胸腰椎爆裂性骨折椎管形态改变与脊髓损伤的关系

目的　探讨胸腰椎爆裂性骨折椎管形态改变与脊髓损伤的关系。方法　对 5 6例胸腰椎爆裂性骨折病人进行CT、X线检查 ,测量椎管矢状径、横径、椎管面积和Cobb角 ,计算椎管狭窄率、椎管侵占率及矢状径与横径之比 ,并对病人的神经功能状况进行评估。结果　脊髓损伤组与无脊髓损伤组的椎管狭窄率、椎管侵占率、Cobb角、矢状径与横径之比的差异无显著性(P >0 0 5 ) ;31例脊髓损伤病人低运动评分组 (<2 5分 )与高运动评分组 (≥ 2 5分 )的椎管狭窄率、椎管侵占率和Cobb角的差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,椎管狭窄率、椎管侵占率与ASIA损伤分级和运动评分呈负相关 (rs=- 0 4 6～ - 0 5 2 ,P≤0 0 1) ,Cobb角与ASIA损伤分级呈负相关 (rs=- 0 36 ,P <0 0 5 )。结论　椎管静态侵占和后凸畸形对胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的脊髓损伤结果有影响。     

胸腰段爆裂骨折椎管占位与早期神经损伤的关系

【摘要】 目的：探讨胸腰段爆裂骨折椎管内骨块占位程度与早期神经损伤的关系。方法：对2000年1月至2009年12月收治的115例胸腰段爆裂骨折急性期患者的CT扫描图像与神经损伤情况进行回顾性分析。无神经损伤组（Ａ组）43例,神经损伤组（Ｂ组）72例。对患者CT图像运用Image J图像分析软件进行测量,分别对伤椎及其相邻上下椎的椎管横径、矢状径和面积进行测量,计算相应的椎管占位率和矢状径与横径比值,将无神经损伤组与神经损伤组进行统计学分析。结果：伤椎的椎管矢状径、面积和矢状径/横径比值在T12节段A组分别     

伤椎椎弓根螺钉固定横突间植骨治疗胸腰段爆裂骨折

目的评价经伤椎行椎弓根螺钉固定结合横突间植骨治疗胸腰椎单节段椎体爆裂性骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析我院2006年6月至2009年1月期间经伤椎行椎弓根螺钉固定结合横突间植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折病例资料16例,其中男性11例,女性5例;年龄21～68岁,平均42.4岁。收集的病例均为单节段椎体爆裂性骨折,伤椎仅一侧椎弓根置钉,即五钉固定法。比较术前术后椎体前缘高度、脊柱后凸角（矢状面Cobb′s角）、椎管正中矢状径、神经功能Frankel分级等指标。结果术后随访6～24个月,平均随访10.8个月,术后均获得较好复位,高度及外形基本恢复正常,无内固定物松动、断裂等并发症,手术前后椎体前缘高度、脊柱后凸角（矢状面Cobb′s角）、椎管正中矢状径比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,疼痛明显减轻,神经功能Frankel分级亦有改善。结论经伤椎行椎弓根螺钉固定结合横突间植骨治疗胸腰椎椎体爆裂性骨折可获得不错疗效,可以较好重建椎体高度,减少并发症,增强固定的稳定性及抗扭转能力,是治疗胸腰段椎体爆裂性骨折一种可行、有效的方法 。     

前路减压植骨双棒系统内固定治疗胸腰段多椎体爆裂骨折合并脊髓损伤

目的探讨前路减压植骨融合双棒内固定系统治疗胸腰段相邻多椎体爆裂骨折合并脊髓损伤的临床疗效。方法我院自2000～2004年采用前路减压、双棒系统内固定治疗胸腰段相邻多椎体爆裂骨折合并脊髓损伤患者16例。脊髓神经功能按Frankel分级:A级2例,B级4例,C级5例,D级5例。结果所有患者随访8～24个月,脊髓神经功能按Frankel分级评定有1～3级恢复,随访期间无后凸加重及内固定松动、脱落等并发症,植骨融合。结论前路减压植骨双棒内固定因具有操作方便、矫形力强、固定可靠、利于植骨融合等优点,是治疗胸腰段相邻多椎体爆裂骨折合并脊髓损伤较好的方法。     

