商用跨临界CO2水-水热泵热水器系统特性试验研究

设计并搭建了带回热器的商用跨临界CO2水-水热泵热水器试验系统,并依据相应的国家标准对试验系统进行了多个工况的循环性能试验研究.试验结果表明,名义工况下出水温度85℃时制热COPh值为2.82,最大负荷工况下出水温度65℃时制热COPh值为3.68.冷却水进水温度越高,系统效率越低.同时试验结果表明, CO2作为制冷剂在热泵热水器的应用中更具有优势.     

跨临界CO_2热泵系统变工况性能的试验研究

为研究CO_2在热泵领域的应用,本文通过搭建跨临界CO_2热泵系统实验台,对其在变工况条件下的性能进行研究和分析,找出热泵系统性能系数最佳的工况条件,为跨临界CO_2热泵系统推向市场化提供试验依据。试验结果表明:当出水温度tter,w超过50℃时,随着热泵系统的高压压力Pcond升高,系统的性能系数(COPH)呈现先升高后降低的特点,有一个峰值,该峰值所对应的高压压力就是最优高压压力Popt;且蒸发温度tev越高,热泵系统的COPH也随之升高。     

涡流分离热气体再加热的CO_2热泵系统的分析

对涡流分离热气体再加热的CO2热泵系统进行热力性能分析,并与相同运行工况下的节流降压CO2热泵系统的性能进行了对比,得出涡流分离热气体再加热的CO2热泵系统存在最优的高压压力,在最优的高压压力下,系统获得最大的制热性能系数。提高分离热气体质量比、中间压力、蒸发温度、涡流管制热效应,降低气体冷却器出口温度,涡流分离热气体再加热的CO2热泵系统的制热性能系数提高。随着热气体质量比的增加和气体冷却器出口温度的升高,涡流分离热气体再加热的CO2热泵系统最优的气体冷却器出口压力也升高。在热气体质量比仅为0.2时,涡流分离热气体再加热的CO2热泵系统相比节流降压CO2热泵系统,最佳的制热性能系数提高11%。随着热气体质量比的增加,差值会进一步增大。气体冷却器出口温度的升高,对涡流分离热气体再加热的CO2热泵系统制热性能系数的影响要小于对节流降压CO2热泵系统的制热性能系数的影响。     

跨临界CO2热泵空气加热系统试验研究

介绍了一种新型商用跨临界CO2热泵空气干燥系统.首先建立了热泵干燥系统所需的翅片式气冷器的物理和数学模型,对气冷器的换热面积进行了计算,同时根据超临界状态下CO2放热特性对气冷器的结构进行设计.在此基础上,建立了跨临界CO2热泵空气干燥系统,并对该系统进行了性能试验研究.试验结果表明,该系统可将常温空气“一次性”加热到100℃,此种工况下空气流量为2.26 m3/h,系统性能系数COP为3.80.     

排风余热回收型热泵热水器动态性能实验研究

提出了一种新型热泵热水器机组,利用浴室排风余热作为热源,通过热泵循环提高其能源品位后用于加热生活用水,并对其动态性能进行了实验研究.排风余热回收型热泵热水器全套装置全部置于室内,避免了空气源热泵机组在冬季工况下运行时室外换热器的结霜问题及热泵系统一年四季工况变化造成的压缩机压比过大、系统性能系数(COP)降低等问题,可在任何外界气候条件下高效稳定工作,且对浴室环境温度没有影响.实验结果表明,实验热泵热水器样机可在45 min内将85 kg水从18 ℃加热至出水温度50 ℃;当水箱出水温度在33～40 ℃时性能系数达到最大值为3.4,整个加热过程中的平均性能系数为3.15,平均耗功率为800 W.同时,实验发现冷凝盘管制冷剂上进下出布置方式可使水箱中水温产生严重的分层效应,从而产生较大的制冷剂过冷度,对于实验样机最大过冷度可达28 ℃.     

