依赖于DNA的RNA聚合酶与体外转录的研究I．酵母变异株20B-12 RNA聚合酶A和C的纯化及鉴定

从酵母变异株20B一12经过超声波处理、硫酸铵沉淀、DEAE纤维素和磷酸纤维素层析等步骤,纯化依赖于DNA的RNA聚合酶A和C,得到聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳均一的条带。其中不含Dnase、Rnas：和蛋白酶活力,无内源．DNA。测定了RNA聚合酶A和c对弘鹅膏蕈碱的敏感性。酶A在a-鹅膏荤碱为400μg／ml时,活性受到抑制,而酶c在该浓度时,几乎不受抑制。(NH4)zSO4对酶A的最适浓度为20mM,对酶C有二个最适浓度,分别为40raM和240raM。无二价金属离子Mn+或Mg2+,酶A和c几乎无活力。两种酶最适Mn2+浓度均为2.5mM,Mg2+浓度均为5mM。两种酶以热变性小牛胸腺DNA为模板,测活性均较天然小牛胸腺DNA为模板时高。     

依赖于DNA的RNA聚合酶与体外转录的研究——Ⅱ.酵母变异株20B-12 RNA聚合酶B的纯化及鉴定

从酵母变异株20B-12经过超声波处理、硫酸铵沉淀、DEAE纤维素、磷酸纤维素和DEAE-Sephadex层析等步骤,纯化依赖于DNA的RNA聚合酶B,在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳中呈二条有聚合酶B活力的区带。其中不含有DNase、RNase和蛋白酶活力,无内源DNA。50μg/ml的α-鹅膏蕈碱抑制聚合酶活力达90％以上。最适(NH_4)_2SO_4浓度为40mM。最适Mn~(2 )浓度为2mM。Mg~(2 )对酶B无激活作用。变性DNA对酶B较天然DNA有更高的效率。     

依赖于DNA的RNA聚合酶与体外转录的研究II．酵母变异株20B一12RNA聚合酶B的纯化及鉴定

从酵母变异株20B—12经过超声波处理,硫酸铵沉淀、DEAE纤维素、磷酸纤维素和DEAE-Sephadex 层析等步骤,纯化依赖于DNA的RNA聚合酶B,在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳中呈二条有聚合酶B活力的区带。其中不合有Dnase、Rnasc和蛋白酶活力,无内源DNAo50μg/ml 的a-鹅膏华碱抑制聚合酶活力达90％以上。最适(NH4),SO4．浓度为40mM。最适 Mn2+浓度为2mM。 Mg2+对酶B无激活作用。变性DNA对酶B较天然DNA有更高的效率。     

依赖于DNA的RNA聚合酶的研究 Ⅲ.615小鼠和白血病615小鼠(L615)肝细胞RNA聚合酶B的比较研究

研究了正常的615小鼠和白血病615小鼠(L615)肝细胞的RNA聚合酶B,发现两种肝细胞的RNA聚合酶B都可能存在着结合状态和游离状态的形式。在电泳图中L615 RNA聚合酶B有两条电泳区带是615 RNA聚合酶B所没有的。两种B酶的最适铵离子浓度都是90mM;最适锰离子浓度为2mM;镁离子的激活作用在10mM以下时,酶活性随镁离子浓度增高而增强。两种RNA聚合酶B对α-鹅膏蕈碱的抑制作用都非常敏感,而L615 B酶更敏感一些。两种RNA聚合酶B都适于利用变性的单链DNA作转录模板。     

抗-20诱导的三眠家蚕后丝腺RNA聚合酶和RNA的合成

蚕在4龄期开始的48小时连续取食抗-20,4眠家蚕被诱导成3眠蚕并吐丝结茧。根据对α-鹅膏蕈碱的敏感性,放线菌素D的抑制作用,DNA需要以及[~3H]-UMP掺入酸不可溶物,测定了蚕后丝腺的RNA聚合酶Ⅰ和Ⅱ活力。观察到随着抗-20处理后天数的增加,RNA聚合酶在热变性小牛胸腺DNA和内源DNA上转录活性迅速升高,并伴随着RNA合成的迅速增加;而对照组蚕的酶活力和RNA含量仍保持在相当稳定的低水平。     

抗-20诱导的三眠家蚕后丝腺RNA聚合酶和RNA的合成

蚕在4龄期开始的48小时连续取食抗-20,4眠家蚕被诱导成3眠蚕并吐丝结茧.根据对α-鹅膏蕈碱的敏感性,放线菌素D的抑制作用,DNA需要以及[³H]-UMP掺入酸不可溶物,测定了蚕后丝腺的RNA聚合酶Ⅰ和Ⅱ活力.观察到随着抗-20处理后天数的增加,RNA聚合酶在热变性小牛胸腺DNA和内源DNA上转录活性迅速升高,并伴随着RNA合成的迅速增加;而对照组蚕的酶活力和RNA含量仍保持在相当稳定的低水平.     

