慢性乙型重型肝炎预后的危险因素相关性分析

目的探讨影响慢性乙型重型肝炎患者预后的危险因素。方法收集浙江大学医学院附属第一医院345例慢性乙型重型肝炎患者临床资料,根据治疗结果分为好转组和恶化组,回顾性分析患者9项临床资料与预后间的相关性。结果患者年龄、重叠其他病毒感染、有无合并肝硬化以及是否抗病毒治疗2组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而患者性别、嗜烟酒、并发糖尿病和高血压等因素在2组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论年龄较大,重叠其他病毒感染,有肝硬化基础及未经抗毒治疗的慢性乙型重型肝炎患者预后较差。     

促肝细胞生长素联合前列腺素E1治疗慢性乙型重型肝炎疗效观察

目的探讨促肝细胞生长素(PHGF)联合前列腺素E1(PGE1)在慢性乙型重型肝炎中的疗效.方法60例慢性乙型重型肝炎患者随机分为治疗组30例和对照组30例,对照组采用常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用PGE1、PHGF,治疗前后分别检测肝功能、PT.结果治疗30 d后,治疗组显效率、死亡率、SB和PTA值分别为43.3%、36.7%、(120士102)μmol/L和(70±23)%,对照组分别为13.3%、63.3%、(202±87)μmol/L和(40±18%).2组间显效率、死亡率、SB及PTA值差异存在显著性(P＜0.01或0.05).结论 PGE1联合PHGF在治疗慢性乙型重型肝炎中有较好疗效.     

乙型肝炎患者凝血功能与胱抑素C 联合检测的临床意义

目的:探讨乙型肝炎患者凝血功能与血清胱抑素C联合检测的临床诊断价值。方法:收集260例乙型肝炎患者为实验组及健康者70例为对照组,采用全自动凝血分析仪进行活化部分凝血酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)的测定,采用全自动生化分析仪进行血清胱抑素C、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、血清γ谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)的检测。结果:除急性肝炎组外,其他各组乙型肝炎患者的APTT、PT值均高于对照组(P<0.05)。重型肝炎和肝炎肝硬化组FIB值均低于对照组(P<0.05);对于血清胱抑素C水平,除急性肝炎组外,其他各组值均明显高于健康对照组(P<0.05),且肝炎肝硬化组依次高于重型肝炎组和慢性肝炎组。各实验组ALT和AST水平均明显高于对照组(P<0.05),而对于GGT水平,重型肝炎组和肝炎肝硬化组明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:联合检测APTT、PT、FIB凝血功能指标与血清胱抑素C水平,对临床判断乙型肝炎患者病变程度及预后具有重要意义。     

干扰素γ和白介素10在慢性乙型重型肝炎中的变化

目的：探讨INF-γ和IL-10在慢性乙型重型肝炎中的作用。方法：搜集不同患者血样,提取血清,使用ELISA方法检测不同患者不同时期的血清INF-γ和IL-10水平,并进行相关统计。结果：本研究发现,和其它肝炎对照组及健康对照组相比,慢性乙型重型肝炎患者的血清INF-γ水平显著升高,IL-10水平显著降低。尽管在不同预后的患者中,INF-γ水平差异并不明显,但是随着治疗生效,INF-γ水平会出现明显的下降。结论：慢性乙型重型肝炎和其它慢性肝炎相比,INF-γ和IL-10表达存在着差异,而且INF-γ可能是一种比较有效的监控慢性重型肝炎病程以及疗效的指标。     

干扰素γ和白介素10 在慢性乙型重型肝炎中的变化

目的:探讨INF-γ和IL-10在慢性乙型重型肝炎中的作用。方法:搜集不同患者血样,提取血清,使用ELISA方法检测不同患者不同时期的血清INF-γ和IL-10水平,并进行相关统计。结果:本研究发现,和其它肝炎对照组及健康对照组相比,慢性乙型重型肝炎患者的血清INF-γ水平显著升高,IL-10水平显著降低。尽管在不同预后的患者中,INF-γ水平差异并不明显,但是随着治疗生效,INF-γ水平会出现明显的下降。结论:慢性乙型重型肝炎和其它慢性肝炎相比,INF-γ和IL-10表达存在着差异,而且INF-γ可能是一种比较有效的监控慢性重型肝炎病程以及疗效的指标。     