跨临界CO_2热泵系统性能的试验性研究

为提高跨临界CO2热泵热水机的效率,通过搭建跨临界CO2热泵系统试验台,研究其性能,并找出其运行规律。试验结果表明:当终止水温度恒定,在某一蒸发温度下,热泵系统的制热量随着高压侧压力的升高先升高后降低,系统的COP存在一个最大值,即存在一个最优高压侧压力Popt;蒸发温度越高,系统的COP越高;同轴套管式换热器的内管用螺旋管代替圆管后,系统运行更加稳定,COP也有提高。     

带回热器的跨临界CO_2制冷系统的试验研究

为了提高跨临界CO2制冷系统的性能,搭建了跨临界CO2制冷系统试验台,对带有回热器(IHX)和不带回热器的两种跨临界CO2制冷系统进行了研究。研究结果表明:在某一蒸发温度下,当冷却水出口温度为55℃的时候,系统的性能系数随着高压侧压力的升高呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,存在一个最大值;回热器可以提高系统的性能,带回热器的制冷系统的性能系数要比不带回热器的制冷系统的性能系数高约6%～10.5%。     

直流变频跨临界CO2热泵热水器的性能试验研究

在应对全球变暖,高效环保工质的替代研究中,跨临界CO2循环得到了重视.本文搭建了直流变频空气源CO2热泵热水系统实验装置;在最佳充注量0.880kg工况下,分别通过改变压缩机频率、电子膨胀阀开度、水流量来研究了该机组的性能.结果表明:该机组能产生65℃以上高温热水;其相应高压压力达9.5MPa以上,机组处于跨临界运行.在合理匹配压缩机频率、气冷器进水流量和电子膨胀阀开度等参数的基础上,可使机组高效运行,实现节能减排的目标.     

CO2-NH3压缩/喷射复叠循环理论研究

为利用CO2跨临界循环气体冷却器放热段较大的温度滑移,减小节流部分的膨胀功损失,提高系统性能,可在制冷系统中利用CO2跨临界循环与NH3喷射循环复合实现压缩／喷射复叠式系统。在对系统进行热力学分析的基础上,建立了相应的模型。计算结果表明：NH3循环喷射器引射流体温度和出口的冷凝温度对引射系数影响很大,在较高引射流体温度和较低冷凝温度下,CO2跨临界压缩／喷射制冷循环可以得到较高的循环性能。在较低CO2跨临界循环蒸发温度和压缩机效率时,此循环相对基本循环有明显优势。降低发生器温差也是提高循环性能的途径之一。     

CO_2跨临界循环和氟利昂制冷剂循环性能分析

本文以R134a、R290和CO2制冷剂为研究对象,分别对三种单、双级循环的性能进行对比。结果表明,随蒸发温度增加、压缩机效率升高和冷凝器出口温度降低,所有循环性能均提高,单级CO2循环存在最优排气压力;用膨胀机代替节流阀可以显著提高CO2跨临界循环COP;低压级压缩机的效率比高压级压缩机对系统性能影响明显。双级循环中,CO2循环最优中间压力远高于其它两种循环。本研究为高效、节能的空调和热泵产品开发提供基础资料。     

旋转压缩机内润滑油分布的模拟

压缩机内润滑油分布对压缩机性能有一定影响,但由于滚动转子式压缩机的全封闭性,对观察其内的润滑油的流动状况就造成了一定的困难,因此本文利用CFD商业软件STAR-CD,采用拉格朗日法模拟滚动转子式压缩机内润滑油的分布情况。同时还计算出了高转速下旋转式变频压缩机的油循环率(OCR)的大小,压缩机的电机各个部分的油滴数量、逃逸油滴数量及质量百分比等随曲轴角度的变化情况。计算结果表明冷媒及润滑油通过定子通孔和转子气隙流到电机上部,上升不是直线上升,而是随转子转动呈螺旋式上升。在高转速下,压缩机油循环率(OCR)较高且处于波动状态。     

