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1.
次声作用对大鼠胃黏膜生长抑素和P物质水平的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
目的 观察不同频率和声压级水平(强度)的次声作用对大鼠胃黏膜生长抑素、P物质含量的影响,探讨次声对胃肠系统的作用机制。方法 将140只大鼠随机分成4组,即对照组、8Hz-90dB组、8Hz-130dB组及16Hz-130dB组,每组各35只。各实验组大鼠按分组时规定分别暴露于不同频率和强度的次声舱内(2h/d),对照组大鼠则于相同时间内置于次声舱内(2h/d),期间无次声干预。每组于次声作用1,7,14,21及28d时各随机取出7只进行组织学准备,采用放射免疫法测定胃黏膜生长抑素(ss)、P物质(sP)含量。结果①8Hz-90dB次声作用14d和21d后,胃黏膜SS含量较对照组显著升高(P〈0.05);作用1d、7d及28d时与对照组比较,差异则无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。8Hz—130dB次声作用7d、14d、21d及28d后胃黏膜SS含量均明显高于对照组(P〈0.01),其中以第14天时最为显著;作用1d时与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。16Hz—130dB次声作用1d、7d及14d后胃黏膜SS含量较对照组明显升高(P〈0.05或0.01),其中以第7天时最为显著;作用2ld及28d时与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。8Hz-130dB次声作用7d、14d及21d后胃黏膜SS含量明显高于8Hz-90dB组(P〈0.05或0.01),作用14d、21d及28d后显著高于16Hz-130dB组(P〈0.05或0.01)。②8Hz,90dB和16Hz,130dB次声作用1d、7d、14d、21d及28d后胃黏膜SP含量与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。8Hz-130dB次声作用14d和21d后胃黏膜SP含量明显高于对照组(P〈0.05);作用1d,7d及28d后与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。8Hz,130dB次声作用1d、7d、14d、21d及28d后胃黏膜SP含量与8Hz,90dB和16Hz,130dB组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。结论 ①次声作用可诱发实验大鼠胃黏膜SS、SP含量升高,其升高的幅度与次声作用的频率、强度及时间有关。②大鼠经次声作用多次后可产生一定的适应性。  相似文献   

2.
目的 探讨不同频率和声压级水平的次声对大鼠胃窦粘膜形态学的影响。方法 共选取210只雄性SD大鼠,将其中140只随机分为对照A组、8Hz-90dB组、8Hz-130dB组及16Hz-130dB组,每组35只。各次声组大鼠按设计要求分别暴露于不同频率和强度的次声舱内,每天2h;对照A组大鼠则置于次声舱内,每天2h,期间无次声作用。每组于次声作用第1,7,14,21及28天时各随机取出7只大鼠,采用HE染色及电子显微镜观察其胃窦粘膜病理改变情况。另外70只大鼠则随机分为暴露组及对照B组,每组各35只。将暴露组大鼠置于次声舱内,次声参数为8Hz、130dB,每天作用2h,持续14d后停止;对照B组大鼠亦每日置于次声舱中2h,期间无次声作用。2组大鼠分别于次声作用结束后第1,7,14,21及28天时各随机取出7只大鼠进行上述指标检测。结果 ①8Hz、90dB次声作用1d后,大鼠胃窦粘膜损伤积分与对照A组间差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05);作用7,14,21及28d后则明显高于对照A组(P〈0.01)。8Hz、130dB及16Hz、130dB次声作用1,7,14,21及28d后,大鼠胃窦粘膜损伤积分均明显高于对照A组(P〈0.01)。②8Hz、130dB次声作用1,7,14,21及28d时,其胃窦粘膜损伤积分均明显高于8Hz-90dB组(P〈0.01);作用14,21及28d时,则明显高于16Hz-130dB组(P〈0.01)。③8Hz、130dB次声连续作用14d后,发现大鼠胃窦粘膜损伤积分随后逐渐下降,但在次声作用停止后1,7,14,21及28d时仍显著高于对照B组(P〈0.05~0.01)。④8Hz及16Hz次声可引起大鼠胃窦粘膜细胞线粒体和内质网等超微结构发生异常改变。结论 8Hz、90dB或8Hz、130dB或16Hz、130dB次声作用均可引起大鼠胃窦粘膜损伤,其严重程度与次声频率、强度及作用时间等密切相关;大鼠经次声多次作用后可产生一定的适应性,当次声作用停止后,其胃窦粘膜损伤有自我恢复趋势。  相似文献   