胸腰段脊柱骨折椎管狭窄与脊髓损伤相关性研究及治疗策略

目的 通过CT定量测定胸腰段骨折椎管内骨片面积大小,结合患者临床症状,分析椎管狭窄与脊髓损伤的相关性.方法 随机抽取经CT检查发现有椎管占位的60例胸腰段骨折,根据其临床表现按无脊髓损伤、不全性脊髓损伤、完全性脊髓损伤进行分类,对其椎管内骨片进行测定,计算占位率,探讨影像学与临床表现间的相关性.结果 椎管内骨片的平均占位率总体上与临床表现无显著性差异,在无脊髓损伤和完全性脊髓损伤间有差异.结论 胸腰段骨折椎管内骨片占位率与临床表现总体上不相关,但在无脊髓损伤和完全性脊髓损伤间有相关性,对是否手术具有参考价值.     

经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术在胸腰段爆裂性骨折手术中的应用

目的 探讨经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术(TLIF)在胸腰段爆裂性骨折手术中的作用.方法 2010年1月至2012年1月应用TLIF技术治疗椎体前缘高度丢失大于50％,椎管占位率大于40％的胸腰段单节段爆裂性骨折患者共23例,男15例,女8例;年龄22～61岁,平均45.3岁;损伤节段:T12 5例,L115例,L23例.骨折按照Denis分型:均为爆裂性骨折.脊髓神经功能受损情况按美国脊髓损伤协会(ASIA)脊髓神经功能障碍分级:A级1例,B级2例,C级7例,D级11例,E级2例.结果 本组患者手术时间100～160 min,平均140 min;出血量200～750 mL,平均370 mL.无术中、术后并发症发生.术后随访5 ～ 24个月(平均12.3个月),末次随访时脊髓神经功能按ASIA分级:A级1例,B级1例,C级4例,D级7例,E级10例,平均提高1.8级.伤椎前缘高度由术前45.2％±17.6％恢复至术后90.2％±13.7％,后缘高度由术前81.5％±14.3％恢复至术后93.5％±15.4％,cobb角由术前28.4°±11.8°改善至术后6.4°±3.8°,以上指标差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 TLIF技术可用于胸腰段爆裂性骨折的治疗,能完成对骨折的减压、固定和前柱的支撑植骨融合,值得推广应用.     

非椎板减压经椎弓内固定治疗胸腰段爆裂性骨折的体会

目的 分析评价非椎板减压经椎弓根内固定治疗胸腰段爆裂性骨折的临床疗效.方法 16例胸腰椎爆裂性骨折采用非椎板减压经椎弓根内固定治疗,全部病例病椎均存在后凸畸形,角度15～45度,椎管内骨块突入,椎管容积减少程度20%～65%.术前神经功能评价按Frank分级：C级5例,D级8例,E级3例.结果 随访时间6～36个月,平均2年.全部病例恢复满意,植骨达到骨性融合.结论 非椎板减压经椎弓根内固定治疗胸腰段爆裂性骨折,损伤小,操作简便,维持了原椎体稳定结构,避免了直接椎板减压引起的继发的医源性椎管狭窄所致的并发症,术后恢复快的优点.     

后路单间隙融合双节段固定治疗Denis B型胸腰椎爆裂性骨折

[目的]总结采用后路单间隙融合双节段固定治疗伴脊髓损伤(spinal cord injury,SCI)的Denis B型胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的临床疗效.[方法] 2007年1月～2009年3月,采用后路单间隙融合双节段固定治疗Denis B型胸腰椎爆裂性骨折患者31例.其中男21例,女10例;年龄17 ～61岁,平均35.5岁.均伴有不同程度脊髓压迫症状.31例均为单节段椎体骨折,其中Tu4例,T129例,L114例,L24例.伤后距手术时间6h～3d,平均2.4d.观察手术前后及随访阶段均以骨折椎体为中心摄正、侧位X线片.了解术后及随访期间骨折复位丢失情况,有无内固定折断,椎弓根钉松动、拔出,椎弓根钉或内固定圆棒折断等.按美国脊髓损伤协会标准评价神经功能.比较术后1周、术后12个月椎体成角、上下终板成角有无差异,神经功能恢复情况.[结果]所有患者手术切口均Ⅰ期愈合.31例均获随访,随访时间24～48个月,平均26个月.术后1周及术后12个月椎体成角、上下终板成角与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),术后12个月与术后1周比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).神经功能有不同程度的恢复.术后随访期间无内固定松动、断裂等并发症发生,植骨融合良好,无植骨不融合、骨吸收、椎体塌陷等情况.[结论]后路单间隙融合双节段固定是治疗Denis B型胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的有效方法.     

