73例乳腺癌术后胸壁复发因素及预后分析

目的:探讨乳腺癌术后胸壁局部复发因素及预后意义.方法:对73例乳腺癌术后胸壁复发患者进行回顾性分析.结果:本组患者占同期全部乳腺癌病例的4.02%,其中50例(68.5%)胸壁复发发生在术后2年内,复发后34例(46.6%)于2年内死亡.结论:乳腺癌原发肿瘤分期晚、腋下淋巴结癌转移数多、复发率高;原发灶雌激素受体(ER)及孕激素受体(PR)阴性患者,复发多出现在术后2年内.术后胸壁复发时,复发病灶情况及治疗效果是影响预后的因素之一,以手术为主的综合治疗可提高其远期疗效.     

乳腺癌术后胸壁复发85 例分析

 目的　探讨乳腺癌术后胸壁局部复发因素及预后意义。方法　回顾性分析乳腺癌术后胸壁局部复发患者 85例。结果　本组患者占同期全部乳腺癌病例的 3.5 9% ,其中 5 5例 (6 4.7%复发发生在手术后 2年内 ,复发后 39例 (4 5 .9% ) ,2年内死亡。结论　临床分期晚、腋下淋巴结癌转移数多、原发灶见脉管癌栓患者术后胸壁复发率高 ;原发灶雌激素受体 (ER)及孕激素受体 (PR)阴性患者 ,复发多出现在术后第 1、2年内。对乳腺癌术后易复发的高危人群除应规范化治疗 ,还应实施适时胸壁放疗。     

乳腺癌改良根治术后胸壁复发27例分析

目的探讨乳腺癌改良根治术后胸壁复发因素。方法回顾性分析乳腺癌改良根治术后胸壁复发患者27例的临床病理资料。结果乳腺癌术后胸壁复发多发生在术后2年内（19／27，70．4％），多表现为原发灶雌激素受体及孕激素受体阴性，C-erbB-2阳性。结论乳腺癌应规范化治疗，尤应强调无瘤操作。     

乳腺癌根治术后区域淋巴结复发放射治疗疗效分析

目的：探讨乳腺癌根治术后区域淋巴结复发患者放射治疗和其他综合治疗手段的合理联用以及影响局部控制率和生存率的预后因素。方法：回顾性分析了1994～2003年期间在我院放疗科收治的77例乳腺癌根治术后区域淋巴结复发作为术后第一次治疗失败的患者，其中45例为锁骨上淋巴结，16例腋下淋巴结，6例内乳淋巴结，10例同时有2个淋巴结区累及。中位随访时间为34．4个月。所有患者均接受放射治疗。12例在放疗前接受复发灶手术切除。照射剂量范围为50-74Gy，中位剂量为60Gy。结果：本组患者中位生存期为4．67年，二年、五年和八年生存率分别为77．8％、47．4％和31．5％。无病间期、激素受体状态为影响生存率的独立的预后因素。总计有30例(39％)发生再次局部和(或)区域性复发，其中4例发生在原复发部位，26例发生在其他部位，胸壁是发生率最高的二次复发部位，总计有18例(23％)患者发生的再次复发部位中包括胸壁。首次术后病理腋淋巴结转移数目是影响局部控制率的预后因素。结论：放射治疗是乳腺癌术后区域淋巴结复发的有效治疗手段。23％的患者治疗后发生后续的胸壁复发，建议对患侧胸壁作预防性照射。首次术后病理腋淋巴结转移数目4个及以上的患者作胸壁预防的意义更大。无病间期2年及以上，激素受体阳性的患者是相对预后较好的患者群。全身治疗在改善生存率方面的意义尚不明确。     

乳腺癌术后胸壁复发23例临床及病理分析

回顾分析乳腺癌术后胸壁复发的临床及病理因素。乳腺癌术后胸壁局部复发23例，占同期全部乳腺癌手术病例的3．86％，病理学类型多为浸润性导管癌，Ⅲ期患者复发率为13．9％，腋窝淋巴结转移数超过4枚者多发率最高为12．5％，原发灶ER（－）及PR（－）的患者复发多发生于术后第1、2年内，复发后12例2年内死亡。所有病例随访1、3、5年生存率分别为72．2％、66．7％、54．5％。回顾分析结果表明，乳腺癌患者术中应采取措施预防癌残留及种植，术后易复发的高危人群应行规范化的治疗，同时应实施胸壁放疗，可望提高生存期。     