3.
不同频率、强度次声作用对大鼠胃排空功能的影响   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
目的探讨不同频率、强度次声对SD大鼠胃排空功能的影响。方法共有210只雄性SD大鼠,将其中140只随机分成4组,分别为对照A组、8Hz-90dB组、8Hz-130dB组及16Hz-130dB组。各实验组大鼠每日于固定时间点置于次声舱内,给予不同频率、强度的次声作用,每天2h,对照A组动物也景于次声舱内,每天2h,期间不给予次声作用。每组分别于实验进行后第1,7,14,21及28天时各随机取出7只进行胃排空功能检测。另外剩下的70只大鼠则随机分为2组,分别为暴露组及对照B组;将暴露组大鼠置于次声舱内,给予8Hz、130dB的次声作用,每天2h,连续暴露14d后停止,分别于次声作用结束后第1,7,14,21及28天时各随机取出7只大鼠进行胃排空功能检测;对照B组大鼠则每天置于次声舱内2h,期间不给予次声作用。各组大鼠胃排空检测均在最后一次次声作用结束后1h内进行。检测时。大鼠胃内灌注3ml由^99mTc标记的温盐水,于20min后处死,采用发射型计算机断层扫描系统连续测量胃肠道残留的γ-射线量并计算出胃排空率。结果①火鼠经8Hz、90dB次声作用7d和14d后,其胃排空率明显低于对照A组(P〈0.05)。大鼠经8Hz、130dB次声作用1d后,其胃排空率与对照A组及8Hz-90dB组比较,差异均无统计学意义;但大鼠经该次声作用7,14,21及28d后,其胃排空率则明显低于对照A组及8Hz.90dB组(P〈0.05)。②大鼠经16Hz、130dB次声作用1,7,14d后,其胃排空率较对照A组明显降低;大鼠经该次声作用14d和21d后,发现其胃排空率明显高于8Hz-130dB组(P〈0.01)。③大鼠经8Hz、130dB次声作用2周后进行为期4周的后续效应观察,发现在第1,7,14.21及28天时,大鼠胃排空率逐渐恢复,但仍明显低于对照B组(P〈0.05)。结论8Hz、90dB或130dB以及16Hz、130dB次声作用均可引发大鼠胃排空功能障碍,其严重程度与次声频率、强度及作用时间相关;当停止次声作用后,大鼠胃排空功能有自我恢复的趋势。  相似文献   