直接或间接复位对无神经症状型胸腰椎爆裂性骨折椎管重塑的影响

目的探讨直接或间接复位对无神经症状型胸腰椎爆裂性骨折椎管重塑的影响。方法将52例无神经症状型胸腰椎爆裂性骨折患者按照手术方式不同分为直接复位组(n=26)和间接复位组(n=26)。比较两组患者椎体骨块占位率、椎体前缘高度降低百分比、Cobb角、椎管重塑矢状径的恢复比率及ODI评分。结果患者均获得随访,时间12~15个月。末次随访时,两组ODI评分均较术前明显降低(P<0.001),两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组椎体骨块占位率、椎体前缘高度降低百分比及Cobb角均较术前明显改善(P<0.01),两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);椎管重塑矢状径的恢复比率间接复位组为15.7%±8.9%,直接复位组为11.8%±9.2%,两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论直接或间接复位治疗无神经症状型胸腰椎爆裂性骨折患者均可获得较好的临床疗效。间接复位手术操作步骤减少,创伤小,且后期椎管重塑较好,更具优势。     

AF内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折

随着社会的不断进步,各种高能量致伤力的出现,使得胸腰椎爆裂性骨折成为临床上较常见的创伤,并常伴有严重的椎体压缩、椎管变形、脊柱畸形和不同程度的脊髓损伤.笔者自2005年2月～2008年2月运用AF内固定系统治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折32例,治疗效果满意.现报告如下.     

The significance of thoracolumbar spinal canal size in spinal cord injury patients

STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, consecutive case series. OBJECTIVES: To determine the relation between spinal canal dimensions and Injury Severity Score and their association with neurologic sequelae after thoracolumbar junction burst fracture. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: There is a relation in the cervical spine between spinal canal dimension and its association with neurologic sequelae after trauma. A similar relation at the thoracolumbar junction has not been conclusively established. METHODS: Forty-three patients with thoracolumbar junction burst fractures (T12-L2),13 with and 30 without neurologic deficit, were included. Computed tomographic scans were used to measure the sagittal and transverse diameters and the surface area of the spinal canal at the level of injury, as well as one level above and one level below the fracture level. Injury severity score was calculated for both groups. Statistical analysis comparing those with a neurologic deficit to those without was performed by Student's t test. RESULTS: The ratio of sagittal-to-transverse diameter at the level of injury was significantly smaller in patients with a neurologic deficit than in those without a neurologic deficit (P < 0.05). The mean transverse diameter at the level of injury was significantly larger in patients with neurologic deficit than in the neurologically intact patients (P < 0.05). The surface area of the canal at the level below the injury was significantly larger in the patients with a neurologic deficit than in those without a deficit (P < 0.05). Patients with a neurologic deficit had a statistically higher Injury Severity Score when admitted than those without a neurologic deficit (P < 0.0001), although the difference became insignificant after the neurologic component of the scoring system was eliminated. CONCLUSION: There are no anatomic factors at the thoracolumbar junction that predispose to neurologic injury after burst fracture. The shape of the canal after injury, however, as determined by the sagittal-to-transverse diameter ratio, was predictive of neurologic deficit.     

胸腰椎爆裂骨折损伤部位和椎管内占位程度与神经损伤的关系

目的探讨胸腰椎爆裂骨折骨折部位及椎管内骨块占位程度与神经损伤的关系。方法对213例胸腰椎爆裂骨折根据骨折部位及CT测出的椎管内骨折骨块占位程度与神经损伤进行分析评定。结果神经损伤组椎管骨折骨块占位程度明显高于无神经损伤组;在有神经损伤情况下,骨折部位椎管内骨块占位程度腰段大于胸腰段;神经损伤程度与椎管内骨块占位程度无显著相关。结论胸腰椎爆裂骨折椎管内骨块占位压迫是神经损伤的重要因素;神经损伤与骨折部位和椎管内骨块占位程度联合相关。     

