基于闪爆-碱煮联合工艺的天然竹纤维提取

为了提高对天然竹纤维的脱胶效果,本文研究了天然竹纤维闪爆-碱煮联合脱胶工艺,讨论了闪爆-碱煮联合处理条件对纤维脱胶效果的影响。用FTIR、SEM、强力仪对联合脱胶后竹纤维的化学成分、表面形态结构、强度进行分析。结果表明：闪爆-碱煮联合处理竹纤维的脱胶效果比单一碱煮或闪爆处理的效果好,纤维直径显著减小;闪爆条件越强烈,纤维脱胶率越高,纤维越分散,柔软性越好;竹纤维中半纤维素和木质素也得到了较好的脱除,纤维素含量达到63.59%;纤维断裂强度为21.98 cN/tex,断裂伸长率为3.56%。     

天然原竹纤维再脱胶处理、染色及织物性能

本文对天然原竹纤维进行再脱胶处理与染色的试验比较，以及分析处理工艺对胶质作用及效果。并测定棉与天然原竹混纺面料的部分性能，有助于开发天然原竹纤产品什的参数。     

几种新型再生纤维素纤维上浆性能研究

采用了单纱上浆机对几种新型再生纤维素纤维[1]纱线进行上浆,对天丝、竹纤维、汉麻粘胶上浆前后的断裂强度、断裂伸长率、耐磨、毛羽等进行了测试对比.通过对天丝、竹纤维、汉麻粘胶这三种再生纤维素纱线上浆工艺及上浆性能进行对比分析,以期对纺织企业上浆工艺提供一些参考依据.     

纤维素纤维的新宠--竹纤维

竹纤维根据纤维的选材及加工工艺的不同可分为天然竹纤维与再生竹浆纤维，文中介绍了这两种竹纤维的结构特点。竹纤维不仅具有天然抗茵性，而且具有良好的透气性、悬垂性、吸湿性、反弹性、耐磨性，其染色性能优良、光泽亮丽，被广泛应用于服装、装饰品及医疗卫生领域。     

天然竹纤维与几种纤维素纤维的性能测试与比较

对天然竹纤维的性能进行了测试,通过与苎麻、亚麻、棉等天然纤维素纤维的比较,力图对其进行全面的了解.研究结果表明:目前市场上出现的天然竹纤维在力学性能上为高强低伸型;在卫生保健功能上具有明显优于苎麻的抗菌性和防紫外线性能;在热湿舒适性能上,与苎麻相当;耐热性好于棉、亚麻纤维,与苎麻相当,热稳定性稍逊于苎麻;耐酸性能与苎麻略有不同.     

竹纤维及丝、棉织物性能测试比较与分析

对竹纤维及丝、棉织物的几种性能进行了测试，通过数据的比较与纤维性能的分析。总结出竹纤维织物的性能特性。     

竹纤维的分类

竹纤维分成两大类,即天然竹纤维和化学竹纤维。 1天然竹纤维——竹原纤维竹原纤维是采用物理、化学相结合的方法制取的天然竹纤维。其制取过程是：竹材→制竹片→蒸竹片→压碎分解→生物酶脱胶→梳理纤维→纺织用纤维。     

竹纤维移圈网眼面料的开发

竹纤维的物理性能与黏胶纤维相似,竹纤维还具有抑菌性能和良好的吸湿性能.采用移圈罗纹机生产竹纤维移圈网眼面料,介绍了织造工艺.包括设备参数、原料、意匠图、花型设计、花盘排列和安装等,阐述了面料的染整工艺,说明了生产中的工艺要点.     

竹菲尔纱、舒纳尔纱和倍舒绒纱的性能及应用

竹菲尔、舒纳尔、倍舒绒分别为天纶公司竹纤维产品、PTT产品、多组分产品的品牌名称.文中分别就这几种纤维的性能、应用领域、后处理工艺等进行了具体分析和说明.     

