不同材料人工真皮支架修复猪Ⅲ度烧伤创面比较

目的 比较胶原壳聚糖真皮支架、胶原磺化羧甲基壳聚糖真皮支架及脱细胞基质真皮支架移植于Ⅲ度烧伤创面后,真皮支架的血管化及支架上表皮移植修复创面情况.方法 将3种不同真皮支架各移植于6头猪(共18头猪)Ⅲ度烧伤清创后创面,在植入后1、2、3周对真皮支架血管化、创面、支架上表皮移植愈合和修复情况进行观察,同时用免疫组织化学方法,对CD34阳性信号(新生血管数目)进行检测.以无支架植入的Ⅲ度烧伤清创后创面为对照.结果 胶原磺化羧甲基壳聚糖真皮支架植入后2周支架血管化已基本完成,而胶原壳聚糖和脱细胞基质真皮支架至少需要3周.3种不同材料支架垂直于创面的新生微血管均比无支架对照创面多;不同材料支架组与对照组2周创面比1周创面、3周创面比2周创面CD34的表达均明显增多,胶原磺化羧甲基壳聚糖真皮支架组植入后1、2、3周CD34阳性信号均明显高于相对应的其他3组;胶原磺化羧甲基壳聚糖真皮支架植入后1周,创面植表皮,移植表皮存活良好,而胶原壳聚糖和脱细胞基质真皮支架植入需要2周,其表面移植的表皮细胞才能成活.结论 3种材料的支架均可修复Ⅲ度烧伤创面,而以胶原磺化羧甲基壳聚糖真皮支架的血管化程度最好.     

不同人工真皮支架在修复Ⅲ度烧伤创面中创面收缩和细胞凋亡差异的实验研究

目的 探讨不同真皮支架血管化对Ⅲ度烧伤创而修复中创面收缩和细胞凋亡影响的差异.方法 将胶原-磺化羧甲基壳聚糖、胶原-壳聚糖及脱细胞基质三种真皮支架分别移植于猪Ⅲ度烧伤清创后创面,观察植入创面的修复情况,并通过免疫组化、末端脱氧核苷酸介导的生物索化的脱氧尿嘧啶DNA切口末端标记等方法对不同时间小同支架创面中表达α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)的血管和肌成纤维细胞数量及细胞凋亡情况进行检测.结果 植入不同真皮支架的创面与无支架植入的肉芽创面不同.支架植入创面1～3周α-SMA表达阳性的血管数持续增加,支架植入2周加植表皮2周后创面血管数减少,不同时间点以胶原-磺化羧甲基壳聚糖真皮支架植入创面最多,无支架植入创面最少.α-SMA表达阳性的肌成纤维细胞以胶原-磺化羧甲基壳聚糖真皮支架植入创面最少且表达高峰为2周,其他创面表达高峰为3周,以无支架植入创面最多.不同支架植入后2～4周,创面内细胞凋亡持续大幅增多;而无支架植入创面中,3～4周才开始增加;细胞凋亡以胶原-磺化羧甲基壳聚糖真皮支架创面最多,无支架创面最少.结论胶原-磺化羧甲基壳聚糖真皮支架可增强修复细胞的迁移,获得良好的血管化,较好较快地修复皮肤全层烧伤缺损创面.     

