贵州遵义现代烟草农业稳定因素分析

结合遵义市某县烟叶生产发展现状,对 2013年度全县 3554户烟农结构、种植规模、亩均产值和户均收入等指标进行了调查分析,同时对该县 300名烟草员工素质做了统计分析。结果表明:烟农结构不合理,劳动强度大,种烟风险高,比较效益下降,专业化服务水平低,烟草员工年龄结构老化,文化水平低下等是影响烟叶生产可持续稳定发展的重要因素。为此,提出了发展年轻化、职业化烟农队伍,加快烟农合作社建设,加大科技创新和技术示范推广,补充年轻化、知识化新烟草员工等强化现代烟草农业发展中"两支队伍"的建设对策。      

烟草商业企业烟农满意度提升对策研究——以A市烟草公司为例

烟叶的生产是整个烟草行业价值链的最初环节,是保持烟草行业稳定、可持续发展的关键所在。然而,近些年来,烟叶生产的环境发生了很大变化,烟农种烟受到诸多因素的影响,如何保障烟农种烟的利益,提高烟农满意度已经成为行业内亟待解决的问题。本文通过对A市烟草公司烟农满意度调查,了解了烟农的需求与期望以及烟草商业企业的服务现状,对存在的问题进行分析,提出烟农满意度的提升对策,对保障烟农利益,稳定烟农种烟积极性有十分重要的意义。     

我国烟叶产业可持续发展问题研究

系统地阐述了我国烟叶产业可持续发展战略的内涵、支持系统及实现的主要措施。认为我国烟叶产业的可持续发展战略是一项包涵了生态、技术、经济、社会和制度等因素的复杂系统。为实现我国烟叶产业的可持续发展,当前工作的重心是保护烟农利益,稳定烟农数量,改革烟叶生产管理制度,加强基础建设,提高生产技术水平,改革烟叶税收政策和积极开拓国际烟叶市场。     

新形势下咸丰县烟草种植基层队伍建设现状调查与分析

结合恩施州咸丰县烟叶生产现状,对全县115名烟技员和859户烟农现状进行了调查统计分析,结果表明,当前基层烟技员队伍年龄结构偏大、技术力量薄弱、晋升通道不畅,烟农种烟积极性不高、经营管理能力不足、培育机制不健全等是制约烟叶高质量发展的重要因素。为此提出应加大引才用才留才力度,培育专业化烟技队伍;关心关爱关注烟农,培育职业化烟农队伍,并就烟草种植基层队伍建设提出了建议和对策。     

桂阳严格把关烟水工程质量

烟水配套项目建设是改善烟区生产条件、增强抗御自然灾害能力、稳定烟叶生产规模、提高烟叶质量、增加烟农收入的惠民工程。桂阳高度重视此     

“三统三分”式烟叶专业化烘烤服务模式研究与应用

烟叶烘烤是烟农合作社发展的难点环节。安龙县依托烟农综合服务合作社,采取“三统三分”形式,即：采收和装烟标准把握、烘烤物资准备、烟叶烘烤三个环节由合作社统一完成;烟叶田间采收、装烟上炕、烟叶烤后下炕三个环节由烟农分户负责,全面实现了专业化烘烤,取得了显著经济效益。受益于专业化烘烤,全县烟叶生产组织化程度显著提高,烟叶种植规模快速发展。     

加大政策扶持和资金投入力度 广西发展优质烟叶生产又有大动作

自治区烟草公司在去年我区烟叶生产获得丰收,烟农普遍获得实惠的基础上,今年进一步加大政策扶持和资金投入力度,在发展优质烟叶生产,支农、助农、惠农方面又有大动作,受到烟区群众的好评。     

对龙岩烟区可持续发展之路的探索与思考

烟叶是行业发展的基础,其可持续发展事关行业发展大局.笔者从大农业可持续发展的概念及三大目标出发,结合龙岩烟叶生产实际,对可持续发展的5个必须条件进行阐述,并对制约龙岩烟叶可持续发展的问题进行了剖析,提出了推行以烟为主的耕作制度,加大生产扶持力度,落实烟叶规范技术,抓好烟技员队伍建设,培育烟农共同体等发展对策.     

论职业烟农的培育

具有现代经营管理能力的职业烟农是现代烟草农业发展的重要方向。近年来虽然取得了一定进展,但烟叶生产成本、合作社专业化服务能力、烟农自身经营管理能力、保障激励措施和培育机制等问题严重制约职业烟农的培育。针对以上问题,本文认为应坚持"种植在户、服务在社"的发展方向,通过积极引导土地流转,推进适度规模种植,完善烟叶生产各项服务,强化生产技术、生产经营管理知识和政策法规的宣传与培训,开展技能鉴定,建立职业烟农政策保障体系。     

山东烟叶标准化生产现状与对策

本文分析了加强烟叶标准化工作的必要性,以及山东烟叶标准化生产现状,提出建立“标准体系、作业指导书、烟农操作手册、考核办法”四位一体的闭环式标准化运行机制,通过修订完善标准体系,编制作业指导书、烟农操作手册,加强标准宣贯和检查考核,推动了烟叶生产整体水平和烟叶质量特色提升,促进了烟农增收,并对今后的烟叶标准化生产重点工作进行了探讨。     

常用消毒灭菌法及其机理与应用

介绍了采用消毒灭菌方法,有加热消毒法,紫外线辐射法和化学药剂消毒法。常用化学药剂有醛类、含氯消毒剂、醇类消毒剂以及高锰酸钾、生石灰等,阐释了消毒与灭菌两个概念的区别。     

Probiotics and prebiotics--perspectives and challenges

Owing to their health benefits, probiotics and prebiotics are nowadays widely used in yogurts and fermented milks, which are leader products of functional foods worldwide. The world market for functional foods has grown rapidly in the last three decades, with an estimated size in 2003 of ca US$ 33 billion, while the European market estimation exceeded US$ 2 billion in the same year. However, the production of probiotics and prebiotics at industrial scale faces several challenges, including the search for economical and abundant raw materials for prebiotic production, the low-cost production of probiotics and the improvement of probiotic viability after storage or during the manufacturing process of the functional food. In this review, functional foods based on probiotics and prebiotics are introduced as a key biotechnological field with tremendous potential for innovation. A concise state of the art addressing the fundamentals and challenges for the development of new probiotic- and prebiotic-based foods is presented, the niches for future research being clearly identified and discussed.     

