软枣猕猴桃果实多糖提取工艺优化及其抗氧化研究

目的：为优化软枣猕猴桃果实多糖的超声辅助离子液体提取工艺，并评价抗氧化活性。方法：采用单因素和响应面试验探究最佳提取工艺，测定DPPH自由基（DPPH·）和羟自由基（·OH）清除能力以及总还原能力。结果：确定最佳提取工艺为：[BMIM]Br的浓度为0.5 mol/L，液料比35:1(mL/g)，超声功率为350 W，超声时间为70 min，该条件下软枣猕猴桃果实多糖的提取率为3.52%。去除DPPH·的能力为：SPS60>SPS30>SPS，去除·OH的能力为：SPS60>SPS30>SPS，并且SPS60的总还原能力高于SPS30和SPS。结论：SPS60具有更强的体外抗氧化能力，开发前景广阔。     

鸡蛋参多糖提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性研究

目的：优化鸡蛋参多糖水提工艺,并研究其抗氧化活性。方法：在单因素试验结果的基础上,以多糖提取率为指标,采用响应面法优化鸡蛋参多糖的水提工艺;以自由基清除率为指标,采用自由基清除试验考察鸡蛋参多糖体外抗氧化活性。结果：鸡蛋参多糖最佳水提条件为提取时间90 min、提取温度63℃、液料比25 mL/g,在此条件下鸡蛋参多糖提取率达到52.43%;该多糖质量浓度为4 mg/mL时,对DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基和羟基自由基清除率分别为38.13%、54.37%、54.89%。结论：鸡蛋参多糖水提优化工艺可行,该工艺下提取的多糖具有一定抗氧化活性。     

广东石豆兰多糖的提取工艺及其抗氧化活性

为优化广东石豆兰多糖的提取工艺并评价其抗氧化活性。在单因素试验基础上,采用正交设计和方差分析,研究液料比、提取温度、时间及沉淀多糖的乙醇浓度对石豆兰多糖浸提量的影响并优化了工艺条件,确定最优条件为液料比50∶1 (mL/g),提取温度90℃,时间6 h,醇沉浓度为95%,此条件下多糖提取量为79.060 mg/g,RSD为0.132%。抗氧化结果表明广东石豆兰多糖的总还原力为L-抗坏血酸的3.46%;对DPPH、·OH、·O■自由基半清除浓度(EC₅₀)分别为2769.58、594.60、586.94μg/mL,其清除能力分别是L-抗坏血酸的0.68%、47.17%和29.00%;对Fe²⁺的半螯合浓度(EC₅₀)为160.83μg/mL,螯合能力是EDTA的2.12%。本研究结果为石豆兰多糖的提取及进一步开发利用提供参考依据。     

蛹虫草黄色素提取工艺优化及其体外抗氧化研究

本研究为了得到蛹虫草黄色素最佳提取工艺,采用Box-Behnken方法,在单因素试验的基础上以黄色素的提取率为响应值,利用响应面设计对超声波辅助乙醇提取蛹虫草黄色素工艺进行优化,并对其体外抗氧化活性进行了研究。结果表明超声波辅助乙醇提取蛹虫草黄色素的最佳工艺条件为乙醇体积分数57.00%、液料比32.00:1、提取时间18.00min,在此条件下黄色素提取率达(1.976±0.017)mg/g。红外光谱和高效液相色谱的结果表明,该提取条件下获得的蛹虫草黄色素主要成分为cordyxanthin。蛹虫草黄色素DPPH自由基清除力IC₅₀为0.59mg/mL,在5mg/mL时,总抗氧化力高达0.587,在10mg/mL时,铁离子还原力高达1.488。     

羊肚菌多糖提取及其抗氧化活性研究

为了探讨碱法提取羊肚菌多糖的工艺条件并测定其抗氧化活性,该研究以四川北川羊肚菌为原料,采用碱法提取羊肚菌多糖,利用苯酚-硫酸法对羊肚菌多糖得率进行测定,并通过单因素探讨提取温度(70、80、90、100℃)、提取时间(2、4、6、8 h)、碱液浓度(0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0 mol·L~(-1))、料液比(1∶15、1∶20、1∶25、1∶30 g·mL~(-1))对羊肚菌多糖得率的影响,同时采用正交试验优化提取工艺,对其抗氧化活性进行测定。结果表明:在提取温度90℃、提取时间5 h、碱液浓度0.7 mol·L~(-1)、料液比1∶20(g·mL~(-1))条件下得到的羊肚菌多糖得率为5.39%。羊肚菌多糖具有较强的清除DPPH自由基、羟自由基、超氧阴离子的能力和较好的还原能力,其IC50分别为0.468、0.208、0.022、0.014 mg·mL~(-1),抗氧化能力依次为还原能力超氧阴离子清除能力羟自由基清除能力DPPH自由基清除能力。优化后的羊肚菌多糖提取工艺合理、可行,且羊肚菌多糖具有较强的抗氧化活性。     

