卵巢癌与非编码RNA研究进展

卵巢癌是全球女性因癌症死亡的第5大病因,尽早明确诊断并积极治疗是改善预后的有效方法。随着测序技术的不断发展,人们发现了大量的种类丰富的非编码RNA。ncRNAs在细菌、真菌和哺乳动物等多种生物体的活动中可作为致癌驱动因子和肿瘤抑制因子,对肿瘤的发生、发展起到调控作用,ncRNA有望成为肿瘤诊治的新型生物标志物和治疗靶点。探索ncRNA可为卵巢癌的研究提供一些系统性新思路。现将卵巢癌相关ncRNA最新研究进展进行综述,并着重讨论微小RNA（miRNA）、长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）及环状RNA（circRNA）在卵巢癌中的作用。     

非编码RNA与肿瘤关系的研究进展

非编码RNA是指除mRNA、tRNA和rRNA以外,不编码蛋白质的RNA分子.它们在细菌、真菌和哺乳动物等许多生物体的重要生命活动中发挥着极广泛的调控作用.近年来研究表明,非编码RNA既可作为癌基因,也可作为抑癌基因,对肿瘤的发生、发展产生重大的影响.同时,非编码RNA又有希望成为肿瘤诊断的标志物和肿瘤治疗的新靶点.作者综述了小干扰RNA和微小RNA等主要非编码RNA与肿瘤关系的最新研究进展.     

环状RNA参与卵巢癌铂耐药相关机制的研究进展

卵巢癌因早期诊断困难、确诊时多为晚期以及高复发率,成为致死率最高的妇科肿瘤。卵巢癌不良预后的重要原因是对铂类抗肿瘤化疗药物的耐药。环状RNA(circRNA)因其特殊的结构在细胞中较mRNA更稳定,参与调控多种肿瘤的发生、发展及化疗耐药。circRNA可作为miRNA的竞争性内源性RNA(ceRNA）与蛋白结合,可通过调控巨噬细胞表型极化,和作为外泌体circRNA参与调控卵巢癌铂耐药的敏感性。circRNA有望成为新的铂耐药标志物及耐药治疗新靶点。为了进一步探讨circRNA与卵巢癌铂耐药的关系,本文对近年来有关circRNA与卵巢癌铂耐药相关研究的文献进行总结。     

环状RNA在白血病发生与发展中的研究进展

环状RNA(circRNA)是一种独特的内源性非编码RNA。大多数circRNA在生物体内是保守的并且经常显示在组织发育阶段特异性的表达。环状RNA在肿瘤的发生和发展调控中起到关键性的作用。因此,circRNA作为研究消化系统、妇科等肿瘤疾病的热点之一,发现其可以作为新的肿瘤标志物以及可能成为临床治疗的新靶点。     

长链非编码RNA OIP5-AS1在肿瘤中的研究进展

长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)与肿瘤的发生发展密切相关.LncRNA反义Opa反应蛋白5RNA(Opa interacting protein 5-antisense RNA 1,OIP5-AS1)在多种肿瘤中不仅异常表达,还发挥癌基因的作用,是潜在的肿瘤治疗靶点,并有望成为肿...     

非编码RNA在肝癌中的作用

近年来,国内外掀起RNA研究的热潮,焦点即为非编码RNA的生物作用机制。众多研究提示,非编码RNA （ non?coding RNA, ncRNA）在体内组成了复杂的分子网络,与蛋白质调控网络相对应,协同参与着肿瘤的发生发展、侵袭、转移和预后治疗。肝癌是最常见的恶性肿瘤疾病之一,在我国发病率极高,目前仍缺乏有效的治疗方式,严重威胁着人类健康。众多ncRNA在肝癌中表达失调,这些ncRNA作为肝癌基因治疗的潜在靶点,可推动肝癌基因靶向治疗的发展,研究意义重大。     

miRNA在宫颈癌早期诊断及预后中的研究进展

微小RNA(miRNA)在宫颈癌的发生、侵袭、转移和复发等过程中扮演重要角色,与其预后密切相关.宫颈癌患者血清中异常表达的miRNA可作为其无创诊断和预后判断的生物标志物,通过研究血清miRNA可以早期诊断宫颈癌,减少肿瘤的转移和复发,寻找治疗靶点,为宫颈癌的诊疗提供突破点.     

长链非编码RNA通过ceRNA在乳腺癌中的调控机制

长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)是一种长度大于200 nt的不具有编码蛋白质功能的RNA。lncRNA在多种肿瘤中存在差异性表达,通过转录调控、转录后调控等方式影响肿瘤的增殖、侵袭、转移、耐药等。多项研究表明,lncRNA可通过竞争性内源性RNA(competing endogenous RNA,ceRNA)机制与miRNA相互作用,并影响其它RNA、蛋白的表达,影响疾病进程;提示lncRNA可能是一种肿瘤标志物和潜在的治疗靶点。该文现就lncRNA通过ceRNA调控乳腺癌的研究进展进行综述。     

长链非编码RNA CCAT2在肿瘤中的研究进展

长链非编码RNA(LncRNA)是继微小RNA(miRNA)之后非编码RNA(ncRNA)研究的热点.LncRNA在基因组中普遍转录,由于其在转录调控、转录后调控和表观遗传调控中的不同功能,使其正在成为肿瘤发生研究的新热点.结肠癌-相关转录本2(CCAT2)作为一种长链非编码RNA首先在大肠癌中被发现并命名,后被证实在其他多种肿瘤如乳腺癌、卵巢癌、胃癌、非小细胞肺癌、子宫颈癌、食管鳞状细胞癌的发生发展中存在异常表达,说明C C A T 2可以作为肿瘤标记物广泛应用.     

