瑞士乳杆菌发酵牛乳产生抗ACE活性条件的优化

本实验探讨了发酵条件对瑞士乳杆菌发酵牛乳产生抗ACE活性的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,进行正交试验,得出能产生较高抗ACE活性的最佳工艺条件是:发酵温度为37℃,发酵时间为12h,无脂乳固形物浓度12%(W/V)。     

发酵乳抗高血压特性的研究

本研究通过抑制ACE活性实验,筛选出能发酵脱脂牛乳产生较强抗ACE活性的LacobacillushelveticusATCC15019、15009和LactobacillusthermophilusATCC14485三种乳酸菌菌株,用这三种菌株混合制作的发酵乳对ACE的活性具有较强的抑制作用。分别给原发性高血压大鼠连续三天灌胃此发酵乳和其乳清,结果发现它们都具有较强的降高血压作用,最大降压值分别为24.10±2.69mmHg和29.14±3.07mmHg,与对照组相比,呈极显著性差异(p<0.01)。     

干酪乳杆菌LC-15发酵乳血管紧张素转换酶体外抑制活性的研究

血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂筛选模型是一个用于抗高血压药物和功能性食品研究的有效模型。通过考察乳酸菌蛋白质水解能力与ACE抑制活性的关系，以一株具有较高ACE抑制活性的干酪乳杆菌LC-15为研究对象，研究了发酵时间、添加酪蛋白、酶水解处理和模拟胃肠消化对LC-15发酵乳的ACE抑制活性的影响。结果表明，乳酸菌对牛乳蛋白质的水解能力与ACE抑制活性呈现一定的正相关关系；干酪乳杆菌LC-15在复原脱脂乳中发酵至42h时，发酵乳的ACE抑制活性达到最高，此时ACE抑制率为66％；通过在复原脱脂乳中添加4％酪蛋白可以使LC-15发酵乳的ACE抑制活性提高到81％；控制复原脱脂乳水解度为10％，然后再利用LC-15进行发酵得到的发酵乳的ACE抑制活性达到85％；在模拟胃肠环境消化条件下LC-15发酵乳的ACE抑制活力从最初的85％下降到78％。     

高ACE抑制活性乳酸菌的筛选及在乳制品中的应用

从传统食品分离的乳酸菌中筛选对血管紧张素转化酶（Angiotensin converting enzyme,ACE）具有强抑制活性的菌株，同时对目标菌株的发酵特性进行评价，探究发酵乳ACE抑制活性的稳定性。研究发现，瑞士乳杆菌WHH2580在10%脱脂乳中发酵后得到的发酵乳ACE抑制率高达97.10%±1.51%。瑞士乳杆菌WHH2580发酵特性优良，发酵制备的无糖发酵乳经胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶处理后ACE抑制率保持在高水平，分别为94.60%±0.43%和87.53%±1.04%。发酵乳室温放置5个月后，ACE抑制率、酸度和pH分别为89.27%±1.15%、（74.5±0.5）°T、4.30±0.00。瑞士乳杆菌WHH2580对青霉素、氨苄西林、亚胺培南、美罗培南、利奈唑胺和万古霉素等多种抗生素敏感。结果表明，瑞士乳杆菌WHH2580菌株特性优良，其发酵乳具有显著的ACE抑制活性，应用于降血压功能发酵乳品的开发具有市场前景。     

瑞士乳杆菌ND01(L.helveticus ND01)发酵乳中ACE抑制活性和γ-氨基丁酸的研究

从81株分离自新疆地区传统酸马奶中的乳杆菌中筛选到瑞士乳杆菌(L. helveticus)ND01.以该菌发酵1l%脱脂乳,测定其不同发酵时间的ACE抑制活性、游离氨基氮、γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)、pH值、OD值和滴定酸度.测定结果表明:37℃发酵24 h,发酵乳的ACE抑制活性最大值为67.18%;发酵至30h,γ-氨基丁酸的最大含量为165.11 mg/L;该菌株在pH 3.50条件下生长特性良好,具有较强的蛋白分解能力,为开发降血压乳制品提供可行性.     

