软包装即食湿面食用品质及保鲜工艺的研究

即食保鲜湿面因其"营养、卫生、方便、快捷"的特点日益受到消费者的喜爱,但由于其含水量较高,微生物易繁殖,因此湿面的保鲜贮存与食用品质问题是生产过程中的主要问题。从原料品质、产品配方以及生产工艺等方面研究和探讨相关因素对湿面品质及保鲜的影响,为其工业化生产提供参考。     

制面工艺对保鲜湿面酸感影响的研究

加工工艺不仅影响保鲜湿面的口感,也影响保鲜湿面的酸感。该研究首先建立了保鲜湿面酸感的评价方法,对用相同的原料、不同的制面工艺所制作的保鲜湿面进行酸感评分、对比,发现酸液浓度以及面刀粗细均对面体的酸感有影响,且呈正相关。     

生湿面的保鲜技术及应用研究进展

生湿面作为近几年发展起来的新型面条制品,因其丝滑的口感、独特的手工面风味和较高的营养价值,受到越来越多消费者的喜爱。但生湿面含水量高,容易腐败变质,不宜长期储存,这成为制约其大规模生产的关键因素。文章主要对常用于生湿面的保鲜技术进行了归纳总结,如传统生湿面的保鲜方法,热处理、酒精处理、有机酸处理;现代生湿面保鲜方法,辐照保鲜、生物保鲜、建立微生物生长预测模型等,并对它们各自的技术特点和应用情况进行了阐述分析。最后,强调了生物保鲜技术、复合保鲜技术和新型保鲜技术在生湿面中的应用前景,以期对生湿面的保鲜和工业化生产提供一定的理论支撑。     

生鲜湿面防腐保鲜技术研究进展

生鲜湿面因其筋道、新鲜等特性深受消费者喜爱。但其水分活度高,容易腐败变质,因此生鲜湿面的防腐保鲜始终是生产中一个重要问题。对生鲜湿面腐败过程中的主要微生物种类进行了综述,然后介绍了国内外将防腐剂、微波、辐照、包装及复合处理技术应用于生鲜湿面保鲜的研究进展。最后对生鲜湿面保鲜技术进行了展望。     

鲜湿面条保鲜贮藏技术研究进展

本文针对鲜湿面条的特点,阐述了影响鲜湿面条保鲜期的主要因素,包括原料、水分、加工工艺和贮藏温度几个方面。介绍了相应的解决方法,如调控pH、降低水分活度、添加防腐剂、不同的杀菌方式、工艺包装保鲜和栅栏技术等,对近年来鲜湿面条的保鲜方法进行了论述。最后对鲜湿面条保鲜及未来发展方向做出展望。     

保鲜湿面的生产现状与品质管理

保鲜湿面经过十年发展,在生产技术上已经基本成熟,各企业的生产经验也日趋丰富。但是国内市场状况依然没有完全突破,也没有象专家预言的那样取代油炸方便面。而在国际市场上,保鲜湿面的市场份额逐年增长,北京诚一等保鲜湿面公司已经连续出口3年多,出口的国家有英国、澳大利亚等国家及我国的香港地区,出口量达到总销售量的90%左右。这需要我们从新的角度重新认识并调整保鲜湿面今后的研究和发展方向,以致力于国内市场的开拓。但保鲜湿面的生产在品质保证方面还存在一定的问题,文中对保鲜湿面的生产技术和研究现状做了介绍并对今后的质量保证体系加以探讨,以期加快其开拓市场的步伐。     

保鲜湿面保鲜及储藏技术研究现状

保鲜湿面经过多年的发展,生产技术已经基本成熟。该文就保鲜湿面的保鲜、护色、加工工艺以及储藏技术进行概述,并对保鲜湿面的发展前景及对策提出几点建议,以期加快开拓其市场的步伐。     

出口榨菜全过程安全控制方法研究与示范应用IV出口榨菜风险因素分析与监测及管理研究

风险分析是保证出口食品安全质量的一种新的管理模式。本文研究了出口榨菜风险因素、初步开展了风险监测提出了风险管理措施。结果表明存在4个风险因素, 产品风险包括质量安全、易腐性、贮藏与运输、研发和诚信等5方面;产业链风险包括种植基地安全、种植过程、病虫害、辅料、包装、加工等6方面;发展模式与速度风险和检测风险等共13个风险点。收集2006-2010年出口榨菜36个安全项目5036个检测数据。显示榨菜安全水平较高, 高风险的有甜蜜素, 苯甲酸, 非传统安全因素; 较高风险重金属, 农药残留和微生物污染。     

生湿面保鲜技术研究现状

文章介绍了生湿面贮藏期间主要存在的保鲜问题,并全面地概述了化学保鲜剂、气调、辐照等保鲜技术在生湿面应用中的国内外研究现状及发展趋势。     

鲜湿米粉的保鲜与品质改良研究进展

鲜湿米粉具有食用简单方便、韧性口感较好等特点,但是鲜湿米粉储藏期短,大多是小作坊生产,存在产品质量参差不齐、卫生条件差、生产效率较低等问题。因此对鲜湿米粉进行更加深入的探索研究,改良鲜湿米粉的品质,延长其货架期成为重中之重。本文主要综述了保鲜剂和保鲜工艺对鲜湿米粉的保鲜以及原料、生产工艺和添加剂对米粉品质的影响,为鲜湿米粉的储藏保鲜与品质改良提供了一定的参考。     

常用消毒灭菌法及其机理与应用

介绍了采用消毒灭菌方法,有加热消毒法,紫外线辐射法和化学药剂消毒法。常用化学药剂有醛类、含氯消毒剂、醇类消毒剂以及高锰酸钾、生石灰等,阐释了消毒与灭菌两个概念的区别。     