重型肝炎实验室检查和预后关系的回顾性分析

重型肝炎的病情凶险而复杂 ,并发症多 ,治疗困难 ,死亡率较高。作者将我院近 5年来收治重型肝炎患者 5 6例 ,其实验室各项检查结果与预后的关系作一回顾性分析 ,现报告如下。1　临床资料本组 5 6例为我院近 5年来收治的住院患者 ,诊断符合1995年第五次全国传染病与寄生虫病会议修订的诊断标准 ,其中急性重型肝炎 4例 ,亚急性重型肝炎 16例 ,慢性重型肝炎 3 6例 ;男性 47例 ,女性 9例 ;年龄 12～ 68岁 ,平均 3 7岁。2　实验室检查和预后的关系2 .1　病程中血清胆红素最高浓度与预后的关系表 1　血清胆红素最高浓度与预后关系胆红素浓度 (μmo…     

感染对重型病毒性肝炎预后的影响

重型病毒性肝炎 (重型肝炎 )极易发生细菌感染 ,感染又加重肝损害 ,最终导致多器官功能衰竭 ,预后不良。本文对我院自 1 996年 2月～ 2 0 0 2年 4月间收治的 98例重型肝炎患者进行回顾性分析 ,现总结如下。1　临床资料1 .1　一般资料　 98例重型肝炎中 ,男 69例 ,女 2 9例 ,年龄 1 5～ 67岁 ,平均年龄 35 .4岁 ,符合 1 995年全国传染病与寄生虫病学术会议修订的诊断标准 [1] 。继发感染组 45例中 ,急性重型肝炎 5例 ,亚急性重型肝炎 7例 ,慢性重型肝炎 33例。无继发感染组 5 3例 ,急性重型肝炎 4例 ,亚急性重型肝炎 8例 ,慢性重型肝炎 41例…     

恩替卡韦联合血浆置换治疗慢性乙型重型肝炎的研究

目的初步探讨恩替卡韦联合血浆置换治疗慢性乙型重型肝炎患者的疗效。方法选取40例慢性乙型重型肝炎患者,在常规内科治疗及恩替卡韦0.5 mg/d抗病毒治疗基础上联合血浆置换治疗。同时选取38例慢重肝患者为对照组,给予常规内科治疗及恩替卡韦0.5 mg/d抗病毒治疗。比较2组患者在慢性乙型重型肝炎早、中和晚期存活率的差异。结果联合血浆置换组生存率为72.5%,而对照组生存率为50%(χ2=4.168,P=0.041)。其中,中期慢重肝患者联合血浆置换治疗,其生存率为72.2%,而对照组生存率为38.9%(χ2=4.050,P=0.044),早期和晚期慢重肝患者联合血浆置换治疗,其生存率与对照组比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论慢性乙型重型肝炎中期患者采用恩替卡韦联合血浆置换治疗能提高患者生存率。     

慢性重症肝炎生化及凝血功能检测与预后的分析

目的探讨慢性重症肝炎生化及凝血功能检测与预后的关系。方法对83例慢性重症肝炎患者的生化及凝血功能检测结果进行分析。结果慢性重症肝炎的预后和血清谷草转氨酶与血清谷丙转氨酶的比值、血清总胆红素、胆碱酯酶、凝血酶原活动度、血清总胆固醇、总胆汁酸、胆酶分离及低钠血症等密切相关。结论临床及时检测以上项目是判断慢性重症肝炎预后的重要依据。     