乳腺癌术后胸壁复发39例临床分析

背景与目的：乳腺痛术后局部复发率为5％-20％，合并高危因素者可达34％-40％，其中以胸壁复发最为常见。本文探讨乳腺癌术后胸壁局部复发的相关因素，寻找预防和降低乳腺癌术后胸壁复发的有效措施。方法：回顾性分析乳腺癌术后局部复发而无远处转移的39例患者的临床资料。结果：本组患者占同期全部乳腺癌病例的5．1％，其中23例（59．0％）在手术后2年内复发。T1～T4复发率分别为1．6％、1．9％、9．7％和37．2％，腋窝淋巴结（-）与腋窝淋巴结（＋）患者的胸壁复发率分别为1．3％、7．6％，腋窝淋巴结转移≥4个者复发率高达13．4％，新辅助化疗、术后放疗的患者复发率分别为3．8％、8．7％。明显低于未予相应治疗者。结论：腋窝淋巴结转移数目多、原发灶分期晚、未予恰当辅助治疗者易出现胸壁复发。对乳腺癌术后易复发的高危人群应规范化治疗，新辅助化疗、术后放疗是预防胸壁复发的有效措施。     

Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期乳腺癌术后局部复发的放疗及预后

目的：探讨乳腺癌术后局部区域复发的规律和再放疗的预后。方法：回顾分析45例Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期乳腺癌术后局部区域复发的情况以及复发后放疗的预后。26例采用局部野放疗，19例采用扩大野放疗。结果：T2及腋窝淋巴结转移数≥4枚或≥20％的病例占复发病例的73％。复发的部位依次为锁骨上、多部位、胸壁、腋窝、内乳。复发后2a生存率40％、无瘤生存率24．4％，2次局部区域复发率31％，术后2a以上复发的2a生存率64％，2a以下29％。首次复发累及多部位生存率18．2％，较单一锁骨上(47．4％)及胸壁(30％)低，累及锁骨上局部复发率高于胸壁，远处转移率低于胸壁，2次局部复发胸壁最高达57％，照射野采用广泛野的局部复发率低于采用局部野。结论：对Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期乳腺癌中腋窝淋巴结阳性≥4枚或≥20％的病例应常规行术后放疗，对术后局部区域复发的病例应采用包括胸壁及锁骨上下大范围照射。     

乳腺癌根治术后局部区域性复发的放射治疗和预后影响因素

背景与目的：局部和区域复发乳腺癌患者的治疗原则和预后因素仍存在一定争议。本研究旨在探讨乳腺癌术后胸壁和区域淋巴结复发患者放射治疗的疗效和影响生存率的预后因素。方法：回顾性分析复旦大学附属肿瘤医院1990—2005年收治的255例乳腺癌根治术或改良根治术后胸壁和区域淋巴结复发患者放射治疗后的生存和复发情况，并对影响生存的预后因素进行分析。结果：随访时间为9个月～15．5年，中位随访时间为45个月。首次治疗至复发的无病间期为2—260个月，中位时间为22个月．其中激素受体阳性者的中位无病间期时间为37个月。未知与阴性者为17个月。2年、5年和8年总生存率分别为86．4％、56．5％和35．0％，中位生存时间为79个月。2年、5年和8年局部控制率分别为56．1％，36．3％和27．6％。单因素检验分析发现、无病间期、复发部位、复发灶数目、激素受体状态、复发灶近期疗效是否达到完全缓解、原发灶T分期和腋窝淋巴结转移状态对生存率的影响有统计学意义（P值均〈0．05）。多因素分析结果显示，无病间期、复发部位和数目及激素受体状态是独立的影响预后的因素。根据多因素分析结果建立预后指数，将全组患者划分为预后好、中等和差3个亚组，预后好组的2年、5年、8年总生存率分别为100％、91．6％、56．4％，预后中等组和预后差组分别为88．1％、59．1％、36．8％和68．0％、8．5％、0（P〈0．001）。结论：放射治疗是乳腺癌根治术后局部和区域性复发有效的治疗手段。预后指数可以合理预测预后好、预后中等和预后差的患者。     

