牛奶中抗生素残留及其检测技术的研究进展

论述了牛奶中抗生素残留的原因和危害性,列举了目前国内外较流行的牛奶中抗生素的检测技术,并阐述了其检测原理.     

食品(乳品)中存在抗生素残留的风险及其控制

介绍了食品中存在抗生素残留的风险,阐明了最大残留极限(MRL)的技术学及其法规基础,说明了抗生素转移到牛奶中的原因、过程及其残留,介绍了牛奶中抗生素残留的4种检测方法.分析了牛奶受抗生素残留污染的风险;介绍了通常的预防措施和抗生素的使用控制,提出了戴尔沃10点计划.     

牛奶中抗生素残留检测的研究进展及应用现状

论述牛奶中残留抗生素的原因,列举商品化牛奶中抗生素残留的快速检测方法和试剂盒.主要的检测方法有微生物检测法、理化检测法、免疫法,并介绍其检测原理.     

帝斯曼收购科盼牛奶抗生素检测试剂盒（Copan Milk Test）业务

近日,帝斯曼食品配料部和科盼牛奶抗生素检测试剂盒（股份）责任有限公司（CMT Srl）宣布：帝斯曼收购了科盼牛奶抗生素检测试剂盒业务,从而在抗生素残留检测方面强化了其市场地位和专有技术。     

免疫传感器在牛奶抗生素残留检测中的研究进展

乳腺炎是奶牛的常见病,通常需要抗生素治疗,因此不可避免地造成牛奶中的抗生素残留。由于免疫传感器是将高灵敏的传感器技术与抗原、抗体特异性反应相结合的一种检测方法,易于实现抗生素残留检测仪器的便携化、微型化和自动化,因而成为近年来研究的热点。本文介绍免疫生物传感器的基本原理、组成与分类,重点介绍国内外应用免疫传感器检测牛奶中抗生素残留的研究进展,并分析未来免疫生物传感器的发展趋势。     

服务于牛奶生产链各阶段的检测方法——访帝斯曼特种配料部亚太区销售总监Kris Ferguson先生

帝斯曼公司食品配料部研发的牛奶抗生素残留检测试剂盒——“戴尔沃检测”近日获得享有盛誉的美国官方分析化学师协会（以下简称AOAC）研究所的性能测试方法（PTM）认证。戴尔沃检测SP（-NT）所获得的011102号PTM证书，以及戴尔沃检测加速器所获得的011101号PTM证书均是行业内享誉全球的殊荣，这充分展现了“戴尔沃检测”在牛奶检测方面的标杆地位，     

牛奶中β-内酰胺类抗生素残留的快速检测方法

将微生物方法与仪器分析方法相结合，用嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌作为指示菌，通过“阻抗分析仪”的自动检测、分析，根据DT时间的产生，判断牛奶中抗生素的残留情况。结果表明，该方法操作简单、快捷，灵敏度高、结果易判断，全部检测过程可在2～3h内完成。本方法检测牛奶中青霉素G的检测限可达3μg／kg。     

动物源性食品中抗生素残留的分类及检测方法的研究进展

随着抗生素在动物饲养过程中的普遍应用, 抗生素的不合理使用现象日益普遍, 造成动物源性食品(牛奶、肉类、水产品、鸡蛋、蜂蜜等)中抗生素的残留, 从而对人体健康造成潜在的危害, 因此动物源性食品中抗生素残留检测是控制食品质量安全的重要环节。本文对动物源性食品中抗生素残留的现状, 抗生素残留的种类及检测方法作了阐述, 并对抗生素检测方法的应用前景进行了展望, 以期为有关部门在检测动物源性食品中抗生素的残留的工作提供技术参考。     

消毒剂、清洗剂对牛奶制品（慢抗-微生物法）抗生素检测结果的影响

本文通过对生产车间所用的消毒剂、清洗剂在牛乳中不同浓度下使用慢抗一微生物法对样品进行检测,确定了消毒剂、清洗剂在牛奶制品中抗生素检测过程中的干扰情况。     

乳品中抗生素残留的风险及检测

近60年来．抗生素是用于人类和兽类疾病治疗的最常用药物。但抗生素在畜牧业的大量使用也带来了食品中抗生素的残留问题,尤其牛奶中的抗生素残留被列为乳制品检测需优先考虑的问题。     