长链非编码RNA在卵巢癌中的研究进展

长链非编码RNA (lncRNA)是指长度超过200个核苷酸、具有调控基因表达作用的非编码RNA,近年来,因其具有复杂的生物学功能而引起了研究者的广泛关注.目前研究证实,lncRNA与多种肿瘤的发生发展有着密切的关系,可能参与促进或抑制肿瘤的生长和与肿瘤的转移有关.在卵巢癌中,某些lncRNA也被证实可能参与其致病过程.     

Secular change in menarche in women in Madrid

The age at menarche was estimated by recollection in 1617 women between the ages of 18 and 60 in Madrid and a nearby suburb, Pinto. The population of Pinto is working-class and the Madrid group, taken from residential neighbourhoods , belongs to the upper middle class. In both groups we found a diminution in average age at menarche, from 14.04 to 13.02 years in Madrid and from 14.55 to 13.16 years from about 1935 to about 1965 in Pinto. These changes have been more intense in the group which is less well-off economically, where living conditions have varied much more drastically.     

Changes in the hypothalamic nuclei in in experimental allergy

Summary In rabbits subjected to prolonged sensitization and in which the Arthus phenomenon was induced there was a marked reaction of the hypothalamic nuclei. Staining by Gomori's method indicated a cellular swelling, loss of granules, and protoplasmic vacuolization in the supraoptic nucleus. There was a considerable increase in the size of the cross-sectional area of the cells. The same effects were much less well shown in the paraventricular nucleus. These results show that marked signs of increased neurosecretion developed in the animals at the height of the Arthus phenomenon.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten Éksperimental'noi biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 110–113, April, 1963.     

Experience in adult population in dengue outbreak in Delhi

A dengue outbreak has recently hit the Indian capital. We studied the clinical profile of adult patients. Five hundred and sixty patients of dengue infection were admitted in a specially created ward according to the criteria laid down by WHO. Haematemesis (28.28%), epistaxis (26.78%) and malena (14.28%) were some of the common presentations. Similarly lymphadenopathy, especially cervical (30.89%), palatal rashes (26.96%) and hepatomegaly (23.75%) were the most commonly encountered findings on physical examination. Most of the cases were of dengue fever with haemorrhage and only 2.5% cases were classified under dengue haemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. The average hospital stay was 3.4 days but only 9.8 hours in the eleven patients who died, suggesting their late arrival in preterminal situation giving little time for resuscitation. Thrombocytopenia was not a feature and only 12.85% patients had platelet count less than 70,000/cmm. Most of the patients who were admitted with thrombocytopenia, showed normalization in their platelet counts in next few days. Serological examination demonstrated evidence of recent dengue infection in 41.17% patients. Few patients required blood or platelet concentrate transfusion. Eleven patients died, three due to DIC, one of intracranial haemorrhage and seven due to massive gastric haemorrhage. Rest of the patients recovered completely. Thus we can conclude that recent outbreak in Delhi was of dengue fever with haemorrhage and mortality was very low in patients who came early to the hospital.     

Intestinal helminthiasis in school children in Haiti in 2002

A survey on intestinal helminths in school children was conducted in Haiti in 2002. This first nationwide study involving the entire country was stratified by department according to urban and rural zones using the cluster method. Focusing on elementary school children (n=5792; age range 3 to 20 years), it involved 26 urban and 49 rural schools randomly selected. Stools were preserved in formalin and examined by the Ritchie technique. Thirty-four per cent of stools (1981/5792) tested positive for intestinal helminths with the following parasites identified: Ascaris lumbricoides (27.3%), Trichuris trichiura (7.3%), Necator americanus (3.8%), Hymenolepsis nana (2%), Taenia sp. (0.3%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (0.2%). The helminth prevalence was higher in rural (38.4%) compared to urban areas (30%). There was no significant difference in prevalence by sex and age. The importance of geohelminths changed from one department to another with the highest prevalence found in the Southern department of Grande Anse (73.7%) and the lowest prevalence in the Center department (20.6%). Five out of the country's nine departments had a similar prevalence varying from 25.5% to 28.2%. Intestinal helminthic polyparasitism was observed in a percentage of infested school children comprise between 3.4% and 28.6% according in relation to the geographical area. A program to fight against geohelminths in school children should be initiated as a public health priority. Albendazole is the drug of choice. Frequency of drug distribution should be based on the prevalence of geohelminths in each department.