乳腺癌患者术后胸壁复发及预后相关因素分析

目的 乳腺癌出现胸壁复发通常被认为是乳腺癌治疗失败的第一征象,是发生远处转移的先兆.本研究回顾性分析乳腺癌术后胸壁复发患者病例资料,分析影响乳腺癌患者术后胸壁复发及预后的相关因素,为规范的临床治疗提供有用的依据.方法 收集湖南省肿瘤医院2008-01-01-2009 12-31收治的130例乳腺癌术后胸壁复发患者的临床、病理及预后资料,其中Ⅰ期42例,Ⅱ期60例,Ⅲ期28例,分析其临床特点和胸壁复发时间,Kaplan-Meier法计算患者无瘤生存率,采用二元Logistic回归分析复发的影响因素,OR及95％ CI为评价指标,采用Cox回归分析生存期的影响因素,HR及95％CI为评价指标.结果 3、5年无瘤生存率分别为58.4％和33.7％,3、5年总体生存率为91.4％和83.9％,中位发病年龄为45岁,中位复发时间为25个月,中位生存时间为56个月.胸壁复发二元Logistic回归分析显示,肿瘤分期、肿瘤大小及细胞分化程度、雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)、孕激素受体(progesterone receptor,PR)和Ki-67表达、淋巴结转移是影响乳腺癌患者术后胸壁复发的相关因素,均P＜o.05. Cox分析显示,肿瘤分期、肿瘤细胞分化程度、肿瘤病理类型及C-erbB-2表达是影响患者5年总体生存率的因素,均P＜0.05.结论 肿瘤分期晚、肿瘤偏大,肿瘤细胞分化程度低、存在4枚及以上腋窝淋巴结转移、ER和PR低表达及Ki-67高表达是乳腺癌术后胸壁复发的危险因素,而临床分期Ⅲ期、肿瘤细胞低分化、肿瘤病理类型为浸润型癌、C-erbB-2阳性表达是总生存的独立预后因素,对存在上述危险因素的患者,应根据患者情况选择个体化的综合治疗方案,加强随访改善患者预后.     

101例乳腺癌术后胸壁复发的临床分析

目的探讨乳腺癌术后胸壁复发的临床病理特点、治疗方法及预后因素。方法自1995年1月~2001年1月,我院收治了101例乳腺癌术后单纯胸壁复发的患者,对这些患者的临床特点、治疗方式、生存期及预后因素进行了单因素和多因素的分析。随访时间均在5年以上。结果胸壁复发后生存期3~150月,中位生存53月;5年生存率46.5 % (47/101)。单因素分析显示,胸壁复发治疗后肿瘤残留是最强的预后因素;其他因素还包括原发肿瘤的大小、淋巴结状况、分期、术后放疗、原发肿瘤至胸壁复发的时间>20月及复发后的治疗方式(手术及放疗)。多因素分析结果,原发肿瘤>5cm和原发肿瘤至胸壁复发的时间<20月是胸壁复发后生存期的独立预后因素。结论乳腺癌术后胸壁复发的预后相对较好,综合治疗可能有助于提高治愈率。     

乳腺癌根治术局部复发后影响预后的相关因素分析

目的研究乳腺癌根治术局部复发后影响预后的相关因素,探讨乳腺癌根治术后局部复发的最佳治疗方案。方法回顾性分析天津肿瘤医院1975年1月至2003年1月期间收治的1067例乳腺癌根治术后复发患者,采用χ2检验或秩和检验对患者年龄、绝经情况、原发瘤临床分期、腋窝淋巴结转移情况、无病间期、复发部位、胸壁复发灶数目及其最大直径、雌激素受体(ER)或孕激素受体(PR)表达、人类表皮生长因子受体2(HER-2)表达等临床病理特征以及不同治疗方案与局部复发治疗的近期疗效和远处转移率之间的关系进行单因素分析;使用Kaplan-Meier法及COX回归模型对乳腺癌根治术复发后影响5年生存率的相关因素进行单因素与多因素分析。结果对全部1067例病例进行随访,778例(72.9%)出现远处转移,复发后5年总生存率为42.4%。复发部位、胸壁复发灶数目及其最大直径、有无放射治疗、放射治疗范围、有无化疗、有无手术切除或切除活检等因素的不同亚组间局部控制率的差异有统计学意义(P0.050);腋窝淋巴结转移情况、无病间期、ER或PR表达、HER-2表达以及再治疗中有无化疗等因素的不同亚组间远处转移率的差异有统计学意义(P0.050);无病间期、复发部位、胸壁复发灶数目、ER或PR表达、HER-2表达、治疗方法等因素的不同亚组间5年总生存率的差异有统计学意义(P0.050);无病间期≤2年、复发部位多、治疗方案单一、局部控制率低及ER、PR均阴性是导致复发性乳腺癌预后差的独立因素(P0.050)。结论多部位复发、胸壁多发结节及胸壁复发灶最大直径3cm者局部控制不佳,局部扩大野放射治疗结合化疗和(或)手术是改善局部控制率的较好模式;有腋窝淋巴结转移、2年内复发、ER、PR均阴性以及HER-2阳性表达的乳腺癌复发后容易发生远处转移,复发再治疗中化疗能减少远处转移的发生;对于复发性乳腺癌采取综合治疗方案可以提高复发患者的生存率;无病间期长,多部位复发,ER或PR阴性者提示预后不良。     