4.
目的:观察次声暴露后雄性大鼠性行为的变化,检测血清睾酮和睾丸组织SF-1.StAR及P450see mRNA的表达。 方法:实验于2005—12在西京医院实验外科次声实验室完成。①选取清洁级SD成年雄性、雌性大鼠各72只,将雄性大鼠随机分为次声干预组(64只)和空白对照组(8只)。次声干预组大鼠又按干预时间和强度分为8个亚组:次声干预1,7,14,21d给予8Hz、130dB次声组;次声干预1,7,14,21d给予8Hz、90dB次声组;8只/组。各组大鼠根据上述分组分别给予次声作用1,7,14,21d,1次/d,2h/次。空白对照组不予次声作用。②在进行交配实验前,对72只雌鼠进行激素预处理。分别于次声作用各时间点结束后30min内,将每只雄性大鼠分别放入笼中5min,令其适应环境。然后每笼投放1只预处理的雌鼠,记录40min内雄鼠爬背潜伏期、爬背次数、射精潜伏期、射精次数。(参次声干预1,7,14.21d各时间点,上述指标观察结束后,检测血清睾酮浓度和类固醇合成因子1、类固醇激素合成急性调节蛋白、细胞色素P450胆固醇侧链裂解酶mRNA的表达水平。 结果:实验选取清洁级SD成年雄、雌鼠各72只,全部进入结果分析。①次声暴露对雄性大鼠性行为的影响:与空白对照组比较,强度为8Hz、130dB次声作用的大鼠,扑捉潜伏期和射精潜伏期明显增加(P〈0.05),扑捉次数和射精次数显著减少(P〈0.05),且随着作用时间增加,大鼠性行为减退加重;而强度为8Hz、90dB次声作用的大鼠,作用1d和7d时扑捉潜伏期和射精潜伏期增加(P〈0.05),扑捉次数和射精次数减少(P〈0.05);作用14d和21d时上述指标差异无显著性意义(P〉0.1)。②次声暴露对雄性大鼠血清睾酮水平的影响:强度为8Hz、130dB次声作用的大鼠血清睾酮水平显著低于空白对照组(P〈0.01),且随着时间的延长而下降。强度为8Hz、90dB次声作用的大鼠血清睾酮水平随着时间的增加呈现先降低(1d和7d)而后又略有回升(14d和21d)。③次声暴露对大鼠睾丸类固醇合成因子1、类固醇激素合成急性调节蛋白、细胞色素P450胆固醇侧链裂解酶mRNA表达水平的影响:与空白对照组比较,强度为8Hz、130dB次声作用的大鼠各指标表达水平随着暴露时间的延长而下降(P〈0.05);强度为8Hz、90dB次声作用的大鼠类固醇激素合成急性调节蛋白、细胞色素P450胆固醇侧链裂解酶mRNA表达水平于1,7d降低(P〈0,05),而14,21d略有回升(P〉0.05),各时间点类固醇合成因子1mRNA表达水平虽有波动,但差异无显著性意义。 结论:随着8Hz、130dB次声作用时间的增加,大鼠性行为减退逐渐加重.具有时间累积效应特点;随着8Hz、90dB次声作用时间的增加,大鼠性行为先出现减退,随后出现一定程度的适应;睾丸组织类固醇合成因子1、类固醇激素合成急性调节蛋白、细胞色素P450胆固醇侧链裂解酶mRNA的表达和睾酮合成的变化与大鼠性行为改变平行。  相似文献   

5.
目的:研究不同强度及频率的次声作用对大鼠小肠粘膜酪酪肽(peptide YY,PYY)水平的影响。方法:140只雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组,8Hz-90dB组(8Hz1组),8Hz-130dB组(8Hz2组)及16Hz-130dB组(16Hz组)各35只,后3组大鼠按设计要求分别暴露于不同频率和强度的次声舱中,每天2h;对照组亦置于次声舱中2h,但不予次声作用。次声作用后第1、7、14、21及28天时各组随机取出7只,应用放射免疫方法测定小肠粘膜中PYY的含量。结果:次声作用第1天PYY水平各组间比较差异无显著性意义;第7天后与对照组比较其余3组则明显升高(P〈0.05);第14天与第7天比较升高更明显(P〈0.05);第21、28天时PYY水平有所下降。次声作用频率和强度增加,PYY水平升高越明显。结论:8Hz-90dB或8Hz130dB或16Hz-130dB次声作用均可引起大鼠小肠粘膜PYY水平升高,其影响程度与次声作用的强度、频率及作用时间有关,而经次声多次作用后大鼠可产生一定的适应性。  相似文献   

6.
目的观察次声对大鼠心肌的影响并探讨其相关机制。方法用8Hz/130dB的次声分别作用大鼠1,7,14,21和28d,每日2h,观察大鼠心肌细胞超微结构的变化和心肌的凋亡情况以及次声引起的心肌氧化损伤。结果与对照组比较,次声暴露组大鼠心肌超微结构出现损伤;心肌细胞凋亡增加(P〈0.01);心肌组织MDA含量增加(P〈0.01),SOD含量降低(P〈0.01),心肌出现氧化损伤。这些损伤性变化随时间的延长而逐渐加重。结论次声可引起大鼠心肌损伤,损伤程度与次声暴露时间有关。  相似文献   