依赖于DNA的RNA聚合酶的研究Ⅱ.615小鼠肝细胞核RNA聚合酶A、B、C的提取、分离和鉴定

本文报道了从615小鼠肝细胞核提取和分离A、B、C三种RNA聚合酶的方法。在80mM硫酸铵离子浓度下,B酶能选择性地吸附在DEAE-纤维素DE52上,从而和A、C酶分开,用500mM硫酸铵洗脱,呈现单一的峰。在50mM硫酸铵离子浓度下,将A、C酶吸附在DEAE-SephadexA25上,经50-500mM硫酸铵线性梯度洗脱,得到A酶和c酶两个峰。测定了这三种酶对α-鹅膏蕈碱的敏感性。A酶是抗α-鹅膏蕈碱的(在最高浓度为200微克/毫升时,酶活完全不受抑制);B酶在α-鹅膏蕈碱浓度为0.2微克/毫升时,活性受到50％以上的抑制;C酶在α-鹅膏蕈碱浓度为100微克/毫升时,活性受到50％以上的抑制。用提取的B酶免疫母鸡,获得了抗B酶的抗血清,这种抗血清在双向免疫扩散实验中和B酶之间产生沉淀反应,而和A酶或C酶之间不产生沉淀反应。     

小麦芽依赖于DNA的RNA聚合酶Ⅱ不能转录绒毛烟斑驳病毒及其拟病毒

小麦芽经过匀浆、沉淀、高速及超速离心、透析以及DE_(52)离子交换层析等步骤,纯化小麦芽依赖于DNA的RNA聚合酶。用α-鹅膏蕈碱抑制试验,证明得到RNA聚合酶Ⅱ。用此聚合酶Ⅱ组建的体外转录体系的研究结果表明,绒毛烟斑驳病毒的拟病毒和卫星RNA(黄瓜花叶病毒相关RNA_3)都不能利用该体系进行转录,类病毒PSTV可进行转录,但转录效率明显低于小牛胸腺DNA;α-鹅膏簟碱可抑制类病毒的转录。绒毛烟斑驳病毒拟病毒和卫星RNA都不能被转录,表明他们的复制方法与类病毒不同。     

HL-60细胞内DNA甲基化作用与RNA聚合酶活力的关系

以 S-腺苷酰 - L-甲硫氨酸 ( SAM)为诱导物 ,在 1 0 μmol/L最佳浓度下可诱导 HL- 60细胞分化达 1 6%左右 .HPLC测定结果证明 ,诱导物处理后 HL- 60细胞 DNA甲基化水平升高 .通过 3 H-UTP同位素参入法 ,测定了不同处理时间和不同浓度 SAM对 HL- 60细胞 DNA模板体外转录活性的影响 ,发现体外活力下降 .比较了不同浓度α-鹅膏蕈碱存在下 RNA聚合酶活力的变化 ,结果表明 SAM处理后细胞中不同 RNA转录产物所占份额改变     

北京棒状杆菌RNA聚合酶的提纯及其性质的研究

本文报道了北京棒状杆菌RNA聚合酶的分离和提纯方法。经DEAE纤维素层析提纯后的酶的比活比硫酸铵分段后提高53倍;低浓度利福平和放线菌素D对酶显示强烈的抑制作用;酶对外加DNA模板呈现明显的依赖性;酶的反应最适温度为37℃,最适pH为7.9,反应30分钟时酶活力达到最高值,当0．I 5M氯化钾存在时表现最高酶活性。此外,本文还报道了模板、二价金属离子浓度和抑制剂浓度对酶活力的影响。     

Solubilization and characterization of RNA polymerase from a higher plant

RNA polymerase has been solubilized from sugar beet chromatin. With calf thmus or sugar beet DNA as template enzyme activity was linear with respect to protein concentration and required the presence of all four nucleoside triphospahates, added DNA and divalent metal ions. The enzyme exhibited a sharp Mn²⁺ optimum of 1·25 mM and a Mg²⁺ optimum at 10mM. The Mn²⁺/Mg²⁺ activity ratio (activity at optimum concentrations) was 2·0 with an optimum salt concentration of 50 mM. Based on data including inhibition with α-amanitin (0·025 μg/ml), the majority of the total activity appeared to be RNA polymerase I. Subsequent fractionation by DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography resulted in one peak of activity eluted with 0·18 M (NH₄)₂SO₄.     

