精确计算轴承重量的一种方法

利用计算机绘图软件CAD2000或CAD2002绘制轴承零件1：1的平面比例图，建立零件的空间三维模型，然后测量出其精确的体积，根据公式：G=mg=pgv计算出精确的轴承零件及其轴承的重量。     

基于三维CAD数模的现代测量技术

给出了基于三维CAD数模的现代测量系统构架,CAD设计产生的零件三维数模导入测量软件,基于导入的CAD数模产生测量路径,生成DMIS自动测量程序给三座标测量机,无需测量机、工程图和实物零件,实现零件测量编程和零件制造的并行工程。以CAD数模为核心的现代测量技术,在高效数模自动编程、自由形状轮廓曲面测量、制造质量检验等方面均有应用。     

基于图像处理的激光扫描三维尺寸测量技术的研究

发动机气缸垫精确三维尺寸的获得是气缸垫质量检验及其样品反向工程的关键。介绍了一种用于发动机气缸垫及其类似的大尺寸平面薄板状零件测量的基于图像处理的激光扫描三维尺寸测量技术 ,并对测量试验结果进行了分析。     

非球型回转体的内轮廓光电图象测量系统

介绍了一种基于人工视觉的三维内曲面轮廓的光电图象测量系统.该系统由光学测量、激光扫描、计算机图象处理、计算机控制各子系统所组成,用它来对现代工业工程中的非球型回转体曲型零件的内轮廓进行非接触测量,得到所需零件的边缘轮廓和三维内曲面的图象信息.并论述了系统的测量原理、组成和特点.     

BP神经网络在零件在线测量中的应用

结合计算机视觉和神经网络技术,提出了一种不同于常规接触式测量的非接触式测量方法.用这种方法可以由计算机视觉系统得到零件的三维立体像对计算出零件表面的三维坐标.实验证明该方法完全能满足自动化生产中零件在线测量的要求.     

基于反求工程产品框架模型的研制

为了使产品框架模型具有良好的尺寸参数和装配精度,在反求设计技术基础上,利用三维激光测量仪对砚有产品模型进行三维测量,运用CATIA软件对测量数据进行处理得产品横、纵截面轮廓尺寸并将其转化为CAD格式,应用相识理论确定产品框架模型的相似比和激光加工技术制作出产品模型零件并装配.实践表明,该产品框架模型具有精确零件尺寸精度和良好的装配性能,达到提高制作效率的目的.     

基于SolidWorks软件二次开发的齿轮零件参数化设计

为了快速实现渐开线齿轮零件的精确建模,在对齿廓渐开线和齿根过渡曲线成型原理进行分析的基础上,利用应用程序接口函数对SolidWorks软件进行二次开发,建立齿轮全齿廓精确成型的程序算法,进而实现齿轮零件的参数化设计。构建了四种不同类型齿轮零件的快速三维造型模块,形成了一套可独立运行的齿轮零件参数化造型系统。     

某430型膜片弹簧离合器盖零件的变形分析

汽车膜片弹簧离合器盖零件是车辆制动系统的关键部件,对其进行受力和变形分析有助于深入掌握零件形变对汽车制动过程的影响,提高汽车安全性能。本文采用UG6.0软件对盖零件进行三维建模,再用ANSYS Workbench14.5软件平台对盖零件进行有限元分析。构建了精确的三维实体模型,解决了以往有限元分析对模型的大幅度简化,导致用于分析的模型与实物差别很大,分析结果可信度低的问题。     

三维机器视觉测量系统图像边缘提取算法研究

在三维机器视觉测量系统中,二维数字图像边缘提取是进行三维坐标计算的必要前提。对几种常用边缘检测算子的边缘提取效果进行了比较;提出了一种基于Priwitt算子的改进边缘提取算法;给出了三维机器视觉测量系统中激光线图像与零件特征边缘图像交点的求解方法,为三维机器视觉测量系统的三维坐标计算奠定了基础。     

触针式三维粗糙度测量仪的工作台设计

介绍了一种新设计的触针式三维粗糙度测量仪的三维工作台,它可以能够实现y轴的精确扫描,准确、迅速定位零件至测量位置,使用调节方便。此三维工作台的设计在覆盖传统仪器所有功能的基础上还有许多延伸,对于传统二维粗糙度测量仪同样是重要改进。     

A laser-based machine vision measurement system for laser forming

Laser forming continues to be a promising technology in manufacturing due to its fast speed, flexibility, and low-cost. Measurement of deformation after laser forming is widely needed to verify its convergence to the intended shape in academic research. With the development of laser forming, high requirements on the measurement of the deformed work-piece have been sought such as a 3D profile of the deformed surface, a large measuring range, and measuring convenience. In this paper, a laser-based machine vision measurement system was developed to measure the 3D profile of deformed surface by a one-off scanning process. Based on the 3D profile data, the vertical displacement of the deformed plate was calculated for bending analysis. In addition, as one of the important feature parameters, transverse shrinkage was automatically determined through a novel image-based method during the scanning process. A measuring accuracy of 0.03 mm for vertical displacement measurement and 0.0125 mm for transverse shrinkage were achieved in the developed measurement system. This measurement performance is acceptable in most of the laser forming processes currently studied.     