7.
目的观察小鼠经8Hz/16Hz,130dB次声作用后脑超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)及丙二醛(MDA)的变化,并同时观察姜黄素的脑保护作用。方法选取72只BALB/C小鼠,将其随机分为空白对照组、单纯次声组及姜黄素+次声组(包括高、中、低剂量亚组)。姜黄素+次声组小鼠每日给予不同剂量的姜黄素干预,7d后停止给药;随后将各组小鼠置于8Hz或16Hz,130dB的次声环境中,每天持续2h,7d后处死小鼠,测定其脑组织中SOD、GSH-Px及MDA的变化情况,并进行组间结果对比。结果8Hz次声实验部分:与空白对照组比较,单纯次声组小鼠脑组织SOD及GSH-Px活性下降,MDA含量上升(P〈0.05),次声+姜黄素中、高剂量组与单纯次声组比较,前者脑组织中GSH-Px及SOD活性上升,MDA含量下降(P〈0.05)。16Hz次声实验部分:与空白对照组比较,单纯次声组小鼠脑组织GSH-Px活性及MDA含量上升(P〈0.05),次声+姜黄素中、高剂量组与单纯次声组比较,前者脑组织中GSH-Px活性及MDA含量均显著下降(P〈0.05)。结论8Hz/16Hz,130dB次声可导致小鼠脑组织GSH-Px、SOD活性变化及脑组织过氧化损伤,不同频率次声对脑组织抗氧化酶的影响作用不同,姜黄素可通过抗氧化作用缓解因次声诱发的脑损伤。  相似文献   

8.
目的探讨加味补阳还五汤对16Hz、130dB次声暴露下小鼠学习记忆能力、脑组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。方法将50只BALB/c小鼠分为正常对照组、次声对照组及次声药物组(叉根据用药剂量不同细分为高、中、低剂量3个亚组),分别将次声埘照组及次声药物组暴露于次声环境中,次声药物组于次声作用结束后给予加味补阳还五汤治疗,正常对照组也置于次声舱内,但期间不给予次声作用。上述各组小鼠绎14d相应处理后测试其记忆功能、SOD、GSH-Px活性及MDA含量变化情况。结果与正常对照组比较,次声埘照组记忆功能明显下降(P〈0.05),SOD活性有升高趋势(但P〉0.05),GSH-PX活性以及MDA含量均显著升高(P〈0.05);次声药物组与次声对照组比较,其学习记忆功能有显著性提高(P〈0.05),SOD以及GSH-Px活性有显著增加(P〈0.05).MDA含量显著降低(P〈0.05)。结论16Hz、130dB次声可引发小鼠脑皮质的脂质过氧化,使其记忆功能受损;加味补阳还血汤通过提高小鼠体内GSH-PX和SOD活性来清除体内过剩的自由基,使MDA含革降低,从而减轻次声对机体的不良作用。  相似文献   

9.
次声作用后大鼠海马星形胶质细胞的变化   总被引:10,自引:5,他引:10  
袁华  龙华 《中国临床康复》2002,6(23):3500-3501
目的 研究8Hz,90dB和130dB次声作用后不同时间点,大鼠海马中胶质原纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)表达的变化。方法 Hz,90dB和130dB次声作用于大鼠,2h/d,分别作用于1,7,14,21,28d后采用免疫组织化学方法,观察大鼠海马星形胶质细胞GFAP表达的时程改变。结果 130dB组从作用1d开始大鼠海马中GFAP阳性星形胶质细胞数量开始增加,14d达到高潮,21d开始下降,但仍然维持较高水平90dB组大鼠各时间点GFAP反应均比130dB组弱。结论 8Hz,90dB和130dB次声作用可以激活海马大量星形胶质细胞,对神经元具有保护作用。  相似文献   