直线压缩机油泵系统仿真与实验研究

直线压缩机是一种新型的高效压缩机,传统的供油机构已经不再适用,为了开发新型供油系统,对一种利用压缩机机体振动来供油的油泵系统进行了仿真和实验研究.研究结果表明：这种油泵系统是行之有效的,其泵油量随机体振幅及振动频率的增大而增大;当机体振动一定时,泵油量随油泵固有频率的增大而减小,并未发生共振现象;系统阻尼与润滑油粘度有关,减小润滑油粘度可增加油泵系统的泵油量及效率;油泵的功耗影响着直线压缩机的效率,通过减小泵油高度、输油管道长度及壁面粗糙度,优化吸排油腔设计,以减小油泵功耗,从而提高直线压缩机效率.该油泵系统具有结构简单,体积小,效率高等特点,完全可以满足直线压缩机的需求.     

Numerical study on the range enhancement of a centrifugal compressor with a ring groove system

A numerical study of casing treatments on a centrifugal compressor to improve stability and stall margin is presented. High efficiency, high pressure ratio, and a wide operating range are required for a high-performance centrifugal compressor. A ring groove casing treatment is effective for flow range enhancement in centrifugal compressors. Compressor performance was analyzed according to the ring groove location, and the results were compared with the case without a ring groove. The effect of guide vanes in the ring groove was also investigated. Four variants of grooves were modeled and simulated using computational fluid dynamics to optimize the groove location. Numerical analysis was performed using a commercial code ANSYS-CFX program. The simulation results showed that the ring groove increased the operating range of the compressor. The ring groove with guide vanes improved both performance of the compressor at low flow rates and the stall margin of the compressor.     

A numerical study on oil retention and migration characteristics in the heat pump system

In HVAC system, the oil circulation is inevitable because the compressor requires the oil for lubrication and sealing. A small portion of the oil circulates with the refrigerant flow through the system components while most of the oil stays or goes back to the compressor. Because oil retention in refrigeration systems can affect system performance and compressor reliability, proper oil management is necessary in order to improve the compressor reliability and increase the overall efficiency of the system. This paper describes a numerical analysis of oil distribution in each component of the commercial air conditioning system including the suction line, discharge line and heat exchanger. In this study, system modeling was conducted for a compressor, discharge line, condenser, expansion valve, evaporator and suction line. Oil separation characteristics of the compressor were taken from the information provided by manufacturer. The working fluid in the system was a mixture of a R-410A refrigerant and PVE oil. When the oil mass fraction (OMF) was assumed, oil mass distribution in each component was obtained under various conditions. The total oil hold-up was also investigated, and the suction line contained the largest oil hold-up per unit length of all components. This paper was presented at the 7th JSME-KSME Thermal and Fluids Engineering Conference, Sapporo, Japan, October 2008. Min Soo Kim received his B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degree at Seoul National University, Korea in 1985, 1987, and 1991, respectively. After Ph.D. degree, Prof. Kim worked at National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in U.S.A. for about three years. He is currently a professor at the School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering of Seoul National University, Korea. Jong Won Choi received B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Korea University in Seoul, Korea, in 2004, and then received M.S. degrees from Seoul National University in 2006. He is currently a student in Ph.D. course at the School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering of Seoul National University in Seoul, Korea. His research interests include refrigeration system, micro-fluidic devices, and PEM fuel cell as an alternative energy for next generation. Mo Se Kim received B.S. degree in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering from Seoul National University in Seoul, Korea, in 2007. He is currently a student in M.S. course at the School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering of Seoul National University in Seoul, Korea. He had studied on the oil migration in the heat pump system, and now he studies on the refrigeration system using an ejector. Baik-Young Chung received his B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Inha University, Korea in 1984, 1986, and 2001, respectively. He is currently a research fellow of HAC Research Center at LG Electronics. He is responsible for the commercial air conditioner group. Sai-Kee Oh received B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Seoul National University, Korea in 1989, and then received M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from KAIST, Korea in 1991 and 1997, respectively. He is currently a principal research engineer of HAC Research Center at LG Electronics. He is responsible for the residential air conditioner group. Jeong-Seob Shin received B.S. degree in Machine Design and Production Engineering from Hanyang University, Korea in 1988, M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from KAIST, Korea in 1991, and Ph.D. degree in Mechanical Engineering from POSTECH, Korea in 2004. He has joined HAC Research Center at LG Electronics since 2006 as a principal research engineer.     

