一种基于边界缺陷的STL文件修补算法

STL文件广泛应用于快速成形以及其他领域。对大量STL文件进行分析 ,指出STL文件的缺陷集中发生在实体面与面的交界线处 ,有诸如缝隙、重叠、退化面片、拓扑结构错误等缺陷。现将边界错误作为一种类型统一考虑 ,针对他们的共性设计了相应的修补算法 ,指出修复本质在于面与面的缝合问题 ,提高了修复能力和效率。实践证明修补算法稳定可靠     

Development of a Stereolithography File Interface with ArtCAM™

This paper presents the technique used for converting a 3D ArtCAM™ relief file into the stereolithography (STL) format. This 3D file is obtained from a 2D picture using a 3D CNC engraving software called ArtCAM™. The problem is to convert the 3D relief files into an STL format without compromising the accuracy and details of therelief. This paper discusses the size of the files which have been converted, and steps taken to reduce the file size by reducing the number of triangles or facets in the STL file. The discussion involves the verification of the converted model by comparing it with the original relief. The problems associated with the reduction of triangles when the file has been converted to STL format are also discussed.     

STL文件缺陷分析及修补算法研究

STL(Stereolithography)文件是一种三维实体表述文件,广泛应用于快速成型以及其它领域。这里分析了STL文件的规范以及其缺陷特点,给出了不同类型缺陷的修补策略。特别是针对STL文件不含拓扑信息的特点,引进哈希表构造了一种用于表达STL拓扑信息的数据结构,提高了建立拓扑信息的速度以及识别和修补缺陷的效率。本文对最复杂形式的孔-连环孔进行了研究,彻底解决了孔隙的修补问题。实践证明该修补算法稳定可靠。     

STL文件修补算法研究

:STL文件在计算机辅助设计领域中得到广泛的应用 ,如快速原型制造系统与CAD系统之间的数据交换接口。但是 ,STL文件本身及其创建过程均存在许多问题 ,如裂缝、孔洞、覆盖等。这些缺陷会给后续处理带来许多不便。针对这个问题 ,本文提出了一种 STL文件的修补算法。该算法首先建立三角片之间的拓扑关系 ,然后检查三角片模型是否存在上述缺陷 ,如果存在 ,则对其进行修补。该算法已在“超人CAD/CAM”系统中实现 ,算法稳定可靠 ,且对上述缺陷 ,基本能正确有效地进行检测与修补     

面向快速成型制造的CAD平台内嵌式通用接口

面向快速成型设备的CAD平台中的内嵌式通用接口，可直接在CAD建模环境下零件模型实施自适应直接切片操作，同时生成以片层结构数据为单位的快速成型接口文件，该接口使用NURBS曲线对各截面的片层结构轮廓进行精确地解析重构；依据重构后的NURBS截面轮廓，自动填充功能可精确地生成快速成型设备的X，Y向栅线扫描路径。实验数据表明，与利用STL模型切片获得的得的多义线轮廓对比，经NURBS解析重构后的自适应直接切片轮廓与原始轮廓间的拟合误差降低98％以上，所需的NURBS线段数目减少77％以上。     

Parasolid数据的STL变换研究

为满足CAD软件与快速成形领域的数据交换需要,提出了一种Parasolid数据的STL变换方法。利用Parasolid建模核心的PK-TOPOL-facet()函数将Parasolid模型按STL文件规则进行三角网格化,通过返回的拓扑信息构建三角面片与它的顶点和法向量的拓扑关系,并由此生成了STL文件。应用实例和Solidworks软件诊断表明,采用该方法可以将Parasolid文件变换为STL文件,生成的STL模型中无错误面和缝隙存在。     

基于VC和OpenGL的STL文件的分层和显示

STL文件是快速成型系统的标准文件类型,广泛应用于数控加工、逆向工程和有限元分析等.详细介绍了STL文件的读取和分层算法,并利用VC＋＋6.0平台结合OpenGL编程技术,实现了STL文件格式的读取、分层算法以及STL模型的三维显示、视角变换、缩放、平移和分层显示等功能.为进一步实现数控系统直接使用STL文件进行加工奠定了基础.     

分割巨型STL格式形体文件的关键技术

为了避免巨型ＳＴＬ格式文件的读入错误和手工粘接带来的误差,研究了沿垂直于Ｚ向将巨型ＳＴＬ格式文件分割成多个ＳＴＬ格式,连续依次成形的方法,研究了分割面轮廓的拓扑自理和分割的轮廓为三角形的算法。     

基于STL文件的变密度三维全六面体网格自动生成方法

针对STL文件在传递复杂几何实体模型信息方面具有精度较高的特点，提出了一种基于STL文件变密度三维全六面体网格自动生成方法，给出了STL文件的数据格式及其内容约定，详细阐述了基于STL文件空间CAE模型表面特征自动识别、拓扑关系的生成和变密度栅格法加密信息场的建立等关键技术。实现了在实体模型表面曲率较大和厚度较小的局部区域进行协调加密，可以获得与实体模型边界吻合良好的全六面体协调网格，适合于工程问题的有限元分析计算。若干复杂实体模型算例表明，该算法实用性强，效果良好。     

基于自由曲面点云的快速原型制作技术研究

针对不附加任何拓扑和几何信息的云状数据三维重建问题,提出了对点云直接进行分层处理快速制作原型的新方法。在对点集进行空间结构划分的基础上,采用最小距离关联点对方法提取层面轮廓线数据,并对其加以匀化和精整从而直接生成快速成形机的层片接口文件,避免了常规方法存在的耗时和需要很高的造型技巧等不足,而且片面的错误校验与修补等繁琐工作也将不再进行,提高了快速成形前处理的效率,非常适合分层实体制造(LOM)等成形工艺。     

