033] and response (laxation) to treatment compared with no response (118 days, 95% CI 59–177 versus 55 days, 95% CI 40–70; P < 0.001) had a longer median OS, despite 56 (50%) of 112 patients ultimately crossing over from placebo to MNTX. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that response to therapy [hazard ratio (HR) 0.47, 95% CI 0.29–0.76; P = 0.002) and albumin ≥3.5 (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30–0.69; P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for increased OS. Of interest, there was no difference in OS between MNTX and placebo in 134 patients with advanced illness other than cancer treated in these randomized studies (P = 0.88).ConclusionThis unplanned post hoc analysis of two randomized trials demonstrates that treatment with MNTX and, even more so, response to MNTX are associated with increased OS, which supports the preclinical hypothesis that MOR can play a role in cancer progression. Targeting MOR with MNTX warrants further investigation in cancer therapy.Clinical trials numberNCT00401362, NCT00672477.     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

奥沙利铂联合羟基喜树碱治疗晚期胃癌临床分析

背景与目的体外及体内的临床研究显示,奥沙利铂(L-OHP)对多种肿瘤有显著抑制作用并与绝大多数抗癌药物具有相加或协同细胞毒作用.本文旨在观察L-OHP联合羟基喜树碱(HCPT)治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效和患者耐受性,并与传统的化疗方案进行对比.方法采用非随机的分组方法将43例晚期胃癌患者分为L-OHP+HCPT方案组(治疗组)与Vp-16+CF+5-FU(ELF)方案组(对照组),其中男性28例,女性15例,中位年龄59岁,KPS评分≥60,观察两组的近期疗效和患者耐受性.结果治疗组24例有效率58.3%(14/24),对照组19例有效率42.1%(8/19).治疗组有效率高于对照组,两组差异有显著性(P<0.05).两组不良反应主要是骨髓抑制、恶心、呕吐、口腔炎、周围神经炎、静脉炎、脱发等,均在Ⅰ、Ⅱ度范围内.结论L-OHP联合HCPT方案治疗晚期胃癌疗效较好,不良反应可以耐受.     

Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs

JOHNSTON S.R.D. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 561–563 Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs     

Varicella-Zoster Virus Prophylaxis with Low-Dose Acyclovir in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Treated with Bortezomib

BackgroundVaricella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation is a common complication in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated with bortezomib, with an incidence rate of 10%-60%. The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of acyclovir prophylaxis in this patient population.Patients and MethodsWe studied 98 consecutive patients with relapsed MM treated with bortezomib. Bortezomib 1.3 mg/m² was given on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21-day cycle. At first, patients did not receive any VZV prophylaxis, but because of the high incidence of VZV reactivation, VZV prophylaxis with acyclovir was implemented subsequently.ResultsA total of 11 patients treated with bortezomib did not have any VZV prophylaxis, and 4 of these 11 patients (36%) developed VZV reactivation in the form of herpes zoster. No VZV reactivations were observed in the 32 patients who received acyclovir 400 mg 3 times daily or the 55 patients who received acyclovir in a dose reduced to 400 mg once daily during bortezomib treatment.ConclusionVaricellazoster virus reactivation is a common and serious adverse effect of bortezomib treatment. Acyclovir 400 mg once daily is sufficient to protect from VZV reactivation in patients with MM treated with bortezomib.     

Pseudomembranous colitis associated with chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil

Pseudomembranous colitis is frequently associated with antibiotics and more rarely with chemotherapeutic agents such as 5-fluorouracil. The objective of this study is to show that it is possible to confuse this infection with chemotherapy associated toxicity. We present a 54 year old woman who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer and in the first cycle of chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil developed pseudomembranous colitis. We detected the toxin B of Clostridium difficile in stools and we began early antibiotic treatment. Thus, in patients with post chemotherapy neutropenia and diarrhoea that develop negatively, we have to rule out this infection.