增压器压气机流动分析与全工况优化

对某涡轮增压器的压气机进行了整机数值模拟与流动分析,发现其内部流动效率低,工作范围窄,扩压器内存在的一个较大旋涡造成了大量流动损失。针对以上问题,本文应用商业设计软件对该压气机进行重新设计,并通过三维CFD软件对多种设计方案进行检验计算,最终得到较优的设计结果。最终设计得到的离心压气机在设计点的各项性能参数均达到了设计要求,压气机内部流场得到了很大改善,整机流动效率提高了4.09%,并且在设计转速下具有更为宽广的稳定工作范围。设计结果表明,叶轮子午流道转弯半径对叶轮内部流动影响显著。     

废油再生装置冷却设备涡旋压缩机结构参数优化

涡旋压缩机结构参数直接影响到润滑油分子蒸馏再生装备的效率。以基于泛函通用涡旋型线构成的变壁厚涡旋盘为研究对象,建立了以能效比为目标函数的结构参数优化模型。分析了涡旋压缩机压缩过程中由排气容积变化引起的热能变化及能效比变化。以能效比为目标函数,以涡旋盘结构参数及型线方程为变量,利用遗传算法得到能效比最优化时的变量。给出具体算例,并与等壁厚的涡旋型线构成的压缩机进行性能比较,得知前者更优。基于泛函的通用涡旋型线为涡旋压缩机型线设计拓展了思路。     

小型制冷压缩机排油量测试方法的研究

制冷系统的循环工质中含有压缩机润滑油将对系统的传热和制冷效率产生影响。针对压缩机润滑油排油量的测量问题提出一种新的测试方法。该方法基于压缩机工作模拟工况和过程,采用二级加热油气分离,在线连续在一定周期内分离、测量制冷系统含油量,从而实现对压缩机润滑油排油量的测量。     

A high speed and compact system for profile measurement of scroll compressors

Profile measurement of a scroll compressor is important for improving compression efficiency. This paper describes the height profile measurement of a scroll compressor in the manufacturing line using a prototype measurement system. A commercial CMM is also employed for comparison. The measurement repeatability of the height profile by the prototype measurement system is approximately ±1 μm, which satisfies the requirements from the manufacturing line. Through compensation of the tilt component, result of the prototype measurement system is in good agreement with that of the commercial CMM.     

分流叶片对离心压缩机性能影响的数值分析

以一种高压比离心式空气压缩机为研究对象,主要针对不同的分流叶片长度,采用商用软件ANSYS-CFX 对其叶轮内部三维流场进行数值模拟计算。计算结果表明,应用分流叶片可以不同程度提升该压缩机的整体性能,最大可提高效率2%以上。通过对比各计算结果的熵分布云图,分析了分流叶片长度对压缩机性能造成影响的原因。     

离心压缩机排气蜗壳内部流动分析与优化

利用计算流体动力学专业软件NUMECA对某离心压缩机末级流场(包括闭式叶轮、无叶扩压器、排气蜗壳)进行三维粘性流动的数值计算分析.以计算结果为依据,对等宽变高式排气蜗壳进行了优化设计,末级效率提高约4.5%.将改进方法用于另一台压缩机组的末级排气蜗壳,末级效率同样提高4.5%,由此总结出"焊接式排气蜗壳气动设计规范",并将其应用于另一类典型的焊接式排气蜗壳--等高变宽式排气蜗壳的优化设计,末级效率提高约3%.大量的数值试验证明,所提出的设计方法具有很好的通用性,可以推广应用于所有的焊接式排气蜗壳设计.