3D打印制件外轮廓线的自适应分层算法研究

针对3D打印三维模型直接转换成STL文件进行切片分层处理过程中,存在模型表面信息缺失、打印精度不高等问题,提出了面向3D打印制件外轮廓线的自适应分层算法。该算法利用Z轴方向特征曲线的方法得到打印制件外轮廓曲线,采用微元思想对模型分段处理,确定打印方向与外轮廓切线夹角的关系,运用概率统计、叠加求和等数学理论求出每一层切片的自适应分层方法。通过实例打印表明,该算法减少了转换成STL文件时的信息缺失,提高了3D打印的精度与效率。     

Adaptive direct slicing of a commercial CAD model for use in rapid prototyping

Slicing a 3D graphic model into layers of 2D contour plots is an essential step for all rapid prototyping (RP) machines. Various methods are available, such as stereo lithography (STL) file slicing, direct slicing and adaptive direct slicing. Amongst these, adaptive direct slicing is the most advanced for its capability of adapting the slicing thickness according to the curvature of any contour. In this study, an adaptive direct slicing method complete with the algorithm for calculating the thickness of each layer is proposed. As an illustration of the method, the algorithm was programmed within the commercial CAD software package, PowerSHAPE. The method was shown to be fast and accurate in comparison with STL file slicing and direct slicing, which both used a constant layer thickness. An erratum to this article can be found at     

海量STL文件的快速读取与显示

STL文件作为一种通用的三维数据文件格式,广泛应用于快速成型及其他领域。如何快速读取海量数据的STL文件并显示,是模型后续操作的一个首要环节。本文针对海量数据的特点,采用内存映射手段、基于哈希表结构的冗余顶点删除和OpenGL中显示列表技术等,对海量STL文件的快速读取和显示进行了研究,并和国外先进软件进行了比较,实验数据表明本文方法较Surfacer软件和Rap idForm软件提高效率25%~40%左右。     

一种基于STEP的CAD模型直接分层方法

提出了一种基于产品模型数据交换标准的3维计算机辅助设计实体模型直接分层方法,零件的原始计算机辅助设计模型以产品模型数据交换标准中性文件的格式输入分层系统,系统提取其几何拓扑信息并重建计算机内部几何模型。用户选择零件的制作方向并指定分层厚度后,系统自动对计算机辅助设计模型进行直接分层,分层结果可直接送到各种快速成型系统加工。基于产品模型数据交换标准的计算机辅助设计模型直接分层不依赖任何特定的计算机辅助设计系统,通用性、灵活性好,而且产品模型数据交换标准文件的数据量大大小于STL文件,有利于网络化设计与制造环境下的数据传输与交换。     

Identifying the directions of a set of 2D contours for additive manufacturing process planning

Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a process in which material is added layer by layer to build a physical part. In AM process planning, a stack of 2D closed contours is obtained when a 3D stereolithography (STL) model is sliced. Each slice may have a set of closed contours or polygons, each of which needs to be classified (oriented) as internal (clockwise) or external (counterclockwise) to identify where material should be added. This is not a straightforward task as the STL format does not ensure correct surface orientation of the 3D model. This work describes two methods for identifying the direction of each contour in a set, i.e., for sorting them into internal and external contours. Three alternative tests to check whether a point is inside or outside a polygon were evaluated. The tests are based on the ray-tracing principle and the classical point-in-polygon test. The proposed algorithms were devised and implemented in an AM process planning system. The methods were validated using 3D models with a variety of geometries, and the computing time for the alternative tests was compared. The results showed that the method based on the point-in-polygon tests has some advantages.     

ADAPTIVE LAYERED CARTESIAN CUT CELL METHOD FOR THE UNSTRUCTURED HEXAHEDRAL GRIDS GENERATION

Adaptive layered Cartesian cut cell method is presented to solve the difficulty of the unstructured hexahedral anisotropic Cartesian grids generation from the complex CAD model. Vertex merging algorithm based on relaxed AVL tree is investigated to construct topological structure for stereo lithography (STL) files,and a topology-based self-adaptive layered slicing algorithm with special features control strategy is brought forward. With the help of convex hull,a new points-in-polygon method is employed to improve the Cartesian cut cell method. By integrating the self-adaptive layered slicing algorithm and the improved Cartesian cut cell method,the adaptive layered Cartesian cut cell method gains the volume data of the complex CAD model in STL file and generates the unstructured hexahedral anisotropic Cartesian grids.     

Enhanced STL

STL format is widely used as a de facto industry standard in the rapid prototyping industry due to its simplicity and robustness. However, on account of its shortcomings and inadequacy in applications, many interface alternatives have been brought forward. In this paper, a new scheme is proposed to enhance the approximation accuracy and to extend functions of STL by means of introducing additional feature and attribute codes into STL format. The geometry feature code describes a tetrahedron based on the STL triangular facet, which provides better approximation to the object surface covering. The attribute code attaches attributes of object surfaces such as colours and markers to STL triangular facets. Moreover, the enhanced STL also shares the structure of binary STL format by filling feature and attribute codes into its blanks, and therefore is compatible with STL. Compared with STL, the enhanced STL provides not only higher accuracy with the same file size and compatible format, but also colour and marker functions for rapid prototyping.     

快速成形领域中的直接切片研究

对比了直接切片文件与STL文件各自的优缺点，介绍了CLI、SLC等多种直接切片文件格式，提出采用英国Delcam公司的PIC文件作为直接切片数据描述格式的方案。实际制件应用中发现，PIC文件采用直线、圆锥曲线、三次Bezier曲线描述2维截面轮廓，在精度、文件大小、处理时间等方面都优于线性近似描述格式。