10.
目的:观察8Hz,130dB次声作用于大鼠不同时间后,大脑皮层脂质过氧化相关指标的变化,以探讨次声引起脑损伤的机理。方法:将35只Ⅱ级、雄性、SD大鼠随机分为对照组和次声作用7d,14d,21d,28d组五组,用8Hz,130dB次声作用,每天1次,每次2h,各组于最后一次作用结束后0.5-1h内取大脑皮层,制成10%的组织匀浆测定GSH-Px活性,MDA含量和SOD活性的变化。结果:与对照组相比,大鼠大脑皮层GSH-Px活性在7d组无显著性变化(P>0.05),在14d组、21d组、28d组和显著性升高(P<0.05);MDA含量在7d组、14d组有显著怀升高(P<0.05),21d组、28d组恢复至对照组水平(P>0.05);SOD活性有下降的趋势,但无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论:次声作用后,引发大鼠大脑皮层组织的脂质过氧化-抗氧化反应,造成脑组织的损伤。  相似文献   

11.
目的观察早期气导听觉剥夺大鼠螺旋神经节神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)的表达。方法 60只新生SD大鼠随机分为听觉剥夺组(AD组,n=30)和正常对照组(n=30),AD组于出生后早期行外耳道隔离,饲养于密闭隔音室,对照组正常食水、正常声音环境饲养。42d后两组动物分别进行ABR检测,随后处死做耳蜗切片行螺旋神经节NSE染色神经元计数。结果 AD组听觉诱发电位(ABR)反应阈值为(38.18±5.54)dB SPL,对照组为(26.67±3.89)dB SPL,P〈0.01。NSE免疫组化染色神经元着色浅淡,神经纤维着色基本正常,神经元计数明显减少。AD组大鼠神经元计数为(7.883±0.987)个/HP,对照组为(10.643±1.104)个/HP,P〈0.05。结论早期气导听觉剥夺可造成大鼠螺旋神经节Ⅰ型神经元NSE表达下降,神经元数量减少,表明听觉传入在螺旋神经节发育过程中起着重要的作用。  相似文献   

12.
BackgroundThe key symptoms of auditory neglect include left extinction on tasks of dichotic and/or diotic listening and rightward shift in locating sounds. The anatomical correlates of the latter are relatively well understood, but no systematic studies have examined auditory extinction. Here, we performed a systematic study of anatomo-clinical correlates of extinction by using dichotic and/or diotic listening tasks.MethodsIn total, 20 patients with right hemispheric damage (RHD) and 19 with left hemispheric damage (LHD) performed dichotic and diotic listening tasks. Either task consists of the simultaneous presentation of word pairs; in the dichotic task, 1 word is presented to each ear, and in the diotic task, each word is lateralized by means of interaural time differences and presented to one side.Results and conclusionRHD was associated with exclusively contralesional extinction in dichotic or diotic listening, whereas in selected cases, LHD led to contra- or ipsilesional extinction. Bilateral symmetrical extinction occurred in RHD or LHD, with dichotic or diotic listening. The anatomical correlates of these extinction profiles offer an insight into the organisation of the auditory and attentional systems. First, left extinction in dichotic versus diotic listening involves different parts of the right hemisphere, which explains the double dissociation between these 2 neglect symptoms. Second, contralesional extinction in the dichotic task relies on homologous regions in either hemisphere. Third, ipsilesional extinction in dichotic listening after LHD was associated with lesions of the intrahemispheric white matter, interrupting callosal fibres outside their midsagittal or periventricular trajectory. Fourth, bilateral symmetrical extinction was associated with large parieto-fronto-temporal LHD or smaller parieto-temporal RHD, which suggests that divided attention, supported by the right hemisphere, and auditory streaming, supported by the left, likely play a critical role.  相似文献   