72例胸腰段爆裂性骨折患者神经功能缺失与伤后椎管狭窄相关性的研究

目的：研究胸腰段爆裂性骨折患者脊髓损伤程度与相应椎管狭窄两者间的相关性。方法：对1998年6月～2004年3月间收治的72例胸腰段爆裂骨折患者进行回顾性分析，脊髓功能按照Frankel分级进行评定，使用透明毫米尺对患者CT片椎管正中矢状径进行测量以此代表椎管面积，分别计算T11、T12、L1、L2四个节段两者的相关系数并进行直线相关分析。结果：T1、T12、L1、L2节段两者问相关系数分别为：O．3348、0．8457、0．6691、0．3336。提示T12水平两者具有较高的相关性，而在L1、L2节段两者的相关性较低。对相关系数进行显著性检验，结果显示在T12、L1椎管狭窄和脊髓功能损伤之间具有直线相关关系（P〈O．001），而在T11、L2两个节段不能认为椎管狭窄和脊髓功能损伤间具有直线相关关系（P〉0．5，0．10〈P〈0．20）。结论：脊髓的损伤程度与椎管狭窄程度具有相关性。测量患者胸腰段爆裂骨折CT扫描图像中椎管占位面积的大小可以作为神经损伤程度的一个预测因素。     

The efficiency of ultrasound guided spinal fracture reposition

Summary To calculate canal compromise and decrease of midsagittal diameter caused by retropulsion of fragments into the spinal canal we analyzed the pre- and postoperative computed tomographies of 32 patients with unstable thoracolumbar burst fractures treated by USS (universal spine system). Our intention was to examine the efficiency of ultrasound guided repositioning of the dispaced fragments which was performed in all 32 cases. We found a clear postoperative enlargement of canal area (ASP preoperatively 55 %, postop. 80 %) and midsagittal diameter (MSD preop. 58 %, postop. 78 %). 10 of 13 patients presented a postoperative improvement of neurological deficit, no neurological deterioration occured. Fractures with neurological deficit showed more canal compromise (52 %) and less midsagittal diameter (MSD compromise 51 %) than those without (40 % or 39 %). There was no correlation between the percentage of spinal canal stenosis and the severity of neurological deficit. Below L 1 the spinal canal is greater than between Th 11 and L 1, so a more important spinal stenosis is tolerated. In case of unstable burst fractures with neurological deficit the ultrasound guided spinal fracture reposition is an effective procedure concerning the necessary improvement of spinal stenosis: an additional ventral approach for the revision of the spinal canal is unneeded. In fractures without neurologic deficit the repositioning of the displaced fragments promises an avoidance of long-term damages such as myelopathia and claudicatio spinalis.      

CT scan prediction of neurological deficit in thoracolumbar burst fractures.

In 139 patients with burst fractures of the thoracic, thoracolumbar or lumbar spine, the least sagittal diameter of the spinal canal at the level of injury was measured by computerised tomography. By multiple logistic regression we investigated the joint correlation of the level of the burst fracture and the percentage of spinal canal stenosis with the probability of an associated neurological deficit. There was a very significant correlation between neurological deficit and the percentage of spinal canal stenosis; the higher the level of injury the greater was the probability. The severity of neurological deficit could not be predicted.     

Die Bedeutung des Wirbelkanaldurchmessers im thorakolumbalen und lumbalen Bereich nach Trauma

A relationship between traumatic spinal canal stenosis and the degree of neurological deficit is known for the cervical spine. However, this has not been proven for the thoracolumbar and lumbar spine. During a period of 4 years, from 1996 to 1999, 1168 patients with a spinal injury were treated at our department, 473 of these by operation. Thirty-five were examined in a separate group.They showed a single fracture of the thoracolumbar and lumbar spine with stenosis of the spinal canal. All fractures were single burst fractures after blunt trauma. All patients were conscious and fully oriented at the time of admission and a thorough neurological examination could be performed. The fractures were diagnosed by conventional X-ray in two views and computed tomography (CT). Using the transverse CT scans in horizontal view, the sagittal diameter was measured and the degree of stenosis calculated in percent at the level of the fracture and one below and above. The group included 25 male and 10 female patients, with a mean age of 38 years (range: 17-61 years). Of the 35 patients, 19 (54.3%) showed neurological deficits after spinal cord injury,and 16 (45.7%) were without any neurological complications at the time of first admission to the hospital. There was no correlation between the extent of spinal canal stenosis and the degree of the neurological deficit. One patient with stenosis of 20% suffered from neurological dysfunction, others with stenosis up to 80% were without spinal cord injury. The average stenosis of the spinal canal was 49.6% in cases with cord injury and 46.3% in patients without neurological dysfunction. No correlation and no predisposing anatomical structures could be found between stenosis and neurological deficit.     

