中小学教师压力知觉和抑郁、焦虑的关系:应对方式的中介作用

目的:探讨中小学教师压力知觉,抑郁、焦虑和应对方式之间的关系.方法:采用压力知觉量表(CPSS),简易应对方式量表(SCSQ),抑郁症筛查量表(PHQ-9)和广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)对3312名教师进行调查.结果:压力知觉与中小学教师抑郁、焦虑呈显著正相关(r=0.57,0.59;P＜0.01),压力知觉对抑郁,焦虑情绪的直接效应分别为0.239(95％CI:0.221,0.258),0.226(95％CI:0.209,0.242),应对方式在压力知觉和抑郁间的部分中介效应值为0.031(95％CI:0.021,0.039),在压力知觉和焦虑间的部分中介效应值为0.019(95％CI:0.012,0.027),中介效应分别占总效应的11.5％和7.8％.结论:压力知觉不仅直接影响中小学教师抑郁、焦虑,而且还会通过应对方式对中小学教师抑郁、焦虑产生间接作用.     

心理弹性与神经质中介压力知觉与抑郁症状的关系：基于路径分析

目的:探讨压力知觉对抑郁症状的作用,以及心理弹性与神经质如何影响压力知觉与抑郁症状之间的关系。方法:共有578名心理科就诊临床患者完成压力知觉量表、心理弹性量表、大五人格神经质分量表、流调中心用抑郁量表、状态焦虑量表。控制性别与个体焦虑水平,构建压力知觉、心理弹性、神经质、抑郁症状的结构方程模型。结果:路径分析结果显示,压力知觉可以直接影响抑郁,可以通过心理弹性或神经质间接影响抑郁(效应量分别为26.96%,57.10%),也可以通过神经质→心理弹性的链式中介路径间接影响抑郁(效应量为15.94%)。结论:心理弹性与神经质在压力知觉与抑郁症状的关系中起中介作用。     

知觉压力对老年人抑郁的影响：有调节的中介模型

目的:探讨知觉压力、安全感、孤独感对老年人抑郁的影响。方法:采用知觉压力量表、简版老年抑郁量表、孤独量表、安全感量表对1926名老年人进行调查。结果:①知觉压力、孤独感与抑郁显著正相关,安全感与抑郁显著负相关;②孤独感在知觉压力与老年人抑郁之间起部分中介作用;③安全感调节了知觉压力对老年人孤独感的影响;④安全感调节了知觉压力对老年人抑郁的影响。结论:知觉压力对老年人抑郁的影响是有调节的中介效应,知觉压力通过孤独感影响老年人的抑郁,安全感调节了知觉压力与抑郁、知觉压力与孤独感之间的关系。     

高三学生考前心理障碍及疏导对策

目的　了解高考考生考试前的焦虑抑郁情绪及健康教育对策。方法　对 842名来自重点中学、普通中学和职业中学的高考学生在高考前 1个月采用统一指导语 ,用 Zung氏编制的焦虑自评量表 (SAS)、抑郁自评量表 (SDA)和自编的学生心理调查表进行调查。结果　 842名高考学生中 ,考试前有 1 71人存在不同程度的焦虑 ,占 2 0 .3 1 % ;有 3 71人存在不同程度的抑郁 ,占 44.0 6%。同时 ,感到学习压力大占 72 .5 7% ;容易烦恼占 5 4.87% ;担心考不上大学占 5 0 .2 4%。结论　高考前对考生开展心理健康教育很有必要 ,应加强学校、家庭和社会的共同配合 ,采取多种形式解决学生存在的心理问题 ,以减轻考生的焦虑抑郁情绪 ,这有助于考生在考试中充分发挥自己的水平     

童年期创伤对高中生抑郁的影响:压力知觉的中介作用

目的:探讨高中生童年期创伤、压力知觉与抑郁之间的关系,为预防和识别高中生抑郁提供参考依据。方法:采用童年期创伤问卷、中文版压力知觉量表和流调中心用抑郁量表对安徽省滁州市2310名高中生进行调查。结果:(1)女生的压力知觉总分和抑郁总分显著高于男生,有留守经历学生的压力知觉总分和抑郁总分显著高于无留守经历的学生。(2)童年期创伤总分与压力知觉总分、抑郁总分均呈显著正相关。(3)中介作用检验结果表明,压力知觉在高中生童年期创伤与抑郁间中介作用显著,中介效应占总效应的比例为65.22%。结论:压力知觉在童年期创伤与抑郁间起部分中介作用,童年期创伤能直接或间接增加高中生患抑郁的风险。     

