Analyses of Drill Flute and Cutting Angles

The analysis of drill cutting angles is important for the design of high-performance drill geometry. The cutting angles along the cutting edge of a drill are determined by the combination of its flute and flank surfaces. This paper examines the analysis of both flute and flank surface models and the evaluation of drill cutting angles. A new mathematical model for an arbitrary drill flute face is developed by sweeping the polynomial representation of the flute cross-sectional curve along the drill axis, with a helical movement. On the basis of the quadratic flank face, a relationship between the grinding and the geometrical design parameters of the flank face is also established. The vector analysis method is employed for the analysis of the cutting angles for various drill geometries. A comparison of the analytical results with the actual measured cutting angles of an example drill has shown that the average error is less than 5%.     

虚拟产品设计在高扭转刚度异形截面麻花钻几何角度研究中的应用

应用虚拟技术在UG中对标准麻花钻和高扭转刚度异形截面麻花钻建立了三维模型,得出了异形截面麻花钻的一些主要几何角度。此法可用于对其它复杂刀具几何角度的研究。     

基于ALGORFEAS的钻头有限元模型

利用有限元软件ALGORFEAS构建出具有复杂截面几何特性的钻头三维有限元模型。与以往将钻头看作均匀等截面圆柱体而忽略了螺旋槽和头部锥面的钻头模型相比 ,该有限元模型更接近于钻头的真实形状 ,更有利于对钻削过程中钻头的动力学特性进行深入研究。     

二次曲面钻头几何角度的统一模型

以麻花钻前后刀面的数学模型为基础，建立了二次曲面后刀面麻花钻各几何要素的平面像图；应用平面表像法，将麻花钻上复杂的空间角度计算问题转化为平面上的非欧距离和非欧夹角的计算问题，从而大大简化了计算分析的难度；建立了麻花钻切削角度与结构和刃磨参数关系的统一计算模型，为麻花钻的结构和刃磨参数的分析和优化设计提供了一种新的建模方法。     

基于Pro/E标准麻花钻实体模型的建立与测量

根据前刀面的形成运动原理建立前刀面数学模型,使其符合三维软件Pro/E用曲线方程绘制前刀面截形的参数变量要求,实现简单、可靠、准确构造麻花钻前刀面截形,并为制造和刃磨后的主切削刃为直线刃提供理论依据;鉴于麻花钻槽型的加工过程和钻心厚度的变化对麻花钻刚度的影响,麻花钻的建模还考虑到钻心厚度的变化,建立符合实际生产和应用的标准麻花钻模型,并对主要几何角度进行测量,为进一步提高麻花钻的制造精度和刃磨精度以及实现数字化制造奠定基础。     

基于Pro/E的直柄麻花钻三维建模及结构参数表述

文中介绍了利用三维软件Pro/E进行直柄麻花钻的三维实体建模过程,描述了麻花钻的基本结构,详细阐述了麻花钻的建模原理,并在模型基础上对麻花钻结构参数进行了表述。     

麻花钻的数学建模及钻削过程有限元分析

为预测麻花钻的几何参数及钻削用量对钻削力和钻削温度的影响,通过对标准麻花钻的几何造型及锥面磨法的研究,用UG做了3D实体模型,基于Deform3D建立了有限元模型,并对钻削过程的钻削力和钻削温度的分布做了仿真研究。结果表明,扭矩、轴向力和切削温度均随麻花钻的直径增加而增大,随进给量的减小而降低。     

Drill point geometry of multi-flute drills

This paper presents a comprehensive mathematical model for analysis of the geometries of conical, hyperboloidal, and ellipsoidal drills. The proposed method includes three particular features. The first is that a rotational disk-type abrasive wheel is modeled by revolution geometry, thus allowing for the normal and tangent vectors of an abrasive wheel to be obtained explicitly. Consequently, the tangent and normal vectors along the cutting edges and chisel edges of the produced drill can be obtained. The second feature is the ability of the model to determine and express drill geometries and characteristics (semi-point angle, tool cutting edge inclination, chisel angle, normal rake angle and normal clearance angle) according to all current international standards. Thirdly, the drill’s working geometries are investigated by taking the effect of feed motion into consideration. We found that cutting edge geometry can be studied without significant error even though we neglect the effect of feed. The chisel edge working geometry shows greater variation than tool geometry. Consequently, the effect of feed must be taken into consideration when studying chisel edge action during drilling operation.     

Drill point geometry of multi-flute drills

This paper presents a comprehensive mathematical model for analysis of the geometries of conical, hyperboloidal, and ellipsoidal drills. The proposed method includes three particular features. The first is that a rotational disk-type abrasive wheel is modeled by revolution geometry, thus allowing for the normal and tangent vectors of an abrasive wheel to be obtained explicitly. Consequently, the tangent and normal vectors along the cutting edges and chisel edges of the produced drill can be obtained. The second feature is the ability of the model to determine and express drill geometries and characteristics (semi-point angle, tool cutting edge inclination, chisel angle, normal rake angle and normal clearance angle) according to all current international standards. Thirdly, the drill’s working geometries are investigated by taking the effect of feed motion into consideration. We found that cutting edge geometry can be studied without significant error even though we neglect the effect of feed. The chisel edge working geometry shows greater variation than tool geometry. Consequently, the effect of feed must be taken into consideration when studying chisel edge action during drilling operation.     