组织工程皮肤修复全层皮肤缺损的实验研究

目的 探索由人表皮干细胞、成纤维细胞与纤维蛋白支架构建的组织工程皮肤修复全层皮肤缺损的可行性. 方法 将人全层皮肤采用胰蛋白酶消化法使表皮干细胞和真皮成纤维细胞分离后,分别在无血清培养基中行原代及传代培养.将体外扩增培养至第3、4代的表皮干细胞(5×104/mL)和真皮成纤维细胞(1×104/mL)共0.5 mL与纤维蛋白支架(0.5 mL)混合凝固构建组织工程皮肤.取4～5周龄雄性裸鼠45只,体重19.5～20.3 g,平均20.0 g,制备背部全层皮肤缺损模型.随机分为5组,每组9只,分别为空白对照组(C组),创面仅覆盖凡士林油纱,自然愈合;单纯支架组(F组),创面移植无细胞的纤维蛋白支架;表皮支架组(S组),创面移植含有表皮干细胞的纤维蛋白支架复合物;成纤维细胞支架组(Fb组),创面移植含有成纤维细胞的纤维蛋白支架复合物;组织工程皮肤组(T组),创面移植组织工程皮肤.术前及术后1、3、6、8周行全身及移植部位大体观察;移植后3、6、8周,取材行组织学、免疫组织化学及扫描电镜观察. 结果 细胞培养4周后,表皮干细胞培养皿内可见圆形细胞,在加有BrdU的培养液中培养6 d后可见BrdU染色阳性细胞;成纤维细胞培养皿内可见梭形细胞.构建的组织工程皮肤可见CK19免疫荧光染色阳性细胞、Nestin染色阳性细胞.移植后T组新生皮肤较其余各组生长快、瘢痕轻.术后6周,C、F、S、Fb及T组皮肤厚度分别为(0.460 ±0.049)、(0.480 ±0.055)、(0.540 ±0.043)、(0.510 ±0.032)及(0.60 ±0.047)mm,T组明显厚于其余各组,且差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后3、6、8周,HE染色及扫描电镜示,T组新生表皮层数及真皮成纤维细胞、血管数量均多于其余各组,且T组真皮血管及胶原纤维排列均较其余各组整齐;术后3周,Ⅳ型胶原免疫组织化学染色显示,T组已形成连续的染色带,而其余各组均不连续;术后6周,CK14免疫组织化学染色显示,T组可见阳性细胞,其余各组均未见. 结论 用表皮干细胞、成纤维细胞及纤维蛋白支架构建的组织工程皮肤移植后能使创面迅速愈合,可望成为一种较理想的组织工程皮肤.     

羧甲基壳聚糖在大鼠创伤出血模型的止血效果的观察

目的:建立SD大鼠创伤出血动物模型,观察羧甲基壳聚糖粉的止血效果及组织相容性和生物降解率。方法:①SD大鼠60只,30只用于建立肝脏出血创面,30只用于建立股静脉出血创面;2种模型的大鼠各分3组(羧甲基壳聚糖组、速即纱组、空白对照组),每组10只,并将材料置于大鼠的创面,观察各组的止血时间及出血量。②肝脏出血模型的大鼠1周后剖腹探查,切取肝脏创面组织,行病理组织检查,观察光镜下组织反应。结果:对于肝脏渗血和股静脉出血创面,羧甲基壳聚糖组、速即纱组及空白对照组均可止血,羧甲基壳聚糖组与速即纱组间止血时间及失血量无差异(P0.05);而羧甲基壳聚糖组及速即纱组与空白组比较,在止血时间、失血量上都有统计学差异(P0.01)。1周后羧甲基壳聚糖组大鼠肝脏创面组织在光镜下可见周围组织炎症反应较轻,且羧甲基壳聚糖已吸收。结论:羧甲基壳聚糖粉对大鼠肝脏渗血创面及静脉出血止血效果明显,组织相容性好,生物降解快。     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植对吸入性损伤家兔炎症反应和肺损伤的影响

