多元醇葡糖苷酯型淀粉基表面活性剂的研制

本文以天然淀粉制备的多元醇葡糖苷与脂肪酸或脂肪酸甲酯为原料研制了多元醇葡糖苷酯型淀粉基表面活性剂。考察了不同的酯化方法，测定了制得的产物性能，结果表明这类表面活性剂具有较强的表面活性和相当好的乳化性能。     

癸基葡糖苷的合成与性能研究

在酸性介质中，采用直接催化法合成了淀粉基表面活性剂癸基葡糖苷，确定了合成工艺条件，产物收率≥９３．５％．性能测试结果表明，癸基葡糖苷具有表面张力低、起泡和润湿性能优良等优点，是一种新型的非离子表面活性剂     

淀粉转化产物乙二醇葡糖苷的性能与应用

本文介绍了新型淀粉基化工原料乙二醇葡糖苷的性能、合成方法及其在制备聚醚、聚氨酯塑料、醇酸树脂、表面活性剂及作为化妆品保湿剂等方面的应用情况。     

乙二醇葡萄糖苷的制备与分离提纯

以葡萄糖和乙二醇为原料,以磷酸为催化剂,制备了乙二醇葡糖苷,研究了原料比、反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量对葡萄糖转化率的影响,并用正丁醇萃取的方法从乙二醇葡糖苷中除去乙二醇。     

乙二醇葡糖苷的分离纯化

以葡萄糖和乙二醇为原料,以磷酸为催化剂,制备了乙二醇葡糖苷。采用萃取的方法对乙二醇葡糖苷进行初步分离,再用G15交联葡聚糖凝胶进行层析柱分离,以质量分数0.2‰的迭氮化钠溶液做流动相,体积流量为0.9 mL/min,可使乙二醇与乙二醇葡糖苷完全分离,实现除去乙二醇的目的。     

萝卜花色苷的结构研究

红皮白心萝卜的色素提取物经大孔树脂XAD-7HP和葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20纯化后,结合半制备色谱制备花色苷单体,最后通过LC-MSn和NMR技术手段对萝卜花色苷单体的结构进行分析。通过LC-MSn鉴定出萝卜皮中主要存在四种主要的花色苷,都是以天竺葵色素为苷元,带一个单糖和一个二糖的花色苷衍生物,即以天竺葵-3-槐糖苷-5-葡糖苷为基本结构,带有一个或是两个酰基化的基团,如丙二酸、阿魏酸或香豆酸。经由1H NMR方法,其中三种花色苷的具体结构鉴定为:3-[6-(对香豆酰)-L-葡萄苷(2→1)-葡糖苷]-5-D-吡喃葡糖苷天竺葵素、3-[6-(阿魏酰)-L-葡萄苷(2→1)-葡糖苷]-5-D-吡喃葡糖苷天竺葵素、3-[6-(对香豆酰)-L-葡萄苷(2→1)-葡糖苷]-5-[(6-丙二酰)-D-吡喃葡糖苷]天竺葵素。通过质谱信息和文献报道,第四种花色苷的结构应为3-[6-(阿魏酰)-L-葡糖苷(2→1)-葡糖苷]-5[-(6-丙二酰)-D-吡喃葡糖苷]天竺葵素。     

表面活性剂的协同效应对羊毛匀染性的影响

以多元醇脂肪酸酯醚、多元醇磷酸酯醚为主要组分，研究两与脂肪醇醚、烷基酚醚、烷基酚醚磷酸酯衍生物及多元醇脂肪酸酯的协同效应对羊毛染色匀染性的影响。     

木材制浆用的水基聚酯消泡剂

国际专利No51708(2000.9.8)提供制备供制浆用的消泡剂,采用二聚脂肪酸,脂肪酸与两种不同的聚烯烃多元醇例如聚丙烯乙二醇、聚乙烯乙二醇反应     

涤纶变形丝油剂的使用性能

介绍了由脂肪酸多元醇酯、非离子表面活性剂和阳离子表面活性剂复配的涤纶变形丝油剂的性能和应用。     

复合丝素膜的制备

分别采用添加低级多元醇和施加增强的手段制备复合丝素膜，探讨了膜的强力，伸长度，热水溶失率，透水性，透汽性等性能，指出低级多元醇与丝素交联的结果，能明显改善膜的机械性能，降低膜的热水溶性失率，施加增强材料可以制备高强力丝素膜。     