传统发酵蔬菜中乳杆菌的产酸性能的研究

以从陕西传统发酵蔬菜中筛选出的12株乳杆菌为研究对象,通过测定其在MRS液体培养基中的总酸和pH值的变化以及在牛乳中的酸度和pH值的变化,对其产酸性能进行比较,最终得出3株产酸能力较强的菌株,其分别是c4、z2和h2。     

香肠发酵乳杆菌的基本特性

试验从香肠发酵的基本需要出发，对清酒乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、双发酵乳杆菌、瑞干乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、发酵乳杆菌的基本性质进行了探讨。结果表明：几种菌对大肠杆菌、金葡菌、沙门氏菌均具有一定的抑制作用；对亚硝酸盐耐受浓度大于0．1％，对NaCl耐受浓度大于6％；致死温度为55－65℃；具有一定蛋白酶活性，发酵葡萄糖产酸不产气，不能产生H2S;除发酵乳杆菌外均无氨基酸脱氨酶活性；不能分解精氨酸产碱。以上特性使它们作为香肠发酵菌株成为可能。     

德氏乳杆菌QS701产ACE抑制肽发酵条件的优化

通过单因素和正交实实验对德氏乳杆菌QS701产ACE抑制肽的发酵条件进行优化,以期提高ACE抑制肽的产量,并对该菌株的生长特征进行探讨。结果显示,影响ACE抑制活性的发酵条件的顺序为:发酵时间>发酵温度>接种量,在此实验中,德氏乳杆菌QS701的最佳发酵条件为:接种量3%、温度43℃、发酵时间72 h,在此条件下ACE抑制率可达到81.58%,所以将此发酵条件应用于ACE抑制肽的制备中。     

瑞士乳杆菌发酵乳制备ACE 抑制肽的条件优化

本研究以脱脂乳为主要原料,对瑞士乳杆菌发酵产生血管紧张素转化酶(angiotensin I-converting enzyme,ACE)抑制肽工艺条件进行研究。通过单因素试验和响应面试验设计,确定瑞士乳杆菌发酵脱脂乳生产ACE 抑制肽的最佳工艺条件为：脱脂乳浓度9.67%(m/V)、底物灭菌时间30min、接种量3%(V/V),温度38.82℃、发酵时间6.26h,测得ACE 抑制率为92.26%。研究结果证实利用发酵法生产乳源ACE 抑制活性肽对控制高血压具有重要意义。     

海藻酸钠固定瑞士乳杆菌条件优化

采用海藻酸钠固定瑞士乳杆菌,制备具有血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制活性的酸乳,通过单因素试验和L9(34)正交试验确定其最优固定条件。结果表明,最优固定条件是1.5g/100mL海藻酸钠溶液、菌液浓度1:10(m/V)、0.1mol/L CaCl2溶液、固定时间1h。将固定化的瑞士乳杆菌与传统酸乳发酵剂(保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌)复配接入到11g/100mL牛乳中,在37℃条件下发酵至凝乳,凝乳时间为8h,pH值为4.2,凝乳状态好,口感柔和、细腻,成品酸乳ACE抑制活性为70.3%。     

Identification of lactic acid bacteria in traditional fermented yak milk and evaluation of their application in fermented milk products