目的 初步了解骨髓间充质干细胞(MSC)移植对烟雾吸入性损伤兔外周血主要炎症因子和肺水质量分数以及肺组织损伤的影响. 方法 取16只成年新西兰大耳白兔制成烟雾吸入性损伤模型后,按随机数字表法分成单纯致伤组和MSC移植组(各8只).单纯致伤组伤后立即经耳缘静脉注入10 mL PBS;MSC移植组伤后立即经耳缘静脉注入10 mL PBS,内含兔第3代MSC(分离自健康幼龄新西兰大耳白兔)1×107个.另取8只成年新西兰大耳白兔作为正常对照组,不致伤,仅经耳缘静脉注入10 mL PBS.单纯致伤组和MSC移植组分别于致伤后2、4、6 h采血,以ELISA法检测血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10含量;伤后24 h,取兔肺行大体观察和组织病理学观察(左下肺),取右肺中叶组织计算肺水质量分数.正常对照组同法抽血并取肺组织进行检测.对实验数据行t检验.结果 (1)两致伤组家兔各时相点血清TNF-α含量均明显高于正常对照组(t=2.43～9.57,P＜0.05或P＜0.01).单纯致伤组各时相点血清IL-1β和IL-6含量明显高于正常对照组(t=8.49～19.80,P值均小于0.01);MSC移植组各时相点IL-1β含量与正常对照组接近(t=0.11～0.92,P值均大于0.05),IL-6含量伤后2 h与正常对照组接近(t=2.12,P＞0.05),4、6 h显著升高(t值均为2.83,P值均小于0.05).MSC移植组家兔各时相点血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6明显低于单纯致伤组(t=2.35～12.45,P＜0.05或P＜0.01).(2)MSC移植组伤后2、4、6 h血清IL-10含量分别为(13.0±3.6)、(11.6±8.5)、(15.2±4.4)pg/mL,与单纯致伤组各对应时相点的含量[分别为(5.5±3.4)、(5.0±1.7)、(7.9±3.5)pg/mL]相比均显著升高(t值分别为4.28、2.15、3.67,P值均小于0.01).两致伤组亦明显高于正常对照组(t=2.46～8.14,P＜0.05或P＜0.01).(3)大体观察及组织病理学观察见,MSC移植组肺组织损伤程度较单纯致伤组明显改善.(4)伤后24 h,与正常对照组肺水质量分数(48±3)%相比,两致伤组均明显升高(t值分别为16.93、7.22,P值均小于0.01).MSC移植组肺水质量分数为(69±7)%,较单纯致伤组(87±6)%明显降低(t=5.49,P＜0.01). 结论 MSC移植能降低烟雾吸入性损伤兔外周血促炎因子水平,升高抗炎因子水平,降低肺水质量分数,改善全身炎症反应,对肺组织具有保护作用.     

明胶/聚己内酯电纺复合纳米纤维支架促进创面愈合的实验研究

目的 了解明胶/聚己内酯(Gt/PCL)电纺复合纳米纤维支架对家兔全层皮肤缺损创面愈合的影响. 方法 将16只家兔背部制作全层皮肤缺损创面,其中8只行同体对照实验,分别以Gt/PCL纳米纤维膜覆盖(Gt/PCL组)、PCL纤维膜覆盖(PCL组);余下8只家兔创面用凡士林纱布覆盖(对照组),各组创面数均为8个.记录创面愈合时间;于伤后3、7、10 d计算创面愈合率,并取创面及创周组织行组织病理学观察. 结果 Gt/PCL组创面愈合时间为(18.2±1.3)d、PCL组(20.3±1.1)d、对照组为(22.0±0.6)d,组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);Gt/PCL组伤后各时相点创面愈合率均高于其他2组(P＜0.05).与其余2组比较,Gt/PCL组真皮层肉芽组织增生少,上皮细胞移行速度明显增快,胶原排列规则. 结论 Gt/PCL电纺复合纳米纤维支架能明显促进家兔全层皮肤缺损创面的愈合,是目前可供选择的效果比较确切的组织工程支架材料.     

不同厚度异体皮制备的微粒皮混合自体微粒皮移植对创面愈合的影响

目的　观察不同厚度异体皮制备的微粒皮混合自体微粒皮移植于大鼠背部全层皮肤缺损后对创面愈合的影响。　方法　制作大鼠全层皮肤缺损创面模型。以移植面积扩张比为 5∶1的自体微粒皮为对照组 ( 10只 ) ,两种不同厚度异体皮制备的微粒皮与同样扩张比的自体微粒皮混合移植为实验组 ,其中实验 1组异体微粒皮厚度为 0 .3mm(10只 ) ,实验 2组 0 .6mm(6只 )。比较移植后 2、3、4周 3组大鼠创面愈合率、收缩率及组织学差异。　结果　创面愈合率 :移植后 2周实验 1组大鼠( 94 .5 8± 3.99) %和实验 2组 ( 95 .2 8± 1.93) %均高于对照组 ( 88.2 8± 6 .85 ) % (P <0.0 5 ),移植后 3周实验 2组 ( 94 .5 5± 3.4 7) %高于实验 1组 ( 89.5 1± 4 70 ) %及对照组 ( 88.5 1± 5 .5 9) % (P <0.0 5),移植后 4周 3组比较 ,差异无显著性意义 (P >0 0 5 )。创面收缩率 :实验 1组大鼠与对照组比较 ,差异无显著性意义 (P >0.0 5),实验 2组各时相点均低于实验 1组及对照组 (P <0.0 5)。组织学检查 :移植后 2周实验组大鼠有明显的淋巴细胞灶性浸润 ,移植后 4周 3组之间比较 ,差异无显著性意义 ( P>0.0 5 )。结论　适量的异体微粒皮混合自体微粒皮移植 ,可以促进创面愈合 ;混合移植等量异体微粒皮时增加其真皮厚度 ,能够减     