桑蚕丝织物蒸汽脱胶工艺及其性能

针对桑蚕丝织物常规脱胶方法脱胶时效低且脱胶废液污染环境等问题，提出采用一种高效无污染的蒸汽处理方法对桑蚕丝双绉织物进行脱胶，通过对蒸汽脱胶工艺的温度和时间进行探究，并选择脱胶完全的两种蒸汽脱胶工艺与常规碳酸钠脱胶法处理得到的桑蚕丝织物性能对比分析。结果表明：在105℃和110℃条件下，织物脱胶率与脱胶时间呈线性正相关，在115、120、125℃条件下，织物脱胶率与脱胶时间呈对数函数关系；当蒸汽温度为125℃,脱胶处理45 min的蒸汽脱胶工艺得到的织物力学性能最优，悬垂性能略差，其微观形貌和二级结构均未受到明显影响，且脱胶总时长缩短了45.83%。该蒸汽脱胶工艺对桑蚕丝双绉织物的脱胶具有可行性和可控性，并提高了脱胶效率，同时可为代替传统脱胶工艺提供理论参考。     

大麻纤维高温-酶联合脱胶技术

为克服单一化学法脱胶对环境污染严重和单一的生物酶脱胶率低的缺点,研究了大麻纤维高温-酶联合脱胶技术,讨论了高温脱胶后3种不同酶处理的大麻纤维化学成分与断裂强度的变化,用SEM、FTIR对大麻纤维高温酶脱胶前后的表面形态结构、化学成分进行表征。实验结果表明:果胶酶可作为高温脱胶后大麻纤维的脱胶酶使用;高温-果胶酶脱胶后大麻纤维中的果胶和半纤维素、木质素含量分别下降了83.3%和79.2%。     

亚麻纤维在脱胶过程中形态结构的变化

利用扫描电子显微镜研究温水浸渍法脱胶和酶法脱胶过程中亚麻纤维表面形态的变化情况。结果表明:使用这2种方法进行脱胶,纤维表面在脱胶过程中基本上都没有受到大的损伤,最后得到的纤维在表面形态上也无大的差别。采用X射线衍射法研究温水浸渍法脱胶和酶法脱胶过程中亚麻纤维结晶度、取向度的变化情况。结果表明:无论是温水浸渍法脱胶还是酶法脱胶,亚麻纤维的结晶度在脱胶过程中经过一系列的变化,最后都有一定程度的提高,而亚麻纤维的取向度在脱胶过程中自始至终都无明显变化。     

Flax retting by degumming composite enzyme produced by Bacillus licheniformis HDYM-04 and effect on fiber properties

Flax enzymatic retting with composite enzyme produced by microbes with inexpensive substrates is widely researched due to less contamination and lower cost. Bacillus licheniformis HDYM-04, isolated from a liquid sample of flax retting pool, efficiently produced degumming enzymes after 48 h of fermentation with inexpensive konjaku flour, consisted of 587.5 U/mL pectinase, 365.2 U/mL mannanase, and 140.1 U/mL xylanase. Almost half the maximum activity of three above-mentioned degumming enzymes was maintained at pH 4.0–6.0 which demonstrated its stability in pH condition of flax retting. After 120 h of retting with this composite enzyme, scanning electronic microscopy showed more significant reduction in gummy components on the fiber surface than those of water retting. The fiber strength was 182.4 ± 9.3 N, 14.3% higher than water-retted samples. The long fiber rate and fiber yield also verified higher fiber productivity. The results permitted this degumming composite enzyme an applicable potential in flax retting.     

电磁铁工作状态对电子多臂摆臂动态性能的影响

 为了改善电子多臂用电磁铁的性能,确定电磁铁工作状态参数对电子多臂摆臂动态性能的具体影响,通过试验对电子多臂用电磁铁的工作电压,气隙宽度,工作温度以及旁路电磁铁的工作状态等参数对电子多臂摆臂动态性能的影响进行了分析和研究,并对进口和国产两种电磁铁的工作情况进行了比较。试验结果表明：这些参数对摆臂的动态性能都存在一定的影响,因此在生产、加工和使用电磁铁时要注意提高加工精度,做好多路电磁铁之间的屏蔽措施,提供稳定可靠的工作电源以及适当的工作环境。     

Effect of Inoculation of Pectinolytic Mixed Bacterial Culture on Improvement of Ribbon Retting of Jute and Kenaf

Abstract

Jute and kenaf are among the annually renewable fibre crops mainly grown over tropical and subtropical Asian countries. They are possibly the world's largest source of lignocellulosic bast fibre which is extracted from plants by a natural microbial process known as retting. But acute shortage of water for retting and the environmental pollution created from conventional system of retting has demanded for new method of retting.

