硬质合金可转位浅孔钻优化设计及CAD原型系统研究

以提高浅孔钻加工性能、促进浅孔钻批量化生产为目标,对刀体上装有两个等边不等角六边形硬质合金可转位刀片的浅孔钻进行研究。采用向量矩阵法建立切削部分几何模型;采用经典斜角切削理论和经验公式相结合的方法建立浅孔钻的力学模型;基于上述数学模型,以径向合力与扭矩最小为优化目标建立优化程序;在给定已知条件下求出不同切削用量、不同直径条件下的浅孔钻内、外刀片的最优空间位置,并进行分析;最后,基于理论分析与实验数据,建立可转位浅孔钻的参数化CAD原型系统。     

可转位浅孔钻的设计与应用

通过对力的分析，提出了可转位浅孔钻的设计原则。为保证钻头背向力的平衡，推导出了旋转角β的计算公式。对可转位浅孔钻备组成零件的设计、刀片搭接量的大小、几何参数的选择、冷却方式、切削用量、使用注意事项及加工效果等作了概述。     

基于FEM的可转位浅孔钻钻削应力分析

以安装两片硬质合金刀片的可转位浅孔钻为例,对浅孔钻的刀片所受应力进行了研究。根据内外两个刀片的切削刃在加工中的实际状态,分别对其建立有限元模型,利用Matlab对刀片在优化后稳态加工时有效切削刃的载荷分布进行了多项式拟合,并进行了应力分析;在不同切削用量时对刀片的应力变化情况进行了数值仿真。为浅孔钻结构(主要是刀片槽形)设计、使用的刀片的几何参数的确定,以及加工中切削用量的选用等提供了理论模型和可供参考的结构参数,而且所建立的模型和所采用的研究方法为其它类型的可转位刀具切削力的计算与数值仿真提供了可供借鉴的途径。     

浅孔钻钻削过程中的有限元动态仿真

基于Deform 3D有限元软件平台,采用数值仿真技术,建立了浅孔钻钻削加工45钢的有限元模型。动态模拟了浅孔钻钻削过程,获得了浅孔钻钻削加工过程中变形工件的等效应力和温度,分析预测了加工过程中硬质合金刀具所受的主切削力、径向力以及两刀片所受的扭矩及评估刀片的磨损情况。     

可转位浅孔钻受力分析及试验研究

对可转位浅孔钻进行受力分析,推导内刀片偏置角β计算公式。通过可转位浅孔钻切削试验,分析其切削力和被加工件尺寸随角β的变化趋势,对内刀片偏置角β进行验证。     

浅孔钻三维参数化CAD系统开发与研究

以Visual C 6.0为编程工具,SQL Server2000为数据库平台,Pro/E Wildfire为三维实体建模软件,MATLAB6.0为数学计算软件;开发和探讨了面向对象的可转位浅孔钻三维参数化CAD系统。该系统可根据使用要求计算出刀体上刀片槽最佳的空间位置与刀片的几何参数并输出可转位浅孔钻的三维装配图与各零部件的三维实体图与二维工程图。     

可转位浅孔钻的实体建模及网格划分

可转位浅孔钻内外刀片的径向非对称分布,导致钻削时将会产生径向合力,从而影响被加工孔的质量。为最大限度的减小加工时的径向合力,有效研究浅孔钻钻削过程,需借助有限元软件对其进行三维斜角切削分析。由于浅孔钻结构复杂,为创建有限元分析所需要的几何模型,采用Solid-Works软件建立可转位浅孔钻三维模型,并详细介绍了其建模过程;同时在有限元分析软件ANSYS里对其进行网格划分,为后续浅孔钻的应力、应变等分析做好充分准备工作。     

可转位浅孔钻“非稳态”加工时的力学建模

以刀体上装有两个等边不等角六边形硬质合金可转位刀片的浅孔钻为例,用向量矩阵法分析了可转位浅孔钻的几何参数。根据浅孔钻加工特性划分了各个加工阶段,在建立各阶段数学模型的基础上,采用经典斜角切削理论和经验公式相结合的方法进一步分别建立了浅孔钻“钻入”五个阶段和“钻出”三个阶段的力学模型。为进一步研究浅孔钻所受切削力、切削热以及浅孔钻结构的改进、使用等打下了必要的基础。     

可转位浅孔钻参数优化的数值解法

采用斜角切削理论和试验相结合的方法建立可转位浅孔钻钻削力数值仿真的数学模型。该模型用于研究刀片在刀体上的空间位置参数对钻削力和扭矩的影响,并在给定已知条件下求出经过优化的径向合力为最小的刀片位置参数。     

关于可转位钻头径向合力的探讨

可转位浅孔钻的主要优点是允许采用比其它钻头高得多的进给量和切削速度。但由于其刀片是非对称安装,因此切削时可使机床主轴—轴承系统要承受较大的径向载荷。本文简介了首批试验研究结果,并对装有正方形硬质合金可转位刀片的浅孔钻,指出了克服其缺点可能采取的办法。     

