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为了提高龙门2x/y直线进给轴联动的圆轮廓精度,对进给轴联动圆轮廓误差的测量、评价和补偿方法进行研究。分析直线电动机驱动的进给轴联动过程存在圆轮廓偏差的原因及其补偿的复杂性,给出一种基于学习的联动轴圆轮廓误差在线精密补偿方法,此方法通过双光束激光干涉仪动态精密测量x/y联动轴的实时坐标值,应用最小二乘圆方法评价确定理想圆,接着通过与理想圆轴坐标位置的比较,计算得到轴向偏差学习样本,建立基于最小二乘支持矢量回归机(Least square support vector regression,LS-SVR)方法的轴向偏差离线识别模型,通过模型的在线回归计算确定联动进给过程的偏差补偿量,给出补偿量控制输出策略与补偿系统构建方案,在自构建的直线进给轴平台上进行在线补偿试验。结果表明应用该方法对2x/y直线进给轴联动的轴向偏差进行在线补偿,可使圆轮廓精度提高68.7%。 相似文献
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在五轴联动数控机床中,转动轴进给系统的动态精度对轮廓误差的影响是不可忽视的。采用不同空间位置上的外形轮廓,对五轴联动数控机床转动轴的联动运动产生的轮廓误差进行分析。在建立转动轴进给系统模型的基础上,利用刀具位置系统到加工系统的转换得到转动轴指令,通过进给系统动态误差模型得到仿真输出指令,再将输出指令从加工系统转换回刀具位置系统,比较刀具位置的偏差,从而得到轮廓误差。找出轮廓误差点与外形轮廓空间位置之间的对应关系,利用这种关系可快速通过轮廓误差来考察转动轴进给系统的动态性能,为机床快速调整和维修提供一种手段。 相似文献
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为满足两轴直驱伺服进给系统的高精度加工要求,提出一种基于摩擦补偿的自适应非线性滑模轮廓控制(ANSMCC)方法,以兼顾加工精度和响应速度要求。建立适用于大曲率轮廓加工的等效轮廓误差模型,同时考虑系统中存在的不确定性动态的影响,建立准确且能实时补偿的改进LuGre非线性摩擦力动力学模型。为提升两轴直驱伺服进给系统轮廓性能,设计基于非线性滑模面的ANSMCC方法,其中非线性滑模面包含轮廓误差分量,通过改变非线性滑模面中增益矩阵值的大小可实时改变系统的阻尼比,从而协调轮廓误差与系统响应速度的关系。实验结果表明,所提方法可以克服系统运行过程中不确定性动态的影响,准确跟踪大曲率轮廓曲线,提高轮廓加工精度。 相似文献
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文章首先介绍了直线和圆弧的轮廓误差模型,根据磁流变抛光运动特点推出了三轴联动时的轮廓误差模型,并针对该模型提出了三轴联动预补偿交叉耦合轮廓方法,最后进行了仿真及加工实验.仿真结果表明,在跟踪圆弧轮廓时,采用三轴预补偿交叉耦合轮廓控制算法,轮廓误差由0.045mm减小到0.006mm,可见该算法能有效地减小轮廓误差.通过对球面K9光学玻璃进行的磁流变抛光实验,获得了表面粗糙度Ra0.636nm、面形精度P-V值52.14nm的球形表面. 相似文献
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针对刀具两摆的五轴龙门数控铣床,对一转动轴与一平动轴联动及两转动轴联动加工圆弧时的动态轨迹误差分别进行了分析。采用D-H(Denavit-Hartenberg)法对轴的输入的进给指令位置计算公式进行了推导,并将进给指令位置输入到由动态仿真工具Simulink构建的进给伺服系统仿真模型中,得到了圆弧上动态轨迹误差的分布曲线。通过对转动轴联动加工圆弧的动态轨迹误差分析,可为五轴龙门数控铣床转动轴动态误差的检测提供指导,使得机床的检测与调整更加快速和便捷。 相似文献
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五轴数控机床进给系统组成结构复杂,特别是在复杂曲面加工过程中其动态刚度不断发生变化,成为制约其加工精度的主要因素。研究过程中以五轴机床运动产生的弹性变形为出发点,建立了A/C双摆头机床进给系统动力学模型,推导了因进给系统弹性变形导致的轮廓加工误差,并基于一种新型的自由曲面检验试件,给出了其数控加工过程的运动控制策略,分析了轮廓度误差与试件曲率间的关系,得到了数控机床进给系统刚度特性对自由曲面轮廓误差的影响机理,最后在机床上进行了切削验证。上述研究成果有助于完成复杂曲面加工过程中机床工作性能评估,为利用检验试件分析机床动态刚度特性提供了原理性支持。 相似文献
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数控机床空间位置误差的检测及神经网络误差补偿技术 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用平面正交光栅检测三轴加工中心的空间位置误差,建立了机床空间位置误差的数学模型;提出了基于人工神经网络技术的机床空间位置误差补偿方法,并建立了神经网络误差补偿模型。通过误差测量与补偿试验,验证了该方法应用于数控机床误差补偿的可行性。 相似文献
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The existing research of the motion optimization of multi-axis machine tools is mainly based on geometric and kinematic constraints, which aim at obtaining minimum-time trajectories and finding obstacle-free paths. In motion optimization, the stiffness characteristics of the whole machining system, including machine tool and cutter, are not considered. The paper presents a new method to establish a general stiffness model of multi-axis machining system. An analytical stiffness model is established by Jacobi and point transformation matrix method. Based on the stiffness model, feed-direction stiffness index is calculated by the intersection of force ellipsoid and the cutting feed direction at the cutter tip. The stiffness index can help analyze the stiffness performance of the whole machining system in the available workspace. Based on the analysis of the stiffness performance, multi-axis motion optimization along tool paths is accomplished by mixed programming using Matlab and Visual C++. The effectiveness of the motion optimization method is verified by the experimental research about the machining performance of a 7-axis 5-linkage machine tool. The proposed research showed that machining stability and production efficiency can be improved by multi-axis motion optimization based on the anisotropic force ellipsoid of the whole machining system. 相似文献