益生素、益生菌与结肠癌

介绍了益生素和益生菌及其作用机理。在动物模型中，有大量的数据证实益生素和益生菌能够预防癌症．而在人体内还没有直接实验证据。它们抑制癌症的确切机理目前尚不清楚，其抑制机理可能是：肠道菌群代谢活动的改变，肠道理化环境的改变，潜在的致癌物质的黏附和降解，肠道菌群的改变、抗癌或抗诱变物质的形成、提高宿主的免疫应答、影响宿主的生理活动以及发酵不能被消化的食物并形成有益代谢产物。     

毛霉型低盐速成豆豉工业化生产工艺与设备

本文介绍了毛霉型低盐速成豆豉的工业化生产工艺及生产线的关键设备。     

European citizen and consumer attitudes and preferences regarding beef and pork

This paper presents the combined mid-term findings of the consumer research components of two EU Sixth Framework Programme integrated projects concerning meat, ProSafeBeef and Q-PorkChains. The consumer pillar of ProSafeBeef carried out eight focus group discussions in May 2008, in France, Germany, Spain and the UK. Q-PorkChains conducted a large-scale, web-based, consumer survey in January 2008 in Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Greece and Poland. The first project provides a set of qualitative data from a small cohort of focus groups and the second a set of quantitative data from a larger consumer sample. This paper draws together the main findings of both projects and provides a comprehensive overview of European citizens’ and consumers’ attitudes towards and preferences regarding beef and pork. In general, consumers consider meat to be a healthy and important component of the diet. Consumers support the development of technologies that can improve the health attributes of meat products and guarantee eating quality, but they have a negative view of what they see to be excessive manipulation and lack of naturalness in the production and processing of beef products. In the Q-PorkChains study consumer and citizen segments are identified and profiled. Consumer segments were built upon the frequency and variety of pork consumption. The citizen segments were built upon their attitudes towards pig production systems. Overall, the relationship between individuals’ views as citizens and their behaviour as consumers was found to be quite weak and did not appear to greatly or systematically influence meat-buying habits. Future studies in both projects will concentrate on consumers’ acceptance of innovative meat product concepts and products, with the aim of boosting consumer trust and invigorating the European beef and pork industries.     

节能节水型印染助剂和设备的现状

从节能、节水、缩短工艺流程和环保的角度出发，介绍了国内外研制开发的一系列新型节能、节水型印染助剂和染整设备。     

Heritability and correlations for body condition score and dairy form within and across lactation and age

The objectives of the current study were to investigate the relationship between body condition score (BCS) and dairy form and changes in genetic parameters for BCS and dairy form within and across lactations and age. Body condition score and dairy form were obtained from the Holstein Association USA, Inc. Records were edited to include those cows classified between 24 and 60 mo of age and between 0 and 335 d in milk (DIM). A minimum of 20 daughters per sire and 15 cows per herd-classification visit were required. The dataset consisted of 135,178 records from 119,215 cows. Repeatability, multiple trait, and random regression models were used to analyze the data. All models included fixed effects for herd-classification visit, age within lactations 1, 2, and 3 or higher, and 5th-order polynomials for DIM. Random effects included sire and permanent environment for all models. Random regression models included age at classification nested within sire or DIM and lactation number nested within sire. Genetic variance for both BCS and dairy form was lowest in early lactation and highest in midlactation. Genetic correlations within and across lactations were high. The genetic correlation between DIM 0 in lactation 1 and DIM 305 in lactation 3 was estimated to be 0.77 for BCS and 0.60 for dairy form. The genetic correlation estimate between 30 mo of age at classification and 50 mo of age at classification was 0.94 for both dairy form and BCS. The repeatability models appeared to generate accurate evaluations for BCS or dairy form at all ages and stages of lactation.     

原花色素及其开发应用

对原花色素的结构、化学特性、制备、分析方法、应用前景作一综述,并重点讨论其生理功能,为在功能性食品、药物、化妆品等领域的深入研究和开发提供参考。     

组学技术与果蔬采后质量和安全控制

果蔬可以提供营养, 有利于人类健康, 而果蔬的后熟及其与环境的相互作用会影响果蔬采后的质量和安全。对果蔬生物学过程的了解和掌握是减少果蔬采后损失和保障果蔬采后质量和安全的关键。在过去的10多年, 基于组学技术的系统生物学在了解果蔬后熟及其与环境相互作用的分子机制方面得到了越来越多的应用。本文对此做了细致的总结, 指出了存在的不足, 并提出了未来的发展方向。     

天然香精香料与生物技术

天然香精香料是高价值的精细化工产品和食品添加剂,但原料来源有限且提取成本高。利用生物技术生产这类产品具有广阔的前景。简述了发酵工程、酶工程、细胞工程和基因工程在香精香料中的应用,并探讨了生物技术在香精香料中的应用前景。