广州市牛奶中抗生素残留的现状分析

为了控制牛乳中抗生素的残留,对广州市牛奶中抗生素残留进行监测。结果表明不同给药途径及剂量可造成不同的残留时间;生牛奶及奶粉中抗生素残留阳性率显著比消毒牛奶高;出口生牛奶抗生素残留阳性率显著比内销生牛奶高;进口消毒牛奶及奶粉中未检出抗生素。     

Antimicrobial activity in cheese whey as an indicator of antibiotic drug transfer from goat milk

Raw goat milk spiked with antibiotics was coagulated with rennet, the whey separated and the transfer of 18 antibiotics from the milk to the whey was evaluated by estimating antimicrobial activity of the whey using microbial inhibitor tests. Antibiotic-free whey (negative whey) spiked with different antibiotics was used as a reference. The antimicrobial activity in whey from milk spiked with most β-lactam drugs was lower (0–40%) than that of the reference whey, suggesting that these antibiotics are mostly released from curd and transferred to the whey. However, for most non-β-lactam drugs, an 84–100% reduction in the relative antimicrobial activity in whey was obtained, indicating the higher susceptibility for retention in curd. The traceability of antibiotics through the cheese-making process will make it possible to determine whether control systems are required to prevent the negative implications of the presence of antibiotic drug residues in cheese and whey products.     

奶制品中抗生素的检测

介绍奶制品中抗生素残留危害性并分析比较了两种抗生素检测方法。     

嗜热链球菌在鲜奶发酵中的抗逆性研究

本研究旨在探讨嗜热链球菌(Streptococcus thermophilus)对低蛋白浓度、双氧水及抗生素等因素的抗逆性,为产品研发提供依据。试验采用添加9ppm双氧水和蛋白含量为2.3%的鲜奶作为试验组,正常无添加双氧水和蛋白含量为2.9%的鲜奶为对照组,测定菌株发酵时间和酸奶质构差异,评价菌株对低蛋白浓度和双氧水的耐受性;采用纸片琼脂扩散法(K-B法),以金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC25923为参比菌株,测试菌株对5大类(林可霉素类、β内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类、氟喹诺酮类及其他类)共8种抗生素的耐药性。结果显示,供试菌株对于低蛋白、双氧水和抗生素等条件的抗逆性存在较大差异,少量菌株表现出较好的抗逆性,所有菌株对林可霉素类、青霉素类和氯霉素类表现敏感。     

Antibiotic residues in milk from small dairy farms in rural Peru

The use of antibiotics in livestock can pose a public health threat, especially if antibiotic residues remain in the food product. Understanding how often and why farmers sell products with antibiotic residues is critical to improving the quality of these products. To understand how often milk with antibiotic residues is sold on small farms in a major dairy-producing region of Peru and identify factors associated with selling milk with antibiotic residues, we tested milk samples for antibiotic residues from every provider on three routes of commercial milk companies and from bulk tanks of farmers currently treating cows with antibiotics. We also asked farmers if they sold milk from treated cows and examined factors associated with the tendency to do so. The prevalence of milk contamination with antibiotic residues on commercial routes was low (0–4.2%); however, 33/36 farmers treating their animals with antibiotics sold milk that tested positive for antibiotic residues. The self-reported sale of milk from treated cows had a sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 75.8%, 100%, 100% and 27.2%, respectively (with testing of milk for residues as the gold standard). Finally, 69/156 randomly selected farmers reported selling milk from treated cows, and farmers’ knowledge of antibiotics and the milk purchaser were significantly associated with a farmer’s tendency to report doing so. Educating farmers on the risks associated with antibiotics and enforcement of penalties for selling contaminated milk by milk companies are needed to improve milk quality.     