非接触式钻头几何形状激光测量仪设计

麻花钻是种类繁多形状复杂的切削工具.精确测量钻头的几何形状是钻头设计及改进其切削性能的基础.为了满足先进加工技术的需求,近年来,有许多基于CCD图像采集元件开发的非接触钻头几何形状测量仪的研究.但是这些测量仪并不适合三维曲面的测量,特别是像钻头的螺旋槽和后刀面形状特性的测量.为了解决钻头复杂曲面的测量问题,开发了机遇激光传感器的三维钻头几何形状测量仪.介绍该测量仪的结构组成,并且详细介绍钻头几何角度测量及误差补偿的方法,测量结果与已知数据基本吻合.从理论上证明这种测量仪器及测量方法的测量精度能够满足钻头测量的需要.     

双曲面麻花钻成形仿真与优化方法研究

提出了用计算机三维仿真的方法求解双曲面麻花钻型的刃磨成形参数与设计参数的关系。该方法能迅速直观地判断在给定一组刃磨成形参数下原超越方程组的解,可以具体分析该钻型主切削刃和横刃上的刀具角度值,反过来优化钻型的成形参数     

微小孔钻削过程轴向力和扭矩的模拟研究

对微小孔标准麻花钻钻削力进行研究,采用UG的驱动方程曲线功能建立微小孔标准麻花钻并测量相关角度,建立钻削过程的简化模型;利用金属成型有限元仿真专用软件DEFORM 3D对微小孔钻削过程的轴向力和扭矩进行了研究。将仿真结果与传统经验公式及实验数据进行了对比,结果表明：DEFORM分析的简化模型结果表明加宽后的横刃对钻削过程中轴向力的贡献远远大于经验数据,该简化模型在仿真结果的准确性上优于经验公式,更接近于实际情况。     

基于UG的标准直柄麻花钻三维实体建模

利用麻花钻直线刃圆锥面刃磨法的数学模型,介绍了在UG环境下,根据标准直柄麻花钻的相关几何参数和制造参数,探讨和研究了利用此种刃磨法的数学模型,进行麻花钻三维实体建模的详细方法。     

基于UG的麻花钻三维建模研究

根据内圆锥面刃磨原理,介绍了在UG环境下麻花钻的三维建模方法,并利用草图与表达式功能实现麻花钻的参数建模,并且在三维模型基础上进行角度测量与翘尾现象分析.     

基于ANSYS的有机玻璃加工用钻头的优化设计

以Pro/E为平台建立了战斗机前挡玻璃加工用钻头的三维参数化模型;经过模型简化等前处理,把所建三维CAD模型转化为有限元模型,利用网格划分技术对钻头进行网格划分和单元属性定义,最后施加约束条件进行有限元分析求解。通过将该钻头与普通麻花钻进行分析比较,为钻头的优化设计提供了参考。     

基于ALGOR的麻花钻受力有限元分析

以UG为平台创建标准麻花钻钻头三维模型,经过模型的简化,把所建三维CAD模型转化为有限元模型。利用网格划分技术对钻头进行网格划分和单元属性定义,最后施加约束条件进行有限元分析求解。找出应力集中处,可为提高钻头的切削性能和耐用度的研究提供依据。对优化钻头结构参数、改进钻头结构具有重要意义。     

3D manufacturing tolerancing with probing of a local work coordinate system

The safety and performance requirements for mechanisms are such that the necessary accuracy of part geometry is difficult to reach using classical manufacturing processes. This paper proposes a manufacturing tolerance stack-up method based on the analysis line method. This technique enables both the analysis and the synthesis of ISO manufacturing specifications through a new approach which relies on production specifications, adjustment specifications, and their analysis to stack up the 3D resultant. The originality of the method resides in the 3D calculation for location requirements, which takes into account angular effects and probing operations on numerical-control machine-tools in order to define a local work coordinate system (WCS). For achieving tolerance analysis, deviations are modeled using small-displacement torsor. This tolerance analysis method enables one to determine explicit three-dimensional linear relations between manufacturing tolerances and functional requirements. These relations can be used as constraints for tolerance optimization.     

标准麻花钻螺旋槽的三维建模及虚拟加工的研究

根据标准直柄麻花钻的相关几何参数和加工参数,利用UG软件建立标准麻花钻螺旋槽的三维模型,并模拟螺旋槽的加工过程,得到符合实际情况且合理加工路径,为螺旋槽的实际加工提供参考,并为后续的动力学分析提供帮助.     

Mathematical modeling for the design of a generic custom-engineered form mill

This paper presents a mathematical model for the geometric design of a custom-engineered form milling (CEFM) cutter and develops an accurate 3D surface-based generic definition of the form mill. The proposed geometric definition of the CEFM cutter is developed in terms of biparametric surface patches using newly defined 3D rotational angles rather than the conventional 2D angles. The non-uniform rational B-spline curve fairing and sweep surface approaches are used to design the cutting edge and flank surface, respectively, of the cutter. To validate the methodology, an interface is developed that converts the proposed 3D parametric definition of the cutter into an intermediate neutral CAD format and then renders the cutter model in any CAD modeling environment. The accuracy of the mathematical model is verified by evaluating the deviation plot between the surfaces of the proposed cutter model and the surfaces developed using digitized data of an existing actual CEFM cutter. The satisfactory comparison verifies the shape design methodology for custom cutters presented in this paper. The method described here offers a simple and intuitive way of generating shape design of custom cutters for possible use in machining process simulations, finite element analysis, and other applications.     

麻花钻双曲面刃磨的数学模型及参数方程建立

介绍了以回转双曲面作为麻花钻后刀面的数学模型 ,研究了钻头设计参数与刃磨参数的关系。针对双曲面钻型的特点 ,提出用钻尖主刃的外缘和横刃转点处的锋角作为其设计参数值 ,并以尾隙角为补充参数 ,建立了确定双曲面刃磨参数的一组方程。