三峡库区乌皮香核桃隔膜粗多糖的提取及抗氧化活性

本实验对三峡库区城口乌皮香核桃内隔膜为原料,采用超声波提取粗多糖。在单因素实验基础上,以超声功率、时间及料液比为实验因素,以粗多糖提取率为响应值,采用三因素五水平的响应面分析方法进行实验,优化提取工艺参数。同时考察了隔膜粗多糖对DPPH和ABTS+自由基的清除效果。结果显示超声波提取隔膜粗多糖的最佳工艺条件为:提取功率310 W,提取时间87 s,料液比1∶24(g/m L)。在该条件下乌皮香核桃隔膜粗多糖提取率预测值为26.94 mg/g,验证值为24.88 mg/g。抗氧化活性实验表明隔膜粗多糖具有自由基清除效果,对DPPH和ABTS+自由基的EC50分别为1.91 mg/m L和1.21 mg/m L。     

超声参数对白术多糖抗氧化活性的影响

采用热水浸提和超声辅助法提取白术多糖,研究白术多糖的总还原能力以及对超氧阴离子(O2-·)、羟基自由基(·OH)、1,1-二苯基-2-苦苯肼自由基(DPPH·)的清除作用.结果表明:超声频率80 kHz,功率220 W时,白术多糖提取率达到最大(8.017％),明显高于热水浸提法所得(6.832％).白术多糖对·OH和DPPH·具有较强的清除作用,随着质量浓度的升高,·OH清除率呈上升趋势.超声功率和频率均对白术多糖的抗氧化活性有影响且超声功率的影响较大.随着超声功率的提高,白术多糖清除·OH的能力增强,但对O2-·的清除能力影响较弱.     

虎耳草中抗氧化活性物质的提取及成分研究

对虎耳草中抗氧化活性物质提取工艺进行优化研究并对其进行总黄酮、总多酚、多糖的含量测定。通过单因素试验和Box-Behnken设计,以虎耳草中抗氧化活性物质对DPPH.自由基的清除率为响应值,利用响应面分析法对提取参数进行优化。结果表明:在提取温度39℃、料液比1∶40.5(g/mL)、提取时间3.7 min,微波功率500 W的优化条件下,以水为提取溶剂时,其提取液对DPPH.的清除率达到最大,为80.32%,同时将该提取液进行成分分析,1 g提取液中含有总黄酮11.30 mg,总多酚20.27 mg,多糖55.85 mg。     

响应面法优化金莲花总酚酸的提取工艺及其美白活性研究CSCD

采用响应面分析法中Box-Behnken设计实验优化乙醇回流提取金莲花总酚酸的工艺条件,同时研究了金莲花总酚酸对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基的清除能力、还原能力及其对酪氨酸酶的抑制作用。结果表明,金莲花总酚酸的最佳提取工艺为乙醇浓度60%,回流时间90 min,回流温度60℃,液料比40∶1(mL/g);在此条件下金莲花总酚酸得率为92.245 mg/g。此外,其对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基具有一定的清除能力和还原能力,并且能够显著性地抑制酪氨酸酶活性。本研究所得的提取工艺稳定可靠,金莲花总酚酸具有一定的体外抗氧化活性和酪氨酸酶抑制作用,为进一步科学合理开发利用金莲花奠定基础。     

响应面法优化芦荟中抗氧化活性成分的提取工艺

对芦荟中抗氧化活性物质提取工艺及其成分进行研究,通过单因素实验和响应面优化,以提取物对DPPH自由基的清除率为抗氧化的考察指标,得到芦荟中抗氧化活性成分的提取工艺条件:提取温度29 ℃、料液比(g/mL)1:33、提取时间107 s、微波功率500 W,微波辅助水提,此条件下得到的提取物对DPPH自由基的清除率达91.414%.提取物活性成分分析表明:提取物中芦荟甙含量为1.5 mg/g、黄酮为1.13 mg/g、多酚为4.33 mg/g、多糖为126.36 mg/g.     