应用酶联免疫吸附试验检测不同类型乙型肝炎中激活补体类HBsAg循环免疫复合物

本文以抗人C_(?)的羊IgG为包被抗体,以HRP-HBs抗体为指示抗体,建立了可检测激活补体类HBsAg循环免疫复合物(HBsAg/C3-CIC)的C_3捕捉法酶联免疫吸附试验。检测了236例六种类型临床诊断为乙型肝炎的病人血清标本,其阳性率分别为:无症状携带者(ASC)12.9％(4/31),急性肝炎(AH)36.7％(22/60),慢性迁延性肝炎(CPH)33.3％(7/21),慢性活动性肝炎(CAH)59.6％(34/57),重型肝炎(SH)77.8％(14/18),肝炎后肝硬化(PLC)67.3％(33/49),阳性率与肝损严重程度明显相关(P<0.01)。认为HBs-Ag/C3-CIC可能在乙型肝炎病毒引起的慢性活动性肝炎、重型肝炎和肝炎后肝硬化的发病过程中起重要作用,并可作为乙型肝炎的诊断、临床分型和预后判断的指标之一。     

不同病因肝硬化患者临床特征及其预后影响因素分析

摘要 目的：探讨不同病因肝硬化患者临床特征及其预后影响因素。方法：回顾性选择2017年1月至2020年12月来我院诊治的具有完整资料，同时明确诊断为肝硬化，病因为乙肝后肝硬化（78例）、酒精性肝硬化（42例）。分析两组患者的一般资料、并发症发生情况、合并疾病情况，分析乙肝后肝硬化、酒精性肝硬化患者的预后影响因素。结果：两组患者在性别、职业、临床表现（黄疸、黑便、呕血、蜘蛛痣、脾脏增大）、肝脏体积缩小、并发症（上消化道出血、肝性脑病）、合并疾病（脂肪肝、糖尿病、胰腺炎、胆结石）方面有统计学意义（P<0.05）。乙肝后肝硬化组的疾病进展发生率明显较酒精性肝硬化组高（P<0.05）。单因素分析结果表明，临床表现（乏力、食欲减退、皮肤瘙痒、腹痛、腹胀、呕血、黑便、腹水）、Child-Pugh分级、并发症（上消化道出血、肝性脑病）是影响乙肝后肝硬化患者预后的因素（P<0.05）；Logistic回归分析结果表明，Child-Pugh分级在B、C级、存在上消化道出血与肝性脑病是影响乙肝后肝硬化患者预后的危险因素（P<0.05）。单因素分析结果表明，临床表现（黄疸）、Child-Pugh分级、并发症（上消化道出血、肝性脑病、感染）是影响酒精性肝硬化患者预后的因素（P<0.05）；Logistic回归分析结果表明，Child-Pugh分级为C级、存在上消化道出血肝性脑病、感染是影响酒精性肝硬化患者预后的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：乙肝后肝硬化与酒精性肝硬化的差异主要体现在性别、职业、临床表现、并发症与合并疾病中，影响乙肝后肝硬化预后的危险因素为Child-Pugh分级在B、C级、存在上消化道出血与肝性脑病，影响酒精性肝硬化预后的危险因素为Child-Pugh分级为C级、存在上消化道出血、肝性脑病、感染，需防治并发症，以改善患者预后。     

复方鳖甲软肝片联合阿德福韦酯对乙肝肝硬化患者肝功能和乙肝血清标 志物水平的影响

目的:探讨复方鳖甲软肝片联合阿德福韦酯对乙肝肝硬化患者肝功能和乙肝血清标志物水平的影响。方法:选择我院进行治疗的乙肝肝硬化患者60例,随机分为实验组与对照组,每组30例。对照组患者给予阿德福韦酯治疗,实验组患者在对照组基础上给予复方鳖甲软肝片治疗。比较治疗前后两组患者血浆白蛋白(ALB)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、血清总胆红素(TBIL)及凝血酶源时间(PT)水平、不良反应、HBe Ag转阴率、HBV-DNA转阴率及HBe Ag血清转化率。结果:与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗后的血清ALB水平均升高,血清ALT、TBIL及PT水平均降低(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组患者的血清ALB水平、HBe Ag转阴率、HBV-DNA转阴率及HBe Ag血清转化率较高,血清ALT、TBIL、PT水平、不良反应发生率较低(P0.05)。结论:复方鳖甲软肝片联合阿德福韦酯较单用阿德福韦酯可更有效改善乙肝肝硬化患者的肝功能,并抑制病毒的复制,且安全性较高。     