Does neurological recovery in thoracolumbar and lumbar burst fractures depend on the extent of canal compromise?

STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study. OBJECTIVES: Forty-five consecutive cases of thoracolumbar and lumbar burst fractures treated non-operatively were analyzed to correlate the extent of canal compromise at the time of injury with (i) the initial neurologic deficit and (ii) with the extent of neurological recovery at 1 year. The effect of spinal canal remodeling on neurological recovery was also analyzed. SETTING: University teaching hospital in south India. METHODS: The degree of spinal canal compromise and canal remodeling were assessed from computed tomography scans. The neurologic status was assessed by Frankel's grading. RESULTS: The mean canal compromise in patients with neurologic deficit was 46.2% while in patients with no neurological deficit it was 36.3%. The mean spinal canal compromise in patients with neurological recovery was 46.1% and 48.4% in those with no recovery. The amount of canal remodeling in patients who recovered was 51.7% and 46.1% in the patients who did not recover. None of these differences was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: This study shows that there is no correlation between the neurologic deficit and subsequent recovery with the extent of spinal canal compromise in thoracolumbar burst fractures.     

Comparison of computerized tomography parameters of the thoracolumbar spine in normal control subjects and spinal cord injured patients

The cross-sectional area and the sagittal and transverse diameters of the spinal canal at the thoracolumbar junction were measured using high resolution thin-section computerized tomography images in 15 control subjects and 28 patients with traumatic injury to the spinal cord at the thoracolumbar junction. No significant difference between the control and study groups was found with regard to any of the three measures taken. With the exception of the sagittal canal diameter for the first lumbar vertebra, all the mean values were higher for the spinal cord injured group. The ratio of the sagittal to transverse diameter was larger for the control group; however, this difference also was not significant. These findings suggest no significant differences in the dimensions and shape of the canal at the thoracolumbar region between the spinal cord injured and control groups. In contrast to the cervical spinal canal, there appears to be no correlation between the spinal cord injury and the dimensions of the thoracolumbar spinal canal.     

Neurologic recovery from thoracolumbar burst fractures: is it predicted by the amount of initial canal encroachment and kyphotic deformity?

BACKGROUND: The association between neurologic recovery and initial compromise of spinal canal and sagittal alignment has been rarely documented. This study was performed to better understand whether the degree of neurologic recovery from thoracolumbar burst fractures is affected and predicted by initial compromise of spinal canal and sagittal alignment. METHODS: Eighty-seven patients who underwent conservative or surgical treatment for thoracolumbar burst fractures between 1993 and 2001 were prospectively followed up for 3 to 10 years (average, 5.5 years). They were assessed for neurologic deficit and improvement as defined by the scoring system of ASIA, the stenotic ratio of spinal canal and kyphosis angle. RESULTS: The ASIA score in 52 patients with neurologic deficit averaged 34.0 (range, 0-50) on admission and 46.1 (range, 27-50) at final follow-up. All these patients except 2 with neurologic deficit experienced improvement with an average recovery rate of 72.7% (range, 0%-100%). No statistically significant difference (P > .05) in the stenotic ratio of spinal canal or kyphotic deformity was demonstrated among the patients with no neurologic deficit, with incomplete lesions, and with complete lesions. The stenotic ratio of spinal canal or kyphosis angle was not significantly correlated with initial and final ASIA score and recovery rate (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: The neurologic recovery from thoracolumbar burst fractures is not predicted by the amount of initial canal encroachment and kyphotic deformity. When deciding on the treatment for patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures, both neurologic function and spinal stability should be taken into account.