河南省六城市警察睡眠质量及相关因素

目的:了解警察群体睡眠情况,运用多元线性回归分析其相关因素。方法:选取河南省警察群体400例,使用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、职业倦怠感(MBI-ES)和自我复原力(ERS)为研究工具,调查该群体睡眠质量及其相关因素。结果:有效人数为375人;睡眠质量均分(6±3)分,睡眠障碍者为114人(30. 4%),睡眠障碍检出率在性别、警种、受教育程度及锻炼情况组间差异有统计学意义;年龄、警种、锻炼行为、去个性化、焦虑,自我复原力可以预测警察睡眠障碍,联合作用预测力为27%。结论:警察总体睡眠障碍检出率较高;外勤岗位、较高年龄、不锻炼者睡眠质量较差。     

广州地区综合医院门诊抑郁/焦虑障碍流行病学调查

目的:对广州地区综合医院门诊就诊病人进行抑郁、焦虑障碍的流行病学调查.方法:通过随机抽样从广州市卫生局抽取15家综合医院,对门诊就诊病人随机抽样调查;首先采用医院焦虑抑郁量表(HADS)作为筛查工具,然后对筛查阳性者进一步用贝克抑郁量表(BDI)及焦虑自评量表自评(SAS),同时由精神心理科医生用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD-17)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)对筛查为阳性的调查对象进行评定,最后由精神心理科医生作出明确诊断.结果:1842例研究对象中,筛查为阳性的人数为701人(占38.1%),其中240人(34.2%)愿意接受进一步的精神心理科检查;抑郁,焦虑筛查阳性率者平均年龄(41.0±17.8)比阴性者年龄(52.9±18.7)年轻(P<0.05);女性就诊者中,筛查为阳性人群的比例为66.3%(P<0.01).结论:广州地区综合医院门诊就诊病人较多存在抑郁,焦虑障碍情绪,同时,中青年患者和女性患者是抑郁,焦虑障碍情绪出现的高发人群.     

团体归因治疗对抑郁症、焦虑症、强迫症患者的症状及心理社会功能的效果

目的:探索团体归因治疗对抑郁症、焦虑症、强迫症患者的症状及心理社会功能作用效果。方法:对63名门诊抑郁症、焦虑症、强迫症患者进行8周的团体归因治疗,治疗前后进行汉密尔顿抑郁量表、汉密尔顿焦虑量表、抑郁自评量表、焦虑自评量表、YALE-BROWN强迫量表、归因方式问卷、Connor-Davidson韧性量表、自尊量表、主观幸福感指数量表、艾森克人格问卷简式量表的测评。结果:①所有被试治疗前后的症状、社会功能、归因方式、自尊差异均具有统计学意义。抑郁症组的幸福感、复原力、精神质、神经质、内外向,焦虑症组的无望感、复原力、神经质,强迫症组的无望感减分具有统计学意义。结论:团体归因治疗的作用效果包括:①归因方式的改善;②自尊、人格、复原力的提高;③症状的消除和社会功能的恢复;④无望感的消除和幸福感的提高。     

有留守经历大学生的自我关怀与焦虑和攻击性:抗逆力的中介作用

目的:本研究以具有留守经历的大学生为研究对象,考察抗逆力在自我关怀与焦虑和攻击性的纵向关系之间的中介作用.方法:研究采用自悯量表对408名有留守经历的大学生(43.9％男生;平均年龄19.5±1.16岁)进行测量,相隔6个月后采用心理弹性量表、焦虑自评量表、大学生攻击性量表对同一群体进行追踪测量.结果:①自我关怀与焦虑...     

中青年2型糖尿病患者压力知觉对焦虑的影响:应对方式的中介作用

目的:分析中青年2型糖尿病患者压力知觉对焦虑的影响以及应对方式的中介作用.方法:采用整群随机抽样法,选择哈尔滨市某2所三级甲等医院内分泌科首次收治的312名中青年2型糖尿病患者为研究对象,使用一般人口学调查问卷、简易应对方式问卷、压力知觉量表、贝克焦虑量表进行问卷调查,使用SPSS 20.0和A-MOS 17.0进行统计分析.结果:①患者压力知觉、紧张感、失控感与焦虑呈显著正相关(r=0.595,0.545,0.543;P＜0.01)、与消极应对方式呈显著正相关(r=0.602,0.562,0.539;P＜0.01),与积极应对方式呈显著负相关(r=-0.242,-0.197,-0.245;P＜0.01),积极应对方式与焦虑呈显著负相关(r=-0.251,P＜0.01),消极应对方式与焦虑呈显著正相关(r=0.520,P＜0.01);②压力知觉、消极应对方式正向预测焦虑(P＜0.01),积极应对方式负向预测焦虑(P＜0.01);③结构方程检验表明:积极应对方式、消极应对方式在压力知觉和焦虑之间起着部分中介作用.结论:中青年2型糖尿病患者压力水平较大,部分患者存在焦虑情绪,压力知觉、应对方式和焦虑显著相关且应对方式起部分中介作用,可以通过心理干预提高患者积极应对方式的使用从而降低压力知觉对焦虑的不良影响.     