13.
In the functional imaging of auditory cortical functions, long silent periods between the data acquisitions prevent interferences between scanner noise and the auditory stimulus processing. Recent fMRI studies have shown that sparse temporal acquisition designs are advantageous over continuous scanning protocols on physiological, perceptual, and cognitive levels. Sparse temporal acquisition schemes (STA) which use a single volume acquisition after each trial imply the advantage of auditory stimulation devoid of ambient scanner noise but have the drawback of a reduced statistical power. To alleviate this effect, STA schemes have been extended to clustered-sparse temporal acquisition (CTA) designs which record several subsequent BOLD contrast images in rapid succession. In the present study, we collected data from 13 healthy volunteers performing a speech and a tonal discrimination task using both a CTA and STA scheme to carry out a systematic evaluation of these acquisition protocols. By statistical modeling of the fMRI data sets, we revealed stronger effect sizes for the STA protocol regardless of the task, reflecting the better signal-to-noise-ratio of MR images acquired with this scheme. In contrast, we demonstrate higher statistical power for the use of a CTA protocol. Accordingly, in the context of standard fMRI analysis, the CTA protocol clearly outperformed the STA scheme at the level of single-subject analysis and fixed-effects group analysis. Our results clearly suggest that it is advantageous to acquire several sample points per trial if one wants to use the benefit of "silent" fMRI. Furthermore, our data demonstrate the feasibility of the clustered acquisition of subsequent imaging volumes along the T1-decay.  相似文献   

14.
听觉刺激对全身麻醉患者复苏质量影响的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的探讨听觉刺激对全身麻醉患者复苏质量的影响。方法选择2009年2月~2010年4月择期行腹部手术的全身麻醉患者110例,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组各55例。实验组采用由音乐和语音产生的听觉刺激,对全身麻醉复苏期患者进行干预。对照组采用常规的基础护理和术前心理疏导。患者进入PACU后,应用Aldrete评分标准,每隔30 min对患者评估1次,直至Aldrete评分达到9分。结果两组患者进入PACU即刻的Aldrete评分分别为(6.1±0.4)和(5.9±0.3),组间差异有统计学意义(t=1.854,P=0.035)。入PACU 30 min、60min、90 min各时间点,听觉刺激组全身麻醉后Aldrete评分高于同期对照组,分别达到(7.8±0.7)、(8.7±0.9)和(9.3±1.0),组间差异有统计学意义(t=2.649、2.060、2.596,P=0.005、0.022、0.006)。听觉刺激组患者在PACU的停留时间为(101.2±13.4)min,短于对照组的(112.1±14.7)min,组间差异有统计学意义(t=3.016,P=0.002)。结论听觉刺激可缩短全麻患者在PACU的停留时间,提高全身麻醉患者的复苏质量。  相似文献   

15.
目的 检测D-半乳糖衰老大鼠听性脑干核团谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD)免疫反应的变化,研究其与老年 性聋发病的关系。方法 采用免疫组织化学SP法,对成年的老年大鼠听性脑干核团进行染色,并利用计算机图像 分析系统对GAD65和GAD67免疫反应产物进行灰度分析。结果 老年大鼠听性脑干核团GAD65和GAD67的 平均灰度值比对照组大(P<0.01),即GAD65和GAD67免疫反应产物少。结论 听性脑干核团GAD65和 GAD67含量的降低可能与老年性聋的发病有关。  相似文献   

16.
为探讨精神分裂症经氯氮平治疗后存在的持久性、复发性幻听,再联用舒必利的效应,对48例在初期单用氯氮平治疗,但残存幻听,遂再联用舒必利,分别为时6~8周。结果:35例幻听消失(72.9%),其余诸例在程度上也有所减轻。提示:两药联用对缓解精神分裂症的幻听有显著效应,宜作进一步研究。  相似文献   

17.
运用空间方位词、时间词对45例正常成人、31例右半球脑血管意外病人、20例左半球脑血管意外无失语病人和20例左半球脑血管意外失语病人进行了听理解测验。结果表明,失语组、右半球病变组的空间方位词句测验成绩与对照组有差异,而且失语组与右半球病变组的成绩也有差异。失语组时间词句的听理解成绩与其它三组的成绩有差异。结果表明失语组的是否句与语段成绩无差异;可逆被句、方位词句、时间词句的成绩无差异。但是否句、语段与可逆被动句、方位词句、时间词句的成绩有差异。认为失语组听理解是否句、语段较理解可逆被动句、方位词句、时间词句容易。失语组倾向于按事件发生的时间顺序理解时间词句。  相似文献   