结直肠癌根治术后复发转移的多因素分析

复发转移是结直肠癌术后非常重要的预后因素,而复发转移的相关因素是大肠癌根治术后个体化随访和辅助治疗的依据。本文旨在探讨结直肠癌根治术后复发转移的相关临床病理因素。     

Molecular markers for prognosis after isolated postmastectomy chest wall recurrence

BACKGROUND: Local chest wall recurrence after mastectomy occurs in 10-20% of patients with operable breast carcinoma. The objective of the current study was to assess the prognostic value of molecular markers at the time of local recurrence and to compare these markers with clinical variables. METHODS: Between 1975 and 1999, the authors treated 113 patients at their institution for postmastectomy chest wall recurrences with full-course external beam radiotherapy. Patients who presented primarily with lymph node recurrences or with simultaneous distant metastasis were excluded. Follow-up from the time of chest wall recurrence was 10.13 years. All clinical and pathologic data from the original diagnosis and from the time of chest wall recurrence were entered into a computerized database. Paraffin-embedded tumor specimens from the chest wall recurrences were available for 43 patients and were constructed into tissue microarrays for immunohistochemical staining of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor (PR), p53, HER-2/neu, and cyclin D. RESULTS: Overall survival after chest wall recurrence for the entire cohort was 46% at 5 years and 28% at 10 years. The distant metastasis-free survival rate was 49% at 5 years and 40% at 10 years. Local-regional control of disease was achieved in 79% of patients at 10 years. In multivariate analysis, significant factors for distant metastasis after local recurrence were time to recurrence (< 2 years from the original diagnosis to chest wall recurrence) and PR status (distant metastasis-free survival rate: 84% [PR-positive] vs. 38% [PR-negative]; P = 0.007). The only significant factor for local-regional disease progression was HER-2/neu status. Patients with positive HER-2/neu status had a local-regional progression-free rate of 59%, compared with 92% for patients with negative HER-2/neu status. CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis for patients after local-regional recurrence of breast carcinoma is relatively poor. Longer time to local recurrence and positive PR status were associated with favorable distant metastasis-free rates and long-term survival. Positive HER-2/neu status was associated with poorer local-regional control of disease. Implications for systemic therapy and further studies are discussed.     

External beam radiotherapy in the treatment of male breast carcinoma: patterns of failure in a single institute experience

AIMS AND BACKGROUND: We analyzed our own results in the treatment of male breast cancer patients with respect to local control, overall survival and possible prognostic factors for local and distant control. METHODS: Thirty-one patients with 32 carcinomas of the male breast were treated with radiotherapy. Twenty-five patients received radiotherapy to the chest wall including or not regional lymphatics after initial mastectomy (n = 23) or after surgery for local recurrence (n = 2). Median total dose was 60 Gy to the chest wall and 46 Gy to regional lymphatics. Seven patients with metastatic disease were referred for palliative radiotherapy. RESULTS: Overall survival after postoperative radiotherapy was 40% after a median follow-up of 4.3 years. Actuarial 3-, 5- and 10-year survival was 82.6%, 56.5% and 43.5%, respectively. Five-year progression-free survival was 62.5%. Survival was significantly affected by the presence of lymph node metastases (P <0.001). Local recurrence was seen in one patient after 29 months. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative radiotherapy is important in the management of male breast cancer to improve local control and progression-free survival, resulting in one local failure in our analysis. The presence of lymph node metastases significantly impairs survival.     