The new method of retting launched has been recognized as ribbon retting. In ribbon retting barks are removed from jute and kenaf plants mechanically or manually in the form of ribbon. The ribbons are coiled and then allowed for retting in water with or without using a microbial inoculum. Ribbon retting has the following advantages over conventional retting: (1) It requires lesser volume of water, (2) it is faster, (3) it produces lesser environmental pollution, and (4) it produces improved quality fibre. Addition of efficient pectinolytic microbial inoculum may further boost up or improve the ribbon retting process.

From the present study it is understood that inoculation of a specific mixed bacterial culture in combination with 0.5% urea as N-supplement caused faster ribbon retting of jute and kenaf. Ribbon retting conducted in cement retting tank was faster than that in polythene tank. The mixed bacterial culture in combination with urea produced stronger, finer and brighter coloured jute and kenaf fibre in comparison to uninoculated control. One hundred twenty-day-old plant was found most suitable for ribbon retting. Ribbon retted fibre with pectinolytic mixed bacterial culture in combination with urea obtained higher grade in comparison to uninoculated control. Such ribbon retted fibres produced standard and regular quality yarn.     

温水沤麻废水再生的微生物种群研究

通过对温水沤麻废水微生物种群的分析与研究,对沤麻废水再生利用的方式和技术进行了归纳,并提出了应该注意的事项。     

用COD值定量判断亚麻脱胶终点的探讨

对亚麻脱胶终点的定量判断进行了探讨，根据物量平衡原理，研究了脱胶过程中COD值随时间变化的规律，得出脱胶终点时的COD值范围，借此可作为一种定量判断亚麻脱胶终点的方法。采用显微镜检验，该方法与传统方法基本相符。     

大麻快速生物脱胶过程中发酵液成分变化

为了探明大麻快速生物脱胶的机理,在实验室条件下,利用脱胶高效菌株Dm111,对大麻韧皮进行快速脱胶试验,定期测定了胶质去除率和发酵液中的相关指标。结果表明,在脱胶前期和中期,胶质去除率、脱胶菌活菌量不断增加,后期趋于平缓;果胶酶和木聚糖酶酶活均是脱胶前期增加缓慢,中期迅速增加,后期下降,而纤维素酶活在脱胶过程中变化不大,且酶活性很低;pH值呈“V”型变化;还原糖出现2个峰值,呈近似“M”型变化。发酵液的COD、蛋白质和残渣量与脱胶时间呈正相关。至脱胶完成时,残渣量占大麻韧皮的27％左右。     

大麻快速脱胶菌株的选育与脱胶性能鉴定

 针对以烧碱蒸煮为中心的大麻化学脱胶工艺存在脱胶质量不稳定,纤维强度和出麻率低,环境污染严重等问题,进行了大麻脱胶菌株的选育与脱胶性能鉴定的研究。通过广泛采集菌样,初筛、复筛和诱变育种,获得了1株在16 h内完成大麻脱胶的快速脱胶菌株;在实验室条件下,该菌株进行大麻生物脱胶具有脱胶周期短,纤维产量高和品质好等特点;与传统水沤法相比,缩短脱胶周期90%以上,干茎出麻率提高2.1%,束纤维强力提高7.9%,且纤维颜色浅,质地均匀,光泽好。     

Influence of various retting methods on properties of kenaf fiber

Gum, as the important noncellulosic tissue present in kenaf fiber, has a close relation with downstream processing and product properties, so the predominant task in pretreatment of kenaf fiber for textile application, retting, is to remove gum including pectin, hemicellulose, lignin, and other impurities without damage to cellulose fiber. The traditional retting method is water retting; that is, the harvested kenaf bast is soaked in natural water (rivers or tanks) in which indigenous bacteria attack the gum in an anaerobic process, yielding much water pollution. Currently, much interest has been focused on various retting methods in order to seek one environmentally-friendly method. Therefore, microbe, chemical, water, and microbe–chemical rettings are performed in this experiment. Retted kenaf fibers at optimal conditions of various retting methods are then characterized and compared by light microscopy and indices consisting of residual gum content, fineness, tenacity, elongation, and softness. In addition, chemical oxygen demand (COD) is also tested. The results indicate that microbe retting induces higher residual gum content and lower elongation but better tenacity and softness and finer fiber; chemical retting gives lower tenacity and thicker fiber; water retting produces weak, poor quality fiber; and microbe–chemical retting produces moderate indices.