18.
The superior temporal sulcus (STS) is specifically involved in processing the human voice. Profound acquired deafness by post-meningitis ossified cochlea and by bilateral vestibular schwannoma in neurofibromatosis type 2 patients are two indications for auditory brainstem implantation (ABI). In order to objectively measure the cortical voice processing of a group of ABI patients, we studied the activation of the human temporal voice areas (TVA) by PET H215O, performed in a group of implanted deaf adults (n = 7) with more than two years of auditory brainstem implant experience, with an intelligibility score average of 17% ± 17 [mean ± SD]. Relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured in the three following conditions: during silence, while passive listening to human voice, and to non-voice stimuli. Compared to silence, the activations induced by voice and non-voice stimuli were bilaterally located in the superior temporal regions. However, compared to non-voice stimuli, the voice stimuli did not induce specific supplementary activation of the TVA along the STS. The comparison of ABI group with a normal-hearing controls group (n = 7) showed that TVA activations were significantly enhanced among controls group. ABI allowed the transmission of sound stimuli to temporal brain regions but lacked transmitting the specific cues of the human voice to the TVA. Moreover, among groups, during silent condition, brain visual regions showed higher rCBF in ABI group, although temporal brain regions had higher rCBF in the controls group. ABI patients had consequently developed enhanced visual strategies to keep interacting with their environment.  相似文献   

19.
The short-term retention of information has been related to oscillatory activity in the gamma-band. In recent auditory spatial short-term memory studies we have found stimulus-specific components of parieto-occipital gamma-band activity (GBA) which might reflect the activation of local networks tuned to task-relevant stimulus features. The present magnetoencephalography study (N = 22) tested this interpretation by assessing whether the topography of stimulus-specific GBA depends on task demands. Sample sounds were characterized by both a variable interaural time delay and a variable central frequency. In separate task blocks, either the lateralization or the frequency of the same stimuli had to be maintained. Statistical probability mapping of differences in oscillatory responses to the retention of sample sounds replicated the contralateral posterior topography for GBA components distinguishing between medial and lateral sounds in the spatial memory task. In contrast, lower- and higher-frequency stimuli were accompanied by frontal GBA components in the frequency task. Memory for lateralization versus frequency selectively enhanced oscillatory activity for these posterior versus frontal components, directly demonstrating their modulation by task demands. Incorrect “non-match” responses were negatively correlated with delay-phase GBA to the relevant feature, whereas incorrect “match” responses correlated positively with GBA to the irrelevant feature. In summary, the topography of stimulus-specific GBA to identical stimuli reflected the selective representation of task-relevant features. Task performance was predicted by both enhanced stimulus-specific GBA for the task-relevant stimulus attribute and reduced gamma-band representations of the task-irrelevant stimulus feature. Stimulus-specific GBA may reflect the memory representation that is used in subsequent recognition.  相似文献   

20.
Abstract

Purpose: Listening in noise is an everyday activity and poses a challenge for many people. To improve the ability to understand speech in noise, a computerized auditory rehabilitation game was developed. In Trivia Game players are challenged to answer trivia questions spoken aloud. As players progress through the game, the level of background noise increases. A study using Trivia Game was conducted as a proof-of-concept investigation in healthy participants.

Method: College students with normal hearing were randomly assigned to a control (n = 13) or a treatment (n = 14) group. Treatment participants played Trivia Game 12 times over a 4-week period. All participants completed objective (auditory-only and audiovisual formats) and subjective listening in noise measures at baseline and 4 weeks later.

Result: There were no statistical differences between the groups at baseline. At post-test, the treatment group significantly improved their overall speech understanding in noise in the audiovisual condition and reported significant benefits in their functional listening abilities.

Conclusion: Playing Trivia Game improved speech understanding in noise in healthy listeners. Significant findings for the audiovisual condition suggest that participants improved face-reading abilities. Trivia Game may be a platform for investigating changes in speech understanding in individuals with sensory, linguistic and cognitive impairments.  相似文献   

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