点状自体皮与辐照异种皮改良复合移植的临床应用研究

目的 探讨点状自体皮与辐照异种皮改良复合移植的临床效果.方法 对入选的80例大面积烧伤患者,采用分层随机分组的方法分为治疗组及对照组,每组40例,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上,入院后第3～5天行切削痂,点状自体皮移植后辐照异种皮覆盖;对照组40例,其中20例行点状自体皮移植网眼油纱覆盖后加压包扎,20例行点状自体皮移植新鲜猪皮覆盖.观察比较两组患者点状自体皮成活情况、辐照异种皮排斥、创面愈合时间及愈合率、换药工作量、患者疼痛度及1年后患者瘢痕及功能恢复情况.结果 治疗组术后1周换药见辐照异种皮贴服完整,2周辐照异种皮呈干痂状.4～5周干痂逐渐分离,创面愈合.创面愈合时间治疗组(29.5±5)d较对照组(39.6±4)d明显缩短(P＜0.01).创面愈合率治疗组(86.8±3.8)％较对照组(34.2±2.1)％明显提高(P＜0.01).创面感染率降低30％,换药的劳动强度降低70％,减轻患者疼痛.1年后患者瘢痕平整其弹性及功能良好.结论 点状自体皮与辐照异种皮改良复合移植提高了皮肤移植的成活率,有利于创面愈合,对治疗大面积烧伤创面修复可行有效.     

膨体聚四氟乙烯覆盖创面的实验研究

目的 了解高分子材料膨体聚四氟乙烯(ePTFE)作为创面覆盖材料的可行性.方法 将45只SD大鼠背部制成全层皮肤至筋膜层损伤创面后分为:自体移植组,创面行自体皮片回植;异体移植组,以15只Wistar大鼠为供皮鼠,将皮片移植于SD大鼠创面;实验组,在创面上覆盖ePTFE.每组15只SD大鼠.肉眼观察各组大鼠创面愈合情况.于术后3、7、14 d切取各组大鼠创面组织标本行HE染色,光学显微镜下观察组织切片中巨噬细胞、Fb、淋巴细胞数量.免疫组织化学法检测γ干扰素(IFN-γ)和IL-2表达水平.结果 自体移植组、实验组大鼠创面愈合良好,未见红肿及感染征象;异体移植组大鼠术后8 d出现排斥反应,表皮有不同程度的变性坏死,创缘红肿.各时相点异体移植组镜下可见巨噬细胞、Fb、淋巴细胞数量均高于实验组和自体移植组(P＜0.01).免疫组织化学染色可见,术后7 d异体移植组IFN-γ和IL-2表达的平均灰度值分别为129±7、113.7±2.7,均明显低于自体移植组(189±6、180.3±3.7,P＜0.01)和实验组(144±8、137.3±1.9,P＜0.01).结论 ePTFE可引起较小的炎性反应及异物反应,置于受损创面上未见不良反应,可以将其作为创面覆盖材料.     