Chromatographic separation of DNA dependent RNA polymerases and molecular properties of RNA polymerase II from a Leishmania Spp

Multiple forms of DNA-dependent RNA polymerases have been isolated and characterized from Leishmania strain UR6 promastigotes. RNA polymerases from this organism fail to resolve into multiple forms by conventional chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A25, but could be separated by a modification of the method using CM-Sephadex C25. The CM-Sephadex bound enzyme is resistant toamanitin even up to a concentration of 250g/ml. The activity which flows through CM-Sephadex further resolves into two forms upon chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A25. These forms are sensitive to -amanitin to different extent. Enzyme activity in peak I is 50% inhibited by 3g/ml and in peak II by 50g/ml of the drug respectively. The enzyme in peak I has been further purified by heparin agarose and fast performance liquid chromatography (FPLC) on MonoQ. The enzyme has Stoke's radius of 70å, a sedimentation coefficient of 17.6S and an f/fo of 1.35. Analysis of ammonium sulfate and met n peak I, relative activities with Mn+2 versus Mg+2 and template specificities gave results similar to those reported for other type II RNA polymerases in eukaryotes. The MonoQ purified enzyme resolves into 16 polypeptides on denaturing polyacrylamide gel and densitometric analysis suggests that 9 major bands are present in the stoichiometry expected of RNA polymerase subunits having molecular weights: 154000; 104000; 77000; 64000; 52000; 48000; 46000; 45000 and 39000 respectively.     

RNA Synthesis in Isolated Nuclei of the Dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii

Atypical eukaryotic RNA polymerase activity was demonstrated in nuclei of Crypthecodinium cohnii, a eukaryote devoid of histones. Nuclei were isolated from growing cultures of this dinoflagellate and assayed for endogenous RNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.6) activity. There was a biphasic response to Mg²⁺ with optima at ? 0.01 and 0.02 M MgCl₂, but in contrast to other eukaryotic RNA polymerases, this enzyme activity was inhibited by low MnCl₂ concentrations. In the presence of 0.01 M MgCl₂ the optimum (NH₄)₂SO₄ concentration was 0.025 M, a concentration at which the nuclei were lysed. Incorporation of [₃H]UMP into RNA was inhibited by actinomycin D and dependent on the presence of undegraded DNA, and the reaction product was sensitive to ribonuclease and KOH digestion. Omission of one or more ribonucleoside triphosphates greatly reduced the incorporation. Only a slight enhancement of RNA polymerase activity resulted from the addition of various amounts of native and denatured calf thymus DNA. Spermine caused a marked inhibition while spermidine had little effect on RNA synthesis in the nuclei. Under the optimum conditions described in the present paper the nuclei incorporated ? 3 pmoles of [₃H]UMP/muml; DNA at 25 C for 15 min, and ? 80% of this activity was inhibited by the eukaryotic RNA polymerase II inhibitor, α-amanitin (20 m?/ml). A unique situation therefore exists in C. cohnii nuclei, in which absence of histones (a prokaryotic trait) is combined with α-amanitin-sensitive RNA polymerase activity (a eukaryotic trait).     

Isolation and characterization of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase A, B and C from rat brain nuclei

Abstract— DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activities were solubilized from the brain nuclei of young rats. Six forms of RNA polymerases were distinguished on DEAE-Sephadex A-25 chromatography and designated A, BI, BII, CI, CII, and Oil by their sensitivities to α-amanitin. CII enzyme was shown to derive from CIII enzyme by serine-protease digestion. CI enzyme was also suggested to be a product of a proteolytic process. Using a DNA template, enzyme A was completely resistant to α-amanitin; BI and BII enzymes were equally sensitive to this toxin (50% inhibition at 0.006 μg/ml); while C enzymes showed intermediate sensitivity (50% inhibition at 30 μg/ml). When poly[d(A-T)] was used as a template, α-amanitin sensitivities were altered in A, CI, CII, and CIII enzymes without any change in the BII enzyme. CI, CII and CIII enzymes were greatly stimulated by poly[d(A-T)], whereas A and BII enzymes were only slightly stimulated. All six forms of RNA polymerases were extensively characterized with respect to their ammonium sulphate optima, effects of divalent metal ions, template requirements and pH optima, using DNA and poly[d(A-T)] as templates. The results show new findings in several properties and supply basic data for discussion and future studies on RNA metabolism of the brain.     