肝动脉栓塞化疗术对原发性肝癌伴 有不同类型肝炎后肝硬化患者预后的影响

目的:探讨肝动脉栓塞化疗(TACE)对原发性肝癌伴有不同肝炎后肝硬化类型患者术后肝功能、凝血功能及其对远期预后的影响。方法:2007年8月至2009年8月,131例曾行TACE的伴有不同肝炎后肝硬化原发性肝癌患者,以肝炎后肝硬化类别(乙肝、丙肝)分类,乙肝后肝硬化组为组1,丙肝后肝硬化组为组2,随访观察术后一年肝功能、凝血功能、血小板等的变化以及预后。两组研究因素采用SPSS17.0进行卡方检验,随访预后采用Kaplan-Meier方法计算生存率,Log-rank法检验生存差异。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果:随访统计结果显示术后半年和一年AST、ALT、ALP、GGT、PT、PLT在两组间均无统计学差异,(P>0.05);组一半年、一年远处转移率同组二差异间无统计学意义;组一半年、一年生存率分别为70.1%,48.1%;组二半年、一年生存率分别为68.5%,58.9%,两组间同期生存率差异无统计学意义。(X2=0.039,P=0.884;X2=0.183,P=0.669)。结论:TACE治疗PHC安全可靠,对于伴有乙肝或丙肝后肝硬化患者术后肝功能、凝血功能、疗效及预后效果相当。     

不同病因肝硬化患者L3骨骼肌指数特征及其对患者营养状况的预测价值分析

摘要 目的：探讨不同病因肝硬化患者L3骨骼肌指数特征及其对患者营养状况的预测价值分析。方法：选取2019年6月-2022年6月在我院收治的120例肝硬化患者作为研究对象,其中乙肝肝硬化40例,酒精性肝硬化40例,自身免疫性肝炎肝硬化40例。比较乙肝肝硬化组,酒精性肝硬化组,自身免疫性肝炎肝硬化L3 SMI的特征。采用Pearson相关检验分析L3 SMI与肝硬化患者营养状况的相关性。采用Logistics回归模型构建影响肝硬化营养状况的独立危险因素。采用受试者工作曲线（ROC）评估L3 SMI对肝硬化营养状况的预测价值。结果：自身免疫性肝炎肝硬化组L3 SMI、25（OH）D、ALB、PA、TRF的表达水平均显著低于酒精性肝硬化组和乙肝肝硬化组（P<0.05）,且酒精性肝硬化组显著低于乙肝肝硬化组（P<0.05）。肝硬化患者LSM与25（OH）D、ALB、PA、TRF均显著正相关（P<0.05）。以肝硬化患者营养状况作为因变量（营养正常=0,营养不良=1）纳入logistics回归模型,结果显示,25（OH）DALB、PA、TRF、L3 SMI是危险因素（P<0.05）。多因素分析结果显示,25（OH）DALB、PA、TRF、L3 SMI是影响肝硬化患者营养状况的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。L3 SMI预测评估肝硬化患者营养状况的Youden指数0.765,敏感度85.00（%）,特异度82.00（%）,AUC值0.810,95%CI：0.685~0.912。结论：不同病因肝硬化患者L3 SMI存在明显差异,临床可采用L3 SMI对肝硬化患者营养状况做出预测评估。     

Liver cirrhosis and liver cancer associated with viral hepatitis B and C in republic of Tatarstan