超细TiC0.7N0.3基金属陶瓷的切削性能研究

采用超细TiC0 7N0 3 粉制备了超细金属陶瓷刀片。该刀片加工 9CrSi调质钢时 ,寿命比普通金属陶瓷刀片提高 2～ 3倍 ,切削力小 ,切削轻快 ,被加工表面质量显著提高。讨论了该刀片切削性能改善的机理。     

铸铁加工专用切削刀片的研制与应用

研制开发了用于铸铁切削的系列涂层刀片,介绍了该刀片的设计思路和研制方法,分析了刀片涂层的结构及特点。切削试验和用户试用结果表明,该系列刀片具有优异的切削性能。     

Effects of Cutting Parameters on Tool Insert Wear in End Milling of Titanium Alloy Ti6A14V

Titanium alloy is a kind of typical hard-to-cut material due to its low thermal conductivity and high strength at elevated temperatures, this contributes to the fast tool wear in the milling of titanium alloys. The influence of cutting conditions on tool wear has been focused on the turning process, and their influence on tool wear in milling process as well as the influence of tool wear on cutting force coefficients has not been investigated comprehensively. To fully understand the tool wear behavior in milling process with inserts, the influence of cutting parameters on tool wear in the milling of titanium alloys Ti6Al4 V by using indexable cutters is investigated. The tool wear rate and trends under different feed per tooth, cutting speed, axial depth of cut and radial depth of cut are analyzed. The results show that the feed rate per tooth and the radial depth of cut have a large influence on tool wear in milling Ti6Al4 V with coated insert. To reduce tool wear, cutting parameters for coated inserts under experimental cutting conditions are set as: feed rate per tooth less than 0.07 mm, radial depth of cut less than 1.0 mm, and cutting speed sets between 60 and 150 m/min. Investigation on the relationship between tool wear and cutting force coefficients shows that tangential edge constant increases with tool wear and cutter edge chipping can lead to a great variety of tangential cutting force coefficient. The proposed research provides the basic data for evaluating the machinability of milling Ti6Al4 V alloy with coated inserts, and the recommend cutting parameters can be immediately applied in practical production.     

Effects of cutting parameters on tool insert wear in end milling of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V

Titanium alloy is a kind of typical hard-to-cut material due to its low thermal conductivity and high strength at elevated temperatures, this contributes to the fast tool wear in the milling of titanium alloys. The influence of cutting conditions on tool wear has been focused on the turning process, and their influence on tool wear in milling process as well as the influence of tool wear on cutting force coefficients has not been investigated comprehensively. To fully understand the tool wear behavior in milling process with inserts, the influence of cutting parameters on tool wear in the milling of titanium alloys Ti6Al4V by using indexable cutters is investigated. The tool wear rate and trends under different feed per tooth, cutting speed, axial depth of cut and radial depth of cut are analyzed. The results show that the feed rate per tooth and the radial depth of cut have a large influence on tool wear in milling Ti6Al4V with coated insert. To reduce tool wear, cutting parameters for coated inserts under experimental cutting conditions are set as: feed rate per tooth less than 0.07 mm, radial depth of cut less than 1.0 mm, and cutting speed sets between 60 and 150 m/min. Investigation on the relationship between tool wear and cutting force coefficients shows that tangential edge constant increases with tool wear and cutter edge chipping can lead to a great variety of tangential cutting force coefficient. The proposed research provides the basic data for evaluating the machinability of milling Ti6Al4V alloy with coated inserts, and the recommend cutting parameters can be immediately applied in practical production.     

Study on physical and technological effects of precise turning with self-propelled rotary tool

This study is focused on some physical and technological aspects of a precise turning with Self-Propelled Rotary Tool (SPRT). As part of experiment, the cutting forces, on-line insert run-out and machined surface topography were investigated. Turning tests were carried in the range of variable feeds, depths of cut and cutting speeds for a hardened 41Cr4 steel with the use of a coated carbide round indexable inserts. The effect of cutting conditions on the tool rotation and the dynamics of cutting force signal were evaluated. In particular, changes of cutting forces vs. cutting lengths for different cutting parameters were analyzed in terms of the cutting insert rotation, and Power Spectral Density (PSD) analysis. Moreover, the original method based on cutting force oscillations was employed to estimate the on-line insert run-out. Ultimately, the analysis of a machined surface topography was conducted, considering the interactions between the process inputs and outputs. It was shown that application of high cutting speeds and feeds during SPRT turning can lead to the improvements in surface finish, as well as the stabilization of cutting force values.     