Radiation therapy for chest wall recurrence of breast cancer after mastectomy in a favorable subgroup of patients

Purpose: Long-term outcome after radiation therapy for local–regional recurrence of breast cancer after mastectomy is generally poor. This study was performed to evaluate the long-term outcome for a potentially favorable subgroup of patients with chest wall recurrence.Methods and Materials: Of 71 patients with an isolated local–regional recurrence of breast cancer after mastectomy, 18 were identified who met the following favorable selection criteria: 1) a disease-free interval after mastectomy of 2 years or more, 2) an isolated chest wall recurrence, and 3) tumor size < 3 cm or complete excision of the recurrent disease. All 18 patients were treated with local–regional irradiation between 1967 and 1988. Radiotherapy (RT) was delivered to the chest wall to a median total dose of 60 Gy (range 30–66 Gy). Four patients received adjuvant chemotherapy and six patients received adjuvant hormonal therapy.Results: With a median follow-up of 8.4 years, nine of 18 patients were alive and free of disease. The 10-year actuarial overall and cause-specific survivals were 72% and 77%, respectively. The 10-year actuarial relapse-free survival and local control were 42% and 86%, respectively.Conclusion: Treatment for a local–regional recurrence of breast cancer after mastectomy in a favorable subgroup of patients results in a high rate of long-term survival as well as excellent local control. Aggressive treatment is warranted in this favorable subgroup of patients. 1998 Elsevier Science Inc.     

Recurrence after breast ablation for ductal carcinoma in situ.

Three patients are described having locally recurrent invasive breast cancer after breast ablation for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). All had initially extensive type ductal carcinoma in situ without evidence of invasion in adequately sampled microscopical studies. One patient developed a scar recurrence and lung metastases 2 years after surgery; one patient showed a scar recurrence 3 years after operation and one patient had a recurrence in the chest wall 27 years after surgery. Although generally stated that ablative therapy offers a 100% cure in case of DCIS, these cases illustrate that local recurrence may occur. Possible causes and preventions are discussed.     

Analysis of prognostic factors in patients with isolated chest wall recurrence of breast cancer

A retrospective analysis of a series of 162 patients treated for isolated chest wall recurrence of breast cancer after mastectomy was undertaken. Cumulative survival, distant relapse-free survival, and freedom from local progression after 5 years from the diagnosis of recurrence were 34%, 28%, and 45% respectively. Five prognostic factors influenced survival: axillary node status, primary T stage, length of disease-free interval, and number and size of recurrences. Four prognostic factors influenced the local control: axillary node status, primary T stage, disease-free interval, and number of recurrences. Patients with three or more, out of five, favorable prognostic factors fared much better than those with two or less: 75% versus 15% survival at 5 years. Our findings suggest that it is possible to identify a group of patients with a distinctly good medium-term survival and local control of disease.     

T4期乳腺癌患者改良根治术后胸壁放疗加量的疗效及预后分析

目的分析T4期乳腺癌患者改良根治术后胸壁放疗加量的疗效。方法回顾分析2000-2016年收治的148例T4期、改良根治术后放疗的乳腺癌患者资料,胸壁放疗加量组57例,不加量组91例。放疗采用常规+胸壁电子线、三维适形+胸壁电子线、调强放疗+胸壁电子线照射,加量组EQD2>50Gy。全组患者均接受新辅助化疗。Kaplan-Meier法生存分析并Logrank检验差异,Cox模型多因素预后分析。结果中位随访时间67.2个月,5年胸壁复发(CWR)、局部区域复发(LRR)、无瘤生存(DFS)、总生存(OS)率分别为9.9%、16.2%、58.0%、71.4%。胸壁放疗加量和不加量的5年CWR、LRR、DFS、OS率分别为14%和7%、18%和15%、57%和58%、82%和65%(P>0.05)。多因素分析显示胸壁加量与否对预后无显著影响(P>0.05)。45例复发高危组患者中放疗加量组似乎有较高的OS率(P=0.058)、DFS率(P=0.084)和较低的LRR率(P=0.059)。结论T4期乳腺癌患者异质性较强,胸壁放疗加量对全组患者无明显获益。对于有脉管瘤栓阳性、pN2-N3、激素受体阴性中2~3个高危因素患者胸壁放疗加量有改善疗效趋势。