In this study, 53 strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from Xueo, a traditional fermented yak milk in the western Sichuan Plateau of China, were identified and their use in fermented milk was evaluated. All gram-positive and catalase-negative strains were divided into 6 groups at the level of 87% similarity using amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis. These groups were identified as 6 species using 16S rDNA sequence analysis and atpA gene analysis. The dominant LAB strains in Xueo were Enterococcus durans, Lactobacillus fermentum, and Lactobacillus paracasei, accounting for 45.3, 22.6, and 17.0% of isolates, respectively. Milk fermented with most of the representative strains was high in quality, exhibiting relatively high viscosity, moderate acidity, good sensory quality, and high counts of viable LAB. Fermented milk of E. durans SCA16 and L. fermentum SCA52 achieved the highest scores for overall sensory quality. Most strains displayed antimicrobial activity against at least 1 of 9 spoilage microorganisms. Lactic acid was the main factor inhibiting the growth of spoilage bacteria, and H(2)O(2) was also inhibitory to some extent. Excluding the influence of acid and H(2)O(2), strains SCA52 (L. fermentum) and SCA7 (Lactobacillus plantarum) were antagonistic against some of the indicators, suggesting that the 2 strains may produce a bacteriocin-like substance. Therefore, the development of superior strains isolated from Xueo to ferment milk with similar flavor and texture to Xueo is expected.     

布丁豆腐发酵菌种的选择

利用乳酸菌发酵豆浆,选用了5个不同比例的豆浆和奶混合物培养基对商业菌种（保加利亚乳酸杆菌、嗜热链球菌丁二酮乳酸链球菌、乳酸乳杆菌、乳脂链球菌）进行了培养驯化试验,用以调制适应豆浆环境的生产发酵菌种。并将其应用于发酵豆腐中,为产品加工开发提供参考依据。将驯化后的5种菌分别接入制备好的豆浆烧杯中并在每种菌的最适温度下进行发酵试验,根据凝固时间、产酸性能以及组织状态、发酵风味、香味等感官综合评分淘汰筛选。结果表明：保加利亚乳酸杆菌、嗜热链球菌、丁二酮乳酸链球菌按等比例混合发酵生产的布丁豆腐组织状态和风味较好。     

固定化乳酸菌发酵草莓酸奶工艺研究

研究用海藻酸钠包埋乳酸菌发酵草莓酸奶工艺.研究结果表明固定化乳酸菌发酵草莓酸奶的最佳工艺条件为:海藻酸钠溶液浓度为1.5%,含菌种脱脂乳用量为6mL/100mL海藻酸钠溶液,胶珠的添加量为100mL海藻酸钠溶液/100 mL草莓奶液,胶珠直径为2 mm～3 mm,培养温度为40℃,白砂糖添加量为10%,草莓浆添加量15%.连续发酵结果表明固定化乳酸菌发酵草莓酸奶可连续使用10次.     

Changes in yogurt fermentation characteristics, and antioxidant potential and in vitro inhibition of angiotensin-1 converting enzyme upon the inclusion of peppermint, dill and basil

The present study investigated the effects of peppermint (Mentha piperita), dill (Anethum graveolens) and basil (Ocimum basilicum) on yogurt formation, proteolysis and inhibition of angiotensin-1 converting enzyme (ACE). Herbal-yogurts had faster rates of pH reduction than plain-yogurt. All herbal-yogurts had higher (p < 0.05) antioxidant activities than plain-yogurt, both at the end of fermentation and throughout the storage period. The o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) peptides in herbal-yogurts increased by 28-36% after 7 days of storage. All herbal-yogurts showed higher anti-ACE activity than plain-yogurt at corresponding storage periods. M. piperita yogurt had highest inhibitory effect on ACE activity throughout the storage period. Peppermint, dill and basil may be used to modify microbial fermentation of milk with the intention of producing dairy products with higher antioxidant and enhanced anti-ACE activities.     

Isolation, identification and characterisation of the dominant microorganisms of kule naoto: the Maasai traditional fermented milk in Kenya

From 22 samples of kule naoto, the traditional fermented milk products of the Maasai in Kenya, 300 lactic acid bacterial strains were isolated and phenotypically characterised by their ability to ferment different carbohydrates and by additional biochemical tests. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), especially the genus Lactobacillus, followed by Enterococcus, Lactococcus and Leuconostoc, dominated the microflora of these samples. The major Lactobacillus species was Lactobacillus plantarum (60%), with a lower frequency of isolation for Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Most strains produced enzymes such as beta-galactosidase and peptidases, which are of relevance to cultured dairy product processing, and exhibited similar patterns of enzymatic activity between species. Enterobacteriaceae could not be detected in 15 out of 22 samples (detection level 10(2)/ml). Conversely, yeasts (detection level 10(1)/ml) were detected in those samples in which Enterobacteriaceae were not found. The pH values of all these samples were < 4.5.     