Sterol composition of Bulgarian soya and corn oils

The free sterols, the sterol esters and the sterol glycosides of the raw soya and corn oils as well as those of the technical lecithin and the deodorizer distillated of the latter oils were isolated by preparative TLC. The composition of each of the isolated sterol derivatives was determined by GLC and MS. Sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol and an unknown sterol with a molecular weight of 428 are contained in almost all of the examined fractions of the soya oil and its refinement byproducts. Dehydrocampesterol is present in the free sterols of the raw soya oil and the soya lecithin. Stigmasterol is contained in the soya deodorizer distillate in high amounts. It was established that cholesterol was present in the sterol esters of the raw soya oil high amounts. Delta7-stigmastenol occurs only in the sterol esters of the latter oil. Sitosterol, campesterol and stimgasterol are the main components of all sterol fractions of the corn oil and its refinement products. Dehydrocampesterol and unknown sterols with molecular weights of 428 are present in the free sterols of the raw corn oil. Some sterol glycosides of the soya and corn lecithin are esterified with the same major fatty acid components of the glycerides, palmitic acid being the main one. The fatty acid compositon of sterol esters of the raw soya and corn oil roughly corresponds to the fatty acid composition of oils.     

Lipids of berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) seed

Berseem seed oil was fractionated into non-polar and polar components. Tentative identification was made of hydrocarbons, sterol esters, triglycerides, free fatty acids and partial glycerides in the non-polar fraction and of lysophosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl inositol, lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, digalactosyl diglycerides, sterol glycosides, phosphatidic acid, monogalactosyl diglycerides, cerebrosides and esterified sterol glycosides in the polar fraction. The fatty acid constituents of the major polar and of all the non-polar lipid components are also reported.     

生物柴油低温过滤阻塞性能的影响因素及评价方法

生物柴油低温过滤阻塞性能差是阻碍生物柴油发展的重要原因之一。为了加强生物柴油行业规范化,促进生物柴油产业健康发展,综述了生物柴油低温过滤阻塞性能的影响因素和评价方法,并根据不同影响因素提出了建议。生物柴油中饱和脂肪酸甲酯、脂肪酸甘油酯、游离甘油、甾醇糖苷均会影响生物柴油低温过滤阻塞性能。可通过调变生物柴油分子结构,添加流动性改进剂和冷冻分离饱和脂肪酸甲酯等方法,减少饱和脂肪酸甲酯对生物柴油低温过滤阻塞性能的负面影响。ASTM D7501是评价生物柴油低温过滤阻塞性能的有效方法。在ASTM D7501基础上,制定的适用于我国生物柴油低温过滤阻塞性能评价的试验方法,对于促进我国生物柴油产品品质提升具有现实意义。     

The lipids of young cassava (Manihot esculenta,Crantz) leaves

Lipids were extracted quantitatively from young cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) leaves with a chloroform-methanol mixture. Total lipids were purified by the Folch procedure and separated into non-polar lipid, glycolipid and phospholipid fractions by column chromatography. Lipids of each fraction were further subjected to thin layer chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography. Young cassava leaves were found to have low content of lipids (3.02%) of which 22.4, 25.1 and 48.2 were non-polar lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids, respectively. Pigments (11.5%), wax and hydrocarbons (1.2%), steryl esters (2.9%), methyl esters of fatty acids (2.0%), trigly-cerides (1.5%), fatty acids (2.1%), diglycerides (1.1%) and sterols (0.1%) constituted the leaf non-polar lipids. The leaf glycolipids were made up of esterified steryl glycosides (2.1%), monogalactosyl diglycerides (12.5%), steryl glycosides (1.1%), cerebrosides (4.2%) and digalactosyl diglycerides (5.2%). The leaf phospholipids were found to include cardiolipin (3.6%), phosphatidylglycerol (21.5%), phosphatidylethanolamine (16.4%), phosphatidylserine (0.7%), phosphatidylinositol (4.0%) and other unidentified phospholipids (2.5%). Phosphatidylcholine was present only in trace quantity. Analysis of the fatty acid composition of each of the leaf lipids revealed that, with the exception of steryl esters, all leaf lipids have high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids.     

Lipids in cereals. 1. Pennisetum typhoideum

Two improved strains of Pennisetum typhoideum (‘bajra’) were found to have a free lipid content of about 5.0% and bound lipid content of about 0.5%. In the non-polar fraction, sterol esters and hydrocarbons, triglycerides, free fatty acids, free sterols and partial glycerides were present with triglycerides as the principal constituents. Polar lipids were separated by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography and lecithin was found to be the major component. Sterol-containing glycolipids (sterol glycosides and esterified sterol glycosides) were present in appreciable amounts. Phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl inositol, lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine, lysolecithin, phosphatidic acid, poly-glycerophosphatide, mono- and di-galactosyl glycerides and cerebrosides have also been tentatively identified.     