Secular change in menarche in women in Madrid

The age at menarche was estimated by recollection in 1617 women between the ages of 18 and 60 in Madrid and a nearby suburb, Pinto. The population of Pinto is working-class and the Madrid group, taken from residential neighbourhoods , belongs to the upper middle class. In both groups we found a diminution in average age at menarche, from 14.04 to 13.02 years in Madrid and from 14.55 to 13.16 years from about 1935 to about 1965 in Pinto. These changes have been more intense in the group which is less well-off economically, where living conditions have varied much more drastically.     

Changes in the hypothalamic nuclei in in experimental allergy

Summary In rabbits subjected to prolonged sensitization and in which the Arthus phenomenon was induced there was a marked reaction of the hypothalamic nuclei. Staining by Gomori's method indicated a cellular swelling, loss of granules, and protoplasmic vacuolization in the supraoptic nucleus. There was a considerable increase in the size of the cross-sectional area of the cells. The same effects were much less well shown in the paraventricular nucleus. These results show that marked signs of increased neurosecretion developed in the animals at the height of the Arthus phenomenon.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten Éksperimental'noi biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 110–113, April, 1963.     

Experience in adult population in dengue outbreak in Delhi

A dengue outbreak has recently hit the Indian capital. We studied the clinical profile of adult patients. Five hundred and sixty patients of dengue infection were admitted in a specially created ward according to the criteria laid down by WHO. Haematemesis (28.28%), epistaxis (26.78%) and malena (14.28%) were some of the common presentations. Similarly lymphadenopathy, especially cervical (30.89%), palatal rashes (26.96%) and hepatomegaly (23.75%) were the most commonly encountered findings on physical examination. Most of the cases were of dengue fever with haemorrhage and only 2.5% cases were classified under dengue haemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. The average hospital stay was 3.4 days but only 9.8 hours in the eleven patients who died, suggesting their late arrival in preterminal situation giving little time for resuscitation. Thrombocytopenia was not a feature and only 12.85% patients had platelet count less than 70,000/cmm. Most of the patients who were admitted with thrombocytopenia, showed normalization in their platelet counts in next few days. Serological examination demonstrated evidence of recent dengue infection in 41.17% patients. Few patients required blood or platelet concentrate transfusion. Eleven patients died, three due to DIC, one of intracranial haemorrhage and seven due to massive gastric haemorrhage. Rest of the patients recovered completely. Thus we can conclude that recent outbreak in Delhi was of dengue fever with haemorrhage and mortality was very low in patients who came early to the hospital.     

Intestinal helminthiasis in school children in Haiti in 2002

A survey on intestinal helminths in school children was conducted in Haiti in 2002. This first nationwide study involving the entire country was stratified by department according to urban and rural zones using the cluster method. Focusing on elementary school children (n=5792; age range 3 to 20 years), it involved 26 urban and 49 rural schools randomly selected. Stools were preserved in formalin and examined by the Ritchie technique. Thirty-four per cent of stools (1981/5792) tested positive for intestinal helminths with the following parasites identified: Ascaris lumbricoides (27.3%), Trichuris trichiura (7.3%), Necator americanus (3.8%), Hymenolepsis nana (2%), Taenia sp. (0.3%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (0.2%). The helminth prevalence was higher in rural (38.4%) compared to urban areas (30%). There was no significant difference in prevalence by sex and age. The importance of geohelminths changed from one department to another with the highest prevalence found in the Southern department of Grande Anse (73.7%) and the lowest prevalence in the Center department (20.6%). Five out of the country's nine departments had a similar prevalence varying from 25.5% to 28.2%. Intestinal helminthic polyparasitism was observed in a percentage of infested school children comprise between 3.4% and 28.6% according in relation to the geographical area. A program to fight against geohelminths in school children should be initiated as a public health priority. Albendazole is the drug of choice. Frequency of drug distribution should be based on the prevalence of geohelminths in each department.