苹果酵素复合型羊乳的制备及抗氧化活性研究

苹果酵素具有良好的抗氧化活性,为了增加发酵羊乳的抗氧化活性,作者采用苹果酵素与复合发酵剂发酵羊乳,并研究其理化指标及抗氧化活性。依据发酵羊乳的理化指标和感官评价指标,确定苹果酵素添加质量分数、发酵剂类型和发酵剂添加质量分数:苹果酵素添加质量分数4%,B发酵剂添加质量分数为1%时,发酵羊乳蛋白质含量为3.85 g/hg,脂肪含量为3.72 g/hg,非脂乳固体含量为9.28 g/hg,对DPPH自由基清除能力为95.17%,且发酵羊乳凝固状态好,具有发酵羊乳特有的滋味、气味及苹果口味,酸度、甜度合适,为发酵羊乳制品的研究与开发提供理论基础。     

Fermentation of specially formulated milk with single strains of bifidobacteria

A number of strains of bifidobacteria have been used to ferment milk to a yoghurt-like product. The milk used for fermentation was fortified with whey protein and threonine. It was prepared by mixing skimmed milk and cheddar cheese whey which had been concentrated using ultrafiltration membranes which allowed lactose to permeate. A 2 percent inoculum was used, and fermentation was carried out at 37° C overnight. The resulting products resembled voghurt, having good consistency. 'walnutty' aroma (acetaldehyde). and pleasant acidity.     

Occurrence and characterization of yeasts isolated from artisanal Fiore Sardo cheese

The occurrence of yeast microflora in artisanal Fiore Sardo cheese during ripening was studied. Mean yeast counts ranged from 2.64+/-1 log(10) cfu ml(-1) in milk to 0.65+/-1 log(10) cfu g(-1) in 9 months cheese, with the higher counts observed in 48-h-old cheese. Strains belonging to the prevalent species Debaryomyces hansenii, Kluyveromyces lactis, Geotrichum candidum, Candida zeylanoides and Candida lambica were selected for technological and genotypic characterization. All D. hansenii strains fermented glucose and assimilated lactate, a high percentage assimilated citrate and only a few showed proteolytic and lipolytic activity. All K. lactis strains were able to both assimilate and ferment lactose, to assimilate lactate and to exhibit proteolytic activity on casein. G. candidum assimilated lactate and some strains showed proteolytic and lipolytic activity. C. zeylanoides showed lipolytic activity on tweens and the majority of strains assimilated citrate. C. lambica fermented glucose and assimilated lactate. Considering their diffusion and technological characteristics, an important role for K. lactis and G. candidum in the early stages of the ripening process and for D. hansenii after the first month of ripening can be suggested. RAPD-PCR analysis with M13 primer grouped the isolates in well-separated clusters with their type strains and confirmed the previous phenotypic identification. The high intraspecific homogeneity observed in tested strains could be explained by their isolation from a common substrate and from neighbouring geographical areas. This preliminary study allowed us to isolate autochthon yeast strains showing particular properties which can contribute to the production of typical cheese taste and flavour.     

凝固型蜂蜜酸奶高还原糖转化率菌株的诱变育种

通过对两种乳酸菌(德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种和唾液链球菌嗜热亚种)进行紫外线(UV)和硫酸二乙酯(DES)单因素诱变,确定了适宜紫外线照射时间、DES诱变的振荡时间;以UV和DES对两种菌进行复合诱变,筛选得到性能优良的两种乳酸菌各一株。复合诱变所得菌株的遗传性能稳定,还原糖转化率较出发菌株分别提高了24.65%和21.73%;发酵所得蜂蜜酸奶品质优良,满足了凝固型蜂蜜酸奶发酵对菌种的要求。