Performance assessment of microwave treated WC insert while turning AISI 1040 steel

This study attributed to post treatment of tungsten carbide (WC) inserts using microwave irradiation. Tungsten carbide inserts were subjected to microwave radiation (2.45 GHz) to enhance its performance in terms of reduction in tool wear rate, cutting force surface roughness and improvement in tool life. Performance of tungsten carbide insert is very much affected by machine operating parameters i.e. speed, feed and depth of cut. An attempt has been made to investigate the effects of machining parameters on microwave treated tool inserts. This paper describes the comparative study of machining performance of untreated and microwave treated WC tool inserts used for turning of AISI 1040 steel. Machining performance has been evaluated in terms of flank wear, cutting force, surface roughness, tool wear mechanisms. Critical examinations of tool wear mechanisms and improvements in metallurgical properties such as microstructural change, phase activation of WC grains were identified using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results obtained from the turning using the microwave treated tool inserts showed a significant reduction tool wear thereby enhancing the surface quality of workpiece.     

不同槽型铣刀片的切削温度场分析

对三种槽型的铣刀片进行了切削温度试验 ,根据切削条件建立了温度场有限元分析的边界条件 ,并对不同槽型铣刀片的三维温度场进行了有限元分析 ,为铣刀片槽型的设计和优选提供了参考依据     

Efficient Chip Breaker Design by Predicting the Chip Breaking Performance

As machining technology develops toward the unmanned and automated system, the need for chip control is considered increasingly important, especially in continuous machining such as in the turning operation. In this study, a systematic chip breaking prediction method is proposed using a 3D cutting model with the equivalent parameter concept. To verify the model, four inserts with different chip breaker parameters were tested and their chip breaking areas were compared with those obtained from the model. Finally, a new type insert (MF1) for medium-finish operations with variable parameters was designed by modifying the commercial one. The chip breaking region predicted by using the modified 3D cutting model for the above insert agrees with the one obtained experimentally. The newly designed insert showed better chip breaking ability than the base model, and other performance tests such as surface roughness, cutting force and tool wear also showed good results.     

Performance evaluation of PVD TIALN coated carbide tools vis-à-vis uncoated carbide tool in turning of titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) by simultaneous minimization of cutting energy,dimensional deviation and tool wear

Titanium alloys are difficult-to-machine materials because of their poor machinability characteristics. Machining and machining performance evaluation for such materials is still a challenge. Individual machining performance indices like cutting forces, cutting energy and tool wear lead to ambiguous understanding. In this work, a Cumulative Performance Index (CPI) is defined which amalgamates non-dimensional forms of specific cutting energy, back force and average principal flank wear in turning. The CPI focuses upon simultaneous minimization of specific cutting energy, dimensional deviation and average principal flank wear. The defined index is then used to evaluate performance of five commercially available physical vapor deposited (PVD) TiAlN coated tungsten carbide/cobalt inserts vis-à-vis uncoated tungsten carbide/cobalt insert in turning of Ti-6Al-4V. Cutting forces were monitored during turning and tool wear was measured after turning experiments. The results showed that the performance of coated inserts was either comparable or poor than uncoated insert; and in no case, coated inserts performed better than uncoated insert. Although commercial recommendations are in place to use PVD coated inserts for enhanced machinability of titanium alloys, the use of coated inserts is not justified keeping in view the energy spent in coating and insignificant improvement in performance.     

Experimental investigations on machinability aspects in finish hard turning of AISI 4340 steel using uncoated and multilayer coated carbide inserts

The present work deals with some machinability studies on flank wear, surface roughness, chip morphology and cutting forces in finish hard turning of AISI 4340 steel using uncoated and multilayer TiN and ZrCN coated carbide inserts at higher cutting speed range. The process has also been justified economically for its effective application in hard turning. Experimental results revealed that multilayer TiN/TiCN/Al₂O₃/TiN coated insert performed better than uncoated and TiN/TiCN/Al₂O₃/ZrCN coated carbide insert being steady growth of flank wear and surface roughness. The tool life for TiN and ZrCN coated carbide inserts was found to be approximately 19 min and 8 min at the extreme cutting conditions tested. Uncoated carbide insert used to cut hardened steel fractured prematurely. Abrasion, chipping and catastrophic failure are the principal wear mechanisms observed during machining. The turning forces (cutting force, thrust force and feed force) are observed to be lower using multilayer coated carbide insert in hard turning compared to uncoated carbide insert. From 1st and 2nd order regression model, 2nd order model explains about 98.3% and 86.3% of the variability of responses (flank wear and surface roughness) in predicting new observations compared to 1st order model and indicates the better fitting of the model with the data for multilayer TiN coated carbide insert. For ZrCN coated carbide insert, 2nd order flank wear model fits well compared to surface roughness model as observed from ANOVA study. The savings in machining costs using multilayer TiN coated insert is 93.4% compared to uncoated carbide and 40% to ZrCN coated carbide inserts respectively in hard machining taking flank wear criteria of 0.3 mm. This shows the economical feasibility of utilizing multilayer TiN coated carbide insert in finish hard turning.