异体脱细胞真皮基质加自体刃厚皮复合移植远期随访评价

目的 评价异体ADM+自体刃厚皮复合移植的临床远期效果.方法 选择2001年3月-2008年10月,笔者单位收治的19例行异体ADM+自体刃厚皮复合移植患者为复合移植组(34个创面),同期9例行自体刃厚皮移植患者为对照组(11个创面).患者术后均随访2年以上.随访时,在曼彻斯特瘢痕量表的基础上设计随访对象评估表,评估移植皮肤的颜色、平整度、质地、挛缩、感觉、并发症情况,分值1～4分,得分越高、情况越差;采用温哥华瘢痕量表评估供皮区瘢痕形成情况;发放问卷调查患者满意度、移植期内健康记录;组织病理学方法观察其中4例患者皮肤组织结构.采用中立位法描述术前、术后及随访时患者关节活动范围.对数据进行非参数秩和检验、t检验或x2检验.结果 (1)复合移植组皮肤平整度、挛缩、质地评分分别为(1.6±0.5)、(1.8±0.8)、(1.5±0.8)分,显著低于对照组的(2.0±0.7)、(2.2±0.9)、(2.3±0.7)分(Z值分别为-2.058、-2.220、-2.323,P值均小于0.05);2组皮肤颜色、感觉、并发症评分结果相近(Z值分别为-0.628、-0.428、-2.520,P值均大于0.05).(2)复合移植组仅1个供皮区部分区域有轻度瘢痕.(3)复合移植组和对照组患者在疼痛、瘙痒和满意度方面比较,差异均无统计学意义(x2值分别为0.187、0.019、2.628,P值均大于0.05).(4)病理结果显示,手部复合移植后2年可见神经纤维结构,ADM在受体内未引起强烈的炎症反应.(5)复合移植组11处关节部位功能得到恢复或改善,另2处需再次手术.对照组2处关节部位均明显挛缩.结论 异体ADM+自体刃厚皮复合移植在防止瘢痕挛缩,改善功能及外观方面效果明显,长期存留于成人和儿童患者体内均未出现安全问题.     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

Long-term follow-up of callotasis lengthening of the capitate after resection of the lunate for the treatment of stage III lunate necrosis

The callotasis lengthening technique was used to gradually lengthen the capitate after resection of the lunate in stage IIIa necrosis in 23 patients. Results of ten patients with a follow-up of at least 5 years showed rapid and sufficient callus formation in every patient regardless of age. The callotasis lengthening modification of the Graner II operation provides all advantages and avoids the major inconvenience of the traditional Graner II operation. There was no increased rate of disturbed fracture healing. Results of the DTPA-gadolinium MRI study did not show any significant impairment of vascularization within the region of the capitate bone. With the “intrinsic bone formation,” contrary to every other intercarpal arthrodesis at the wrist, there is no need for an additional bone graft.     

Comparison of University of Wisconsin and University of Pittsburgh solutions for heart transplantation

The effectiveness of University of Wisconsin (UW) and University of Pittsburgh (UP) solutions for the preservation of rat hearts was compared. Lewis rat hearts were preserved with UW (group A, n=45) or UP (group B, n=45) solution for 0 or 24 h and then transplanted heterotopically into the recipients' abdomen. Ten recipients in each group were observed to obtain 1-week graft survival rates. Tissue water content and tissue content of adenine nucleotides were measured 2 h after transplantation in six grafts from each group. Six hearts preserved for 0 h and seven hearts preserved for 24 h were taken from each group 24 h after grafting for histopathology. The 1-week graft survival rates of groups A24 and B24 were 60% and 10%, respectively. In the 24-h preserved grafts, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and energy charge [(ATP+adenosine diphosphate/2)/(ATP+adenosine diphosphate+adenosine monophosphate)] of groups A and B were 0.972±0.165 and 0.200±0.123 mg/g wet tissue (P<0.05) and 74.4% and 61.1% (P<0.05), respectively. The tissue water content of group A24 was 71.7%, whereas that of group B24 was 74.1% (P<0.05). Histopathology revealed more severe muscle edema and necrosis and infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells in group B24 than in group A24. We conclude that UW solution is more appropriate for rat heart preservation than UP solution.     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.     

Prolongation of lung xenograft survival in rats with a short course of deoxyspergualin and cyclosporin A

The efficacy of 15-deoxyspergualin (DSG), cyclosporin A (CyA), and splenectomy-alone or in combination-in prologing the survival of concordant lung xenotransplants was studied in the hamster-to-rat model. In the untreated group, rejection occurred within 3 days, with an elevation of lymphocytotoxic antibody titers. The rejected lung revealed that ED1+cells were more prevalent than MRC OX8+cells in the perivascular infiltrates. In the DSG group, the antibody response was suppressed and median survival increased to 7.5 days. The rejected lungs demonstrated a highly significant depression in ED1+cellular infiltration and a moderate MRC OX8+cellular infiltration. When maintenance CyA was combined with a short course of DSG, survival dramatically increased to beyond 100 days. There were no deposits of IgM, IgG, or C3 or of any cell infiltrate in the grafts of two animals sacrificed 107 and 119 days post-transplantation. We conclude that initial treatment with DSG combined with continuous CyA can suppress acute rejection in the hamster-to-rat lung xenograft model, resulting in longterm graft survival.     

Anterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy After Shoulder Arthroscopy Treated With Surgical Decompression: A Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature

Background: Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) palsy is a very uncommon cause of upper extremity pain and weakness that comprises less than 1% of all upper extremity nerve palsies. Rarely reported but also mentioned in the literature is AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy. Methods: A systematic review of the literature to date using PubMed was conducted to identify patients who suffered AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy procedures. Articles included met the following criteria: (1) published in English; (2) primary presentation of the data; (3) patients had undergone shoulder arthroscopy before developing symptoms of AIN palsy; and (4) diagnosis was confirmed with clinical symptoms of AIN palsy. Measured outcomes included patient demographics, specific shoulder procedure, anesthesia procedure, intra-operative patient positioning, intra-operative compressive dressing, intra-operative traction, surgical versus conservative treatment, abnormal findings during decompression procedure, proposed mechanism of injury, and follow-up. Results: The search yielded 6 articles, of which 4 (13 cases) met inclusion criteria. An additional 2 cases were included in this report totaling 15 cases. The average patient age was 49 years (range: 31-64) with 73% males. At average follow-up of 24 months, 67% of patients experienced complete resolution of symptoms—more than half of which underwent surgical decompression. Patients who failed to progress experienced weakness of the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus muscles. Conclusions: Proposed injury mechanisms for AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy range from mechanical trauma, compressive hematoma, and direct anesthetic neurotoxicity. Management should be directed by clinical symptoms, imaging, and patient factors with majority of patients expected to have excellent clinical outcomes.     

Synergistic effect of donor-specific blood transfusion and a short course of deoxyspergualin in rat kidney transplantation

Deoxyspergualin (DSG), an analogue of spergualin produced by B. laterosporus, has a strong immunosuppressive effect in various transplantation models. We have investigated the mechanism of donor-specific prolongation of survival time in rat kidney grafting by donor-specific blood transfusion (DST) and a short course of DSG. Lewis (LEW) kidney allografts were transplanted into fully allogeneic BN rats. Fresh, whole LEW blood 1.0 ml, was injected i.v. into BN rats 2 days prior to transplantation. Then, DSG, 6 mg/kg per day, was administered by i.m. injection on days 0, 1, and 2 after transplantation. The recipients were divided into five groups: group 1 (n=6) no treatment: group 2 (n=6) DST only; group 3 (n=7) DSG only; group 4 (n=7) DST and DSG; and group 5 (n=6), third party (ACI rats) blood transfusion and DSG. Lymphocytes (cervical lymph nodes) and serum were harvested from BN recipients on day 7 postgrafting. For suppressor cell assays, lymphocytes from BN recipients in each group were added as a third cell to the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLC) between nontransplanted BN lymphocytes (responder) and LEW or other third party (PVGC, ACI, WKA rats) lymphocytes (stimulator). Antidonor lymphocytotoxic antibody (ADLA) was checked by microcytotoxicity assays. Median survival times (MST) for each group were: group 1, 10 days; group 1, 10 days; group 3, 13 days; group 4, 75 days; and group 5, 13 days. Remarkable prolongation of MST was only noted in group 4. In the suppressor cell assay, group 4 showed significant suppression (40%; P<0.05); the other groups did not show any suppression. This suppressive activity in group 4 was effective only during the MLC between BN and LEW, not during the MLC of third party-BN combinations. Thus, suppressor cells from DST/DSG-treated BN recipients appear to be donor-specific. In the microcytotoxicity assay, the only group that showed any ADLA was group 2, which was not treated with DSG. These results clearly show that both induction of donor-specific suppressor cells and inhibition of ADLA production are associated with the remarkable donor-specific prolongation of kidney allograft survival in DST/DSG-treated recipients.