乳中抗生素残留及其检测方法的研究进展

介绍了乳中抗生素残留的原因、抗生素残留的种类以及国内外应用于乳中抗生素的检测方法,同时对不同种类抗生素的测定方法进行比较,为乳中抗生素检测新方法开发提供理论依据。     

原料乳中药物残留和掺假物质检测方法的研究进展

原料乳中药物残留或掺假物质的存在造成的安全事件屡屡发生,这使我国乳品行业面临着巨大的挑战。本文主要综述了常规检测法、免疫分析法、仪器检测分析法、生物传感器和蛋白质芯片技术等对原料乳中常见聚醚类抗生素、类固醇激素、苯二氮卓类药物、苯基脲类除草剂、四环素类抗生素和青霉素类抗生素等药物残留、物理性质与原料乳相近的物质、常见电解质、非电解质、防腐剂等掺假物质的检测方法,以及对单一成分掺假物和多种成分掺假物的检测方法,并比较了不同检测方法的准确度、灵敏度、成本等优缺点,以期为相关检测部门进行质量监测或生产厂家牛乳收购提供技术参考。     

鲜牛奶中耐药性细菌的分离与鉴定

目的:分离鉴定鲜牛奶中耐药性细菌的分布。方法:利用含有四环素(16μg/mL)、环丙沙星(4μg/mL)或庆大霉素(16μg/mL)的Luria-Bertani平板,分离样品中的耐药性细菌;采用K-B纸片法对分离菌株的耐药性进行确认;利用血平板测定分离菌株的溶血性;利用16S rRNA方法对分离菌株进行鉴定。结果:对30份采自河北张家口地区新鲜无菌牛奶样品的平板筛选结果显示,具有耐受1种以上抗菌素细菌的样品为23份(76.67%),具有耐受2种以上抗菌素细菌的样品为7份(23.33%),具有耐受3种以上抗菌素细菌的样品为1份(3.33%);共分离得到耐受四环素菌株37株、耐受环丙沙星8株、耐受庆大霉素菌株7株;随机挑选6株(每种抗菌素耐受细菌选取2株)进行16S rRNA鉴定,结果为黏质沙雷氏菌(Serratia marcescens)1株、铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)2株、琼氏不动杆菌(Acinetobacter junii)1株、阪崎肠杆菌(Cronobacter sakazakii)1株和金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)1株;6株细菌中α溶血3株,β溶血1株,γ溶血2株;纸片法验证结果显示,只有1株分离细菌对庆大霉素敏感。结论:鲜牛奶样品中普遍存在多种耐药性细菌,抗菌素平板可以用于初步分析牛奶样品的耐药性细菌。     

Detection of antibiotics in sheep milk by receptor-binding assays

Receptor-binding assays to detect antibiotics in sheep milk were evaluated. Specificity of the Betastar Combo, SNAP and Twinsensor^BT tests was optimal using inhibitor-free bulk sheep milk (99–100%), and no differences between the visual or instrumental classification were found. For individual sheep milk free of antibiotics, specificity was elevated by the Betastar Combo and SNAP tests. However, lower specificity was obtained by the Twinsensor^BT test, especially in the last weeks of the lactation period. Regarding cross-reactions, interferences related to drugs other than β-lactams and tetracyclines were not detected. Furthermore, the use of azidiol, as a preservative of milk, had no effect on the test. In all cases, the detection capability was able to detect most β-lactams and tetracyclines at or below maximum residues limits. The receptor-binding tests evaluated showed a very good performance in the detection of antibiotics in sheep milk, thus being suitable for milk quality control programmes.     

深圳市售奶粉中11种喹诺酮类抗生素含量检测分析

目的了解深圳地区市售奶粉喹诺酮类抗生素的污染情况。方法从深圳市各区超市和食品商店中购买不同种类的奶粉样品110份,用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法进行环丙沙星、氧氟沙星等11种喹诺酮类抗生素的检测。结果在深圳各区抽检的奶粉样品中未检出11种喹诺酮类抗生素,检出率为0。结论深圳市售奶粉喹诺酮类抗生素残留现象整体情况良好,但仍应加强奶源及奶粉生产过程中的监管,定期开展监测工作。