DNA-binding proteins of the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi: purification and characterization of an endonuclease

DNA-binding proteins present in fourth instar larvae of Anopheles stephensi were isolated by affinity chromatography on native and denatured DNA cellulose columns and analyzed by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels. A denatured DNA-specific protein with an approximate molecular weight of 30 kDa was the predominant DNA binding protein of larvae. This protein was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by phosphocellulose chromatography. The purified 30 kDa binding protein showed an endonucleolytic activity capable of converting pBR 322 supercoiled DNA to the circular form. Maximum endonucleolytic activity was observed in the presence of 5 mM Mg(2+) at pH 7.4. Enzyme activity was completely inhibited by EDTA.     

核多角体病毒(NPV)感染的家蚕中肠DNA多聚酶的研究

家蚕核多角体病毒(NPV)感染的中肠组织中的DNA多聚酶,经过磷酸纤维素柱层析纯化,正常家蚕中肠与NPV感染的家蚕中肠NPV多聚酶都表现了前和后两个活力峰,感染NPV的家蚕中肠DNA多聚酶前、后峰的比活力比正常家蚕中肠DNA多聚酶前,后峰的比活力分别提高10～15倍,总活力回收为56～60％。研究了DNA多聚酶的性质,讨论了与NPV复制的关系。     

α-Amanitin-sensitive DNA-dependent RNA polymerase I from cherry salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) liver nuclei

DNA-dependent RNA polymerases I and II were purified approximately 3900- and 13300 fold, respectively, from a sonicated nuclear extract of the cherry salmon liver by column chromatographies on DEAE-Sephadex, heparin-Sepharose and DNA-cellulose. The RNA polymerases were examined with respect to template-specificity, the effects of Mn²⁺, Mg²⁺ and ammonium sulfate, α-amanitin sensitivity. Results showed that the RNA polymerase I differed from other eukaryotic RNA polymerase I in α-amanitin sensitivity.     

EFFECT OF GTP AND OTHER NUCLEOSIDE TRIPHOSPHATES ON GMP INCORPORATION BY ISOLATED CORTICAL NUCLEI

—The concentration of GTP was found to be critically important in determining the characteristics of incorporation of GMP by DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from rat brain nuclei. The linearity of the incorporation rate was related to the log of the GTP concentration. Three hundred μM-GTP in the presence of the other nucleoside triphosphates (1 mM) was near to the optimal conditions in terms of maximum incorporation and linearity. The concentration of ammonium sulfate was an important factor in determining the maximum GMP and UMP incorporation. The U/G incorporation ratio was less than one at low concentrations of substrate and increased with increasing substrate or ammonium sulfate concentration. α-Amanitin strongly inhibited the reaction, indicating that RNA polymerase II is the effective enzyme.     

Specific immune serum to the Epstein-Barr virus DNA polymerase.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA polymerase was released from phorbol ester-treated tamarin (Saguinus oedipus) cells (B95-8) and prepared for use as an antigen by sequential column chromatography with DEAE-Sephadex A-25, DEAE-cellulose, phosphocellulose, and single-stranded DNA cellulose. Proteins from single-stranded DNA cellulose with DNA polymerase activity in 100 mM ammonium sulfate were mixed with complete Freund adjuvant and injected intradermally into rats and rabbits. Immune sera that were screened for specific antibody by indirect immunofluorescence procedures reacted with approximately 3% of the cells in EBV-producer cultures (B95-8 and P3HR-1) but not with EBV genome-negative cells (BJAB). In functional enzyme assays, immune sera or the immunoglobulin fraction inhibited the activity of purified EBV DNA polymerase 90%. Inhibition of enzyme activity was not affected by absorption of immune sera with insoluble matrices of proteins prepared with tamarin and human cells which lacked the EBV genome. Cellular DNA polymerase alpha was not inhibited by immune sera to the EBV enzyme.     

DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II from nuclei of suspension-cultured tobacco cells

From isolated nuclei of suspension cultured cells of Nicotiana tabacum. DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II (E.C. 2.7.76) has been purified to homogeneity as evidenced by polyacrylamidegel electrophoresis under non-denaturing conditions. The purified enzyme had a specific activity of more than 15 nmol min^-1·mg^-1 with denatured calf thymus DNA as template. Sodium-dodecyl-sulfate gel electrophoresis and protein highperformance liquid chromatography revealed a subunit composition of four proteins with molecular weights of 165 000, 135 000, 35 000 and 25 000 and with a stoichiometry of 1:1:2:2. The RNA polymerase did not exhibit any detectable proteinkinase activity. The 25 000 subunit binds ADP in a molar ratio of 1:1; it could not be decided whether this subunit has an ATPase activity or is merely an acceptor of ADP.Abbreviations HPLC high-performance liquid chromatography - PMSF phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride - SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate This contribution is dedicated to Professor Fritz Cramer on the occasion of his 60th birthday