Clinical and epidemiological data on 93 patients with liver cirrhosis, treated in the Gastroenterological Department of the Republican Clinical Hospital of the of the Republic of Tatarstan MoH in 1998-2000 were analyzed. The retrospective analysis of 856 cases of the liver cancer, diagnosed in the Republic of Tatarstan in 1996-2000, was made. In 20.4% of patients with liver cirrhosis and 16.2% of patients with liver cancer, registered in the Republic of Tatarstan, the serological markers of hepatitis B (HB) and hepatitis C (HC) were detected. The domination of HC markers was observed in the liver cirrhosis and that of HB markers in the cancer of the liver. The liver cirrhosis with HC markers was more often registered in the age group of 45-60 years and with HB markers at the age over 60 years, while the cancer of the liver was more often registered in persons aged 75 years and older. The necessity of introducing the official registration of the liver cirrhosis and cancer associated with chronic infection caused by hepatoviruses B and C is confirmed.     

Prediction of Clinical Outcomes in Hepatitis B E Antigen Negative Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with Elevated Hepatitis B Virus DNA Levels

Objectives

We investigated whether long-term clinical outcomes such as disease progression or inactive hepatitis B virus (HBV) carrier state can be predicted by baseline factors in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative HBV infected patients with an elevated viral load.

Methods

A retrospective cohort of 527 HBeAg-negative chronic HBV infected patients with an elevated viral load (HBV DNA ≥ 2,000 IU/ml) was assessed for disease progression defined by the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or cirrhotic complication, as well as becoming an inactive carrier.

Results

During a median 3.6 years of follow-up, disease progression was detected in 46 patients (40 with HCC, 6 with cirrhotic complication), and 31 of 309 non-cirrhotic patients became inactive carriers. Older age, male gender, cirrhosis, high HBV DNA levels at baseline, and short antiviral therapy duration were independent risk factors for HCC. Low HBV DNA and quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen (qHBsAg) levels were independent predictors for becoming inactive carriers in patients without cirrhosis. In non-cirrhotic patients with both low qHBsAg and HBV DNA levels, the 5-year cumulative incidence of an inactive carrier was 39.8%, while that of disease progression was 1.6%.

Conclusion

HBeAg negative patients without cirrhosis can be closely monitored for becoming an inactive carrier when both HBV DNA and qHBsAg levels are low, as the risk of disease progression is low while incidence of an inactive carrier is high.     

肝硬化自发性细菌性腹膜炎预后相关因素分析

目的探讨影响肝硬化自发性细菌性腹膜炎（SBP）患者预后的相关因素。方法将130列肝硬化SBP患者分为治愈好转组和无效死亡组,分析比较2组患者临床资料,并对有意义的单因素进一步行Logistic回归分析。结果单因素分析显示SBP病史、上消化道出血、肝性脑病、肝肾综合征、休克血压、重度低钠血症、高胆红素血症和脉博〉100次/min8个因素在2组间的差异有显著性（P均〈0.05）;而年龄、性别、肝硬化原因、血清白蛋白、腹水总蛋白、腹水白细胞、凝血酶原时间和是否合并糖尿病等因素的差异无显著性（P均〉0.05）。Logistic回归分析表明：SBP病史、肝肾综合征、休克血压和脉博〉100次/min是影响肝硬化SBP预后的独立危险因素。结论SBP病史、肝肾综合征、休克血压和脉博〉100次/min4个因素可能是影响肝硬化SBP预后的独立高危因素,对于具有这些高危因素的患者在临床中应加以重视。     

Prevalence and determinants of diabetes mellitus among Iranian patients with chronic liver disease