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In this study, a novel dynamic contour error compensation technique has been proposed for the elliptical vibration cutting process achieved through the ultra-precision amplitude control. The influence of the contour error, triggered due to the inertial vibrations of the friction-less feed drive system, on the machining accuracy deterioration has been experimentally investigated. In order to reduce the contour error, a compensation method utilizing a real-time amplitude control in the elliptical vibration cutting process has been applied. In the proposed method, the dynamic motion error along the depth of cut direction is detected by utilizing the precise linear encoders installed on the feed drive system. The motion error in real-time is subsequently converted into cancelling amplitude command for the vibration control system of the ultrasonic vibrator, thus, guaranteeing that the envelope of the vibration amplitudes auto-tracks the dynamic reference position of the motion axis in the depth of cut direction. Due to this, a constant nominal depth of cut can be obtained even though the inertial vibrations disturb the feed drive control during machining. A series of experimental investigations have been conducted in order to analyze the machining performance by employing the proposed method. The maximum machining error is observed to significantly decrease from 0.6 to 0.04 μm by applying the proposed compensation method. Finally, the micro dimple array with a structural height from about 200 to 600 nm could be accurately fabricated with a maximum machining error of 36.8 nm, which verified the feasibility of the proposed amplitude control compensation method. 相似文献
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于栋梁 《机械制造与自动化》2022,51(1):56-60
为修正五轴数控机床加工误差,提高五轴数控机床加工质量,提出一种新的五轴数控机床加工误差动态修正方法.构建五轴数控机床加工误差计算模型,获取五轴数控机床加工的刀心方位、刀轴方位轮廓误差;锁定误差方位后,通过五轴数控机床误差的动态实时补偿方法,实现五轴数控机床加工误差动态修正.研究结果表明:所提方法可实现全方位、高效率的五... 相似文献
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Geometric error calibration of multi-axis machines using an auto-alignment laser interferometer 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
This work will report the development and application of an auto-alignment laser interferometer system for the geometric error calibration of CNC multi-axis machines. The system is capable of a diagonal displacement measurement, where multiple machine axes are moved simultaneously, with automatic optic alignment. This capability provides a solution for quick evaluation of the overall volumetric error of a multi-axis machine tool. One application of the system is that the 21 geometric errors of a 3-axis machine can be quickly estimated from the displacement measurements of some determined diagonal lines in the working volume. Compared with a time of several days using a conventional laser interferometer system, it takes only 1 hour for the proposed system to complete the geometry calibration of a 3-axis machine. A method for the roll calibration of a vertical axis is also proposed and demonstrated in this work. 相似文献