壳聚糖酶的克隆表达与壳寡糖的制备分析

目的:克隆壳聚糖酶基因于大肠杆菌中实现高表达,制备壳寡糖。方法:以枯草芽孢杆菌总DNA为模板扩增壳聚糖酶基因(CSN),克隆至载体pET23a(+)上,转化菌株BL21(DE3)。重组子经0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE和质谱检测与鉴定重组酶。酶纯化后水解壳聚糖,薄层色谱分析其水解产物。结果:质谱证明壳聚糖酶(31.5kDa)成功表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的45%左右。纯化后重组酶浓度为900 mg/L,纯度95%、回收率85%,酶活力为10 000 U/mg。壳聚糖降解产物为壳二糖至壳四糖。结论:原核表达载体pET23a(+)-CSN构建正确,壳聚糖酶表达量与活性高,适用于水解壳聚糖制备壳寡糖。     

国内外蝗害治理技术现状与展望

本文首先概述了国内外蝗虫发生与为害的态势,总结了现阶段我国蝗虫发生与为害的主要特点:即农田飞蝗暴发频繁而且严重,草原土蝗的发生时常造成严重的经济损失,而且侵入城市干扰市民生活,我国与周边国家之间蝗虫过境迁移频繁,使用化学农药污染环境和农产品;分析了国内外蝗虫防治对策与技术的发展现状,重点介绍了应急防治和可持续治理对策、...     

Synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phosphatidylserine of myelin and microsomal fractions of adult and developing rat brain.

The synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phospholipids was followed in microsomal and myelin fractions of developing and adult rat brains after an intracerebral injection of [U-14C]serine. The kinetics of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal and myelin cerebrosides indicate the possibility of a precursor-product relationship between cerebrosides of these membranes. The specific radioactivity of myelin cerebrosides was corrected for the deposition of newly formed cerebrosides in myelin. Multiphasic curves were obtained for the decline in specific radioactivity of myelin and microsomal cerebrosides, suggesting different cerebroside pools in these membranes. The half-life of the fast turning-over pool of cerebrosides of myelin was 7 and 22 days for the developing and adult rat brain respectively. The half-life of the slowly turning-over pool of myelin cerebrosides was about 145 days for both groups of animals. The half-life of the rapidly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was calculated to be 20 and 40 h for the developing and adult animals respectively. The half-life of the intermediate and slowly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was 11 and 60 days respectively, for both groups of animals. The amount of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal cerebrosides from L-serine was greatly decreased in the adult animals, and greater amounts of the precursor were directed towards the synthesis of phosphatidylserine. In the developing animals, considerable amounts of cerebrosides were synthesized from L-serine, besides phosphatidylserine. The time-course of incorporation indicated that a precursor-product relationship exists between microsomal and myelin phosphatidylserine. The half-life of microsomal phosphatidylserine was calculated to be about 8 h for the fast turning-over pool in both groups of animals.     

Identification and composition of the tonsillar and anal enterococcal and streptococcal flora of dogs and cats

Enterococcus faecalis was the most frequently isolated enterococcal species from anal swabs and tonsils of dogs and cats, although in the anal samples from dogs Ent. hirae was found almost as often as Ent. faecalis. Most Ent.faecium strains from dog tonsils differed from those associated with humans and other animals in that they fermented sorbitol. Typical Ent. avium as well as atypical Ent. avium -like strains were seen in dogs, while the related species Ent. raffinosus was associated with cat tonsils. Enterococcus cecorum also occurred mainly in cats. Certain atypical strains, presumptively identified as Ent. cecorum , shared characteristics with Ent. columbae.
The most frequent streptococcal species in tonsils of cats and dogs were Streptococcus suis and Strep. canis. Streptococcus canis and Strep. bovis predominated in anal swabs. The canine Strep. suis differed from the common porcine strains in fermenting mannitol.
Forty-seven of the 288 isolates examined could not be identified or related to known species. The characteristics of two groups of these bacteria, provisionally called 'Ton 31 group' and 'O7 group' are described.     

颧骨颧弓骨折的分类及诊治

颧骨颧弓骨折是最常见的面中部骨折之一,迄今为止,在其分类及诊治的选择上仍然存在一定争议,本文对目前颧骨颧弓骨折的分类及诊治的现状和进展作一综述,以期对临床工作提供参考。     

Molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia and assessment of zoonotic transmission

The molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is essential for accurately identifying organisms and assessing zoonotic transmission. Results of recent molecular epidemiological studies strongly suggest that zoonotic transmission plays an important role in cryptosporidiosis epidemiology. In such cases the most prevalent zoonotic species is Cryptosporidium parvum. Genotyping and subtyping data suggest that zoonotic transmission is not as prevalent in the epidemiology of giardiasis. Molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is a relatively recent application that is evolving as new genes are found that increase the accuracy of identification while discovering a greater diversity of species and yet unnamed taxa within these two important genera. As molecular data accumulate, our understanding of the role of zoonotic transmission in epidemiology and clinical manifestations is becoming clearer.