超高效液相色谱-质谱联用分析茶叶中酚酸类化合物的组成及分布

采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术建立同时测定茶叶样品中游离型、游离酯型、结合型、可溶性糖苷型及不溶性糖苷型等不同形态酚酸的分析方法。以70%甲醇溶液直接提取样品中的游离型酚酸,该提取液分别以2 mol/L NaOH溶液（含1 g/100 mL抗坏血酸和10 mmol/L乙二胺四乙酸）和1 mol/L HCl溶液水解以释放游离酯型与可溶性糖苷型酚酸;提取后的样品残渣分别以碱水解、酸水解方式释放结合型与不溶性糖苷型酚酸。23 种酚酸类化合物在50～1 000 μg/L范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数（r）均高于0.996,相对标准偏差小于8.84%;茶叶样品中游离型酚酸的回收率为71.14%～105.43%,游离酯型酚酸和可溶性糖苷型酚酸的回收率分别为82.81%～108.93%、39.09%～102.25%。在茶叶中鉴定出14 种酚酸类化合物,总含量范围为7.84～12.90 mg/g。     

脂肪酸乙酯的制备与纯化

介绍了合成脂肪酸乙酯的油脂乙醇解法和脂肪酸与乙醇酯化法的制备过程和优缺点,并分析了脂肪酸乙酯纯化方法及现状。     

基于植物油中脂肪酸烷基酯含量变化鉴别废弃油脂

采用固相萃取柱净化,气相色谱-质谱联用法测定了6种植物油中脂肪酸烷基酯(包括脂肪酸甲酯和脂肪酸乙酯)的含量,并研究其在植物油煎炸、废弃及废弃油脂精炼等环节中的变化。结果发现,6种植物油中脂肪酸烷基酯的含量均低于30 mg/kg,而植物油在废弃过程中可能会形成大量脂肪酸乙酯,生成量与油脂是否烹饪及废弃物中乙醇含量有关。脂肪酸烷基酯在脱色工艺中不能被去除,但在脱臭中可被去除。因此,可以通过测定植物油中脂肪酸烷基酯含量发现废弃油脂,为废弃油脂的鉴别工作提供新的思路。     

应用脂肪酸甲酯快速筛选植物油中掺假地沟油

根据植物油和地沟油中脂肪酸酯存在方式的不同,建立植物油中地沟油掺假的快速筛选方法。植物油中脂肪酸是以甘油三酯的形式存在,地沟油中脂肪酸以脂肪酸甲酯的形式存在,利用气相色谱-质谱的全扫描模式,结合NIST 05标准谱库检索功能,对37 种脂肪酸甲酯进行测定。样品采用直接稀释-气相色谱-质谱全扫描分析脂肪酸甲酯,100 个植物油样品中均未检出脂肪酸甲酯;20 个地沟油样品中13 个检出肉豆蔻酸甲酯（C14∶0）、棕榈酸甲酯（C16∶0）和硬脂酸甲酯（C18∶0）等14 种脂肪酸甲酯,检出率为65%,且70%的检出脂肪酸甲酯的地沟油样品中脂肪酸甲酯种类多、含量较高。因此,若植物油样品脂肪酸甲酯种类多、含量高,则可判定为有地沟油掺假;若脂肪酸甲酯含量低或没有脂肪酸甲酯,则可以进一步用其他指标和方法进行检测,脂肪酸甲酯的检测方法可以作为地沟油掺假的快速粗筛方法。     

酶法合成生物表面活性剂

总结了外源酶催化法和整胞微生物代谢法合成生物表面活性剂的特点,并将外源酶催化法对整胞微生物代谢法及传统化学合成法的优势进行了比较.详细介绍了单甘酯、糖酯、(溶血)磷脂、纯异头烷基糖苷和氨基酸型表面活性剂等生物表面活性剂的酶催化合成方法及其研究进展;展望了酶工程的进步、化学 酶催化技术进展、外源多酶联合催化技术的开发与应用、酶膜反应器和其它连续酶反应器的开发,以及反应 分离耦合技术在酶催化过程中的应用将给酶法合成生物表面活性剂带来的机遇.