Investigation of error separation for three dimensional profile rotary measuring system

High precision 3D profile rotary measuring systems for large diameter workpieces are urgently needed in precision engineering. Error separation is critical for improving the accuracy of the system. In order to obtain higher accuracy for 3D profile rotary measuring systems, the random and systematic errors are analyzed and separated in this paper. In the measuring system, roll and pitch caused by the probe tilt violate the Abbe principle. Roll is removed by using two probes and pitch is separated by the interferometer method. The radial run-out and the perpendicularity error between the probe and the spindle axis are compensated by a two-probe-two-step method carried out on a standard hemisphere artifact. As the form error of the artifact is mixed with the perpendicularity error, the least-squares method is applied to fit the hemisphere and work out the perpendicularity error and the profile error of the hemisphere. Finally, numerical validation is presented using Matlab program to demonstrate the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed method.     

基于特征线的复杂曲面反求工程中的CAD建模技术

三维轮廓测量技术是实现反求工程的重要手段 ,复杂曲面建模技术是反求工程研究的重点内容。研究了激光线扫描测量原理以及“点云”数据类型。针对栅格点数据 ,提出了一种快速有效的复杂曲面建模技术 ,并以实例说明“点云”数据平滑处理、特征线提取、曲面分块及曲面构造过程     

Three-dimensional profile stitching measurement for large aspheric surface during grinding process with sub-micron accuracy

A novel measurement method is proposed to realize three-dimensional (3D) profile stitching for large aspheric surface. The proposed method is based on the multiple sub-regions stitching technology applying a four-axis fixture and a commercial small-range profiler. The partition of sub-regions is due to the effective profiler’s range and the characteristic parameters of aspheric surface, and the measurement for each sub-region within the profiler’s range is achieved through the fixture to translate and rotate the aspheric surface. Then a stitching algorithm including the multi-body theory, the invariability of curvature radiuses and the least square principle is established to reconstruct the full 3D profile. Simulations of multiple sub-regions stitching for different aspheric surfaces are performed to predict the stitching accuracy of proposed method and analyze the influence of alignment errors in Y direction caused by the rotation error along Z direction (Δβ_w,g). The stitching accuracy of proposed method is verified by measuring the 3D profile of an off-axis parabolic surface and an axisymmetric aspheric surface. The experimental standard deviations of stitching errors are 0.16 μm and 0.42 μm, which are less than the form errors of aspheric surface during grinding process. The results show that the proposed method achieves 3D profile stitching for large aspheric surface with sub-micron accuracy.     

微机电系统静动态测试技术研究

在中国国家863高技术发展计划MEMS重大专项课题《MEMS动态特性频闪干涉视觉三维测量技术及系统》资助下，研发微机电系统(Micro Electro Mechanical System , MEMS)动态特性三维测量技术与系统。对已有的微几何量、微材料力学性能和MEMS动态参数测试方法进行研讨。 几何尺寸和表面形貌轮廓的测量是MEMS测量的基础。二维微几何量检测采用普通光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜。表面形貌测量大致可分为接触式测量和非接触式测量，机械触针式轮廓仪是典型的接触式测量仪器，非接触式测量大多采用光学技术，主要有光针式轮廓仪，采用光切、干涉、投影光栅和微视觉等测量方法。     

一种基于相移技术的物体表面三维轮廓测量方法

提出一种将阴影莫尔条纹法与相位测量技术相结合的物体表面三维轮廓测量方法 ,该方法利用电磁铁和精密机械部件对光栅进行定位控制以实现精确相移 ,并采用三步相移技术对CCD摄像机采集的物体表面形貌莫尔条纹进行相位解调 ,可有效实现物体表面三维轮廓的高速、高精度自动测量。     

A Cost-Effective Thickness Measurement Technique for Engine Propellers

This paper describes the design and development of a precision calliper system to measure the surface profile of an outboard marine engine propeller blade. Several instruments that are commonly used for measuring the surface profile of a propeller blade are reviewed in this paper. These include the pitch meter, the profilometer and the computer numerical control coordinate-measuring machine (CNC-CMM). However, the operating practices and availability of different facilities in industry necessitate a more cost-effective approach. An alternative method using a precision calliper system is therefore proposed. Details of the design criteria, principles of operation and the testing and verification of the system are presented. The paper concludes that the precision calliper system is a cost-effective method for measuring the surface profile of a propeller.     

一种新型滚动轴承表面形貌测量仪

介绍了一种新型的滚动轴承表面形貌测量仪,它采用一种全新的能越过陡峭表面的二维位移传感器和垂直扫描三维工作台组成一个闭环控制系统,将传统的触针移动扫描方式改变为工作台移动扫描方式。在测量工件时,二维位移传感器的测量杠杆总是不断地回到平衡位置,因此即使增大量程,由杠杆转动所引起的测量非线性误差也非常小。该仪器不仅可进行二维轮廓测量,还可进行三维形貌测量,具有大量程、高精度、小测量力和更多测量参数等特点。     

蜗轮齿形误差测量中的测头半径补偿

建立了坐标法测量蜗轮齿形的误差模型 ,重点分析了蜗轮齿形测量中的测头三维补偿方法 ,并进行了补偿精度分析 ,认为该方法特别适用于非渐开线蜗轮齿形的测量。     

面向机器人成形加工可视化系统的三维形貌检测技术

将傅立叶变换轮廓法用于机器人等离子熔射成形过程中零件的三维形貌检测，目的是在满足一定精度要求的前提下，对机器人成形加工过程中被加工体进行现场检测和实时控制，并对成形过程工艺参数进行反馈修正，提高成形精度。详细论述了该方法的测量原理，零件形状与所对应的相位之间的关系，建立了三维形状测量的系统构架，最后给出了测量结果并提出了误差来源和改进措施。