BACKGROUND: Alterations in carbohydrate metabolism are frequently observed in cirrhosis. We conducted this study to define the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in Iranian patients with chronic liver disease (CLD), and explore the factors associated with DM in these patients. METHODS: One hundred and eighty-five patients with CLD were enrolled into the study. Fasting plasma glucose and two-hour plasma glucose were measured in patients' sera. DM and IGT were diagnosed according to the latest American Diabetes Association criteria. RESULTS: The subjects included 42 inactive HBV carriers with a mean age of 42.2 +/- 12.0 years, 102 patients with HBV or HCV chronic hepatitis with a mean age of 41.2 +/- 10.9 years, and 41 cirrhotic patients with a mean age of 52.1 +/- 11.4 years. DM and IGT were diagnosed in 40 (21.6%) and 21 (11.4%) patients, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that age (P = 0.000), CLD status (P = 0.000), history of hypertension (P = 0.007), family history of DM (P = 0.000), and body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.009) were associated with DM. Using Multivariate analysis, age (OR = 4.7, 95%CI: 1.8-12.2), family history of DM (OR = 6.6, 95%CI: 2.6-17.6), chronic hepatitis (OR = 11.6, 95%CI: 2.9-45.4), and cirrhosis (OR = 6.5, 95%CI: 2.4-17.4) remained as the factors independently associated with DM. When patients with cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis were analyzed separately, higher Child-Pugh's score in cirrhotic patients (OR = 9.6, 95%CI: 1.0-88.4) and older age (OR = 7.2, 95%CI: 1.0-49.1), higher fibrosis score (OR = 59.5, 95%CI: 2.9-1211.3/ OR = 11.9, 95%CI: 1.0-132.2), and higher BMI (OR = 30.3, 95%CI: 3.0-306.7) in patients with chronic hepatitis were found to be associated with higher prevalence of DM. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that patients with cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis are at the increased risk of DM occurrence. Older age, severe liver disease, and obesity were associated with DM in these patients.     

Viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. The incidence of HCC varies considerably with the geographic area because of differences in the major causative factors. Chronic hepatitis B and C, mostly in the cirrhotic stage, are responsible for the great majority of cases of HCC worldwide. The geographic areas at the highest risk are South-East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, here hepatitis B is highly endemic and is the main cause of HCC. In areas with an intermediate rate of HCC such as Southern Europe and Japan, hepatitis C is the predominant cause, whereas in low rate areas such as Northern Europe and the USA, HCC is often related to other factors as alcoholic liver disease. There is a rising incidence in HCC in developed countries during the last two decades, due to the increasing rate of hepatitis C infection and improvement of the clinical management of cirrhosis.

Methods

This article reviews the literature on hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The Medline search was carried out using these key words and articles were selected on epidemiology, risk factors, screening, and prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Results

Screening of patients with advanced chronic hepatitis B and C with hepatic ultrasound and determination of serum alfa-fetoprotein may improve the detection of HCC, but further studies are needed whether screening improves clinical outcome. Hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV/HCV) can be implicated in the development of HCC in an indirect way, through induction of chronic inflammation, or directly by means of viral proteins or, in the case of HBV, by creation of mutations by integration into the genome of the hepatocyte.

Conclusion

The most effective tool to prevent HCC is avoidance of the risk factors such as viral infection. For HBV, a very effective vaccine is available. Preliminary data from Taiwan indicate a protective effect of universal vaccination on the development of HCC. Vaccination against HBV should therefore be a health priority. In patients with chronic hepatitis B or C, interferon-alfa treatment in a noncirrhotic stage is protective for HCC development in responders, probably by prevention of cirrhosis development. When cirrhosis is already present, the protective effect is less clear. For cirrhosis due to hepatitis B, a protective effect was demonstrated in Oriental, but not in European patients. For cirrhosis due to hepatitis C, interferon-alfa treatment showed to be protective in some studies, especially in Japan with a high incidence of HCC in untreated patients. Virological, but also merely biochemical response, seems to be associated with a lower risk of development of HCC. As most studies are not randomized controlled trials, no definitive conclusions on the long-term effects of interferon-alfa in HBV or HCV cirrhosis can be established. Especially in hepatitis C, prospective studies should be performed using the more potent reference treatments for cirrhotics, namely the combination of peginterferon and ribavirin.