Probiotics and prebiotics--perspectives and challenges

Owing to their health benefits, probiotics and prebiotics are nowadays widely used in yogurts and fermented milks, which are leader products of functional foods worldwide. The world market for functional foods has grown rapidly in the last three decades, with an estimated size in 2003 of ca US$ 33 billion, while the European market estimation exceeded US$ 2 billion in the same year. However, the production of probiotics and prebiotics at industrial scale faces several challenges, including the search for economical and abundant raw materials for prebiotic production, the low-cost production of probiotics and the improvement of probiotic viability after storage or during the manufacturing process of the functional food. In this review, functional foods based on probiotics and prebiotics are introduced as a key biotechnological field with tremendous potential for innovation. A concise state of the art addressing the fundamentals and challenges for the development of new probiotic- and prebiotic-based foods is presented, the niches for future research being clearly identified and discussed.     

益生素、益生菌与结肠癌

介绍了益生素和益生菌及其作用机理。在动物模型中，有大量的数据证实益生素和益生菌能够预防癌症．而在人体内还没有直接实验证据。它们抑制癌症的确切机理目前尚不清楚，其抑制机理可能是：肠道菌群代谢活动的改变，肠道理化环境的改变，潜在的致癌物质的黏附和降解，肠道菌群的改变、抗癌或抗诱变物质的形成、提高宿主的免疫应答、影响宿主的生理活动以及发酵不能被消化的食物并形成有益代谢产物。     

毛霉型低盐速成豆豉工业化生产工艺与设备

本文介绍了毛霉型低盐速成豆豉的工业化生产工艺及生产线的关键设备。     

European citizen and consumer attitudes and preferences regarding beef and pork

This paper presents the combined mid-term findings of the consumer research components of two EU Sixth Framework Programme integrated projects concerning meat, ProSafeBeef and Q-PorkChains. The consumer pillar of ProSafeBeef carried out eight focus group discussions in May 2008, in France, Germany, Spain and the UK. Q-PorkChains conducted a large-scale, web-based, consumer survey in January 2008 in Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Greece and Poland. The first project provides a set of qualitative data from a small cohort of focus groups and the second a set of quantitative data from a larger consumer sample. This paper draws together the main findings of both projects and provides a comprehensive overview of European citizens’ and consumers’ attitudes towards and preferences regarding beef and pork. In general, consumers consider meat to be a healthy and important component of the diet. Consumers support the development of technologies that can improve the health attributes of meat products and guarantee eating quality, but they have a negative view of what they see to be excessive manipulation and lack of naturalness in the production and processing of beef products. In the Q-PorkChains study consumer and citizen segments are identified and profiled. Consumer segments were built upon the frequency and variety of pork consumption. The citizen segments were built upon their attitudes towards pig production systems. Overall, the relationship between individuals’ views as citizens and their behaviour as consumers was found to be quite weak and did not appear to greatly or systematically influence meat-buying habits. Future studies in both projects will concentrate on consumers’ acceptance of innovative meat product concepts and products, with the aim of boosting consumer trust and invigorating the European beef and pork industries.     

节能节水型印染助剂和设备的现状

从节能、节水、缩短工艺流程和环保的角度出发，介绍了国内外研制开发的一系列新型节能、节水型印染助剂和染整设备。     

Heritability and correlations for body condition score and dairy form within and across lactation and age

The objectives of the current study were to investigate the relationship between body condition score (BCS) and dairy form and changes in genetic parameters for BCS and dairy form within and across lactations and age. Body condition score and dairy form were obtained from the Holstein Association USA, Inc. Records were edited to include those cows classified between 24 and 60 mo of age and between 0 and 335 d in milk (DIM). A minimum of 20 daughters per sire and 15 cows per herd-classification visit were required. The dataset consisted of 135,178 records from 119,215 cows. Repeatability, multiple trait, and random regression models were used to analyze the data. All models included fixed effects for herd-classification visit, age within lactations 1, 2, and 3 or higher, and 5th-order polynomials for DIM. Random effects included sire and permanent environment for all models. Random regression models included age at classification nested within sire or DIM and lactation number nested within sire. Genetic variance for both BCS and dairy form was lowest in early lactation and highest in midlactation. Genetic correlations within and across lactations were high. The genetic correlation between DIM 0 in lactation 1 and DIM 305 in lactation 3 was estimated to be 0.77 for BCS and 0.60 for dairy form. The genetic correlation estimate between 30 mo of age at classification and 50 mo of age at classification was 0.94 for both dairy form and BCS. The repeatability models appeared to generate accurate evaluations for BCS or dairy form at all ages and stages of lactation.     

原花色素及其开发应用

对原花色素的结构、化学特性、制备、分析方法、应用前景作一综述,并重点讨论其生理功能,为在功能性食品、药物、化妆品等领域的深入研究和开发提供参考。     

组学技术与果蔬采后质量和安全控制

果蔬可以提供营养, 有利于人类健康, 而果蔬的后熟及其与环境的相互作用会影响果蔬采后的质量和安全。对果蔬生物学过程的了解和掌握是减少果蔬采后损失和保障果蔬采后质量和安全的关键。在过去的10多年, 基于组学技术的系统生物学在了解果蔬后熟及其与环境相互作用的分子机制方面得到了越来越多的应用。本文对此做了细致的总结, 指出了存在的不足, 并提出了未来的发展方向。     

天然香精香料与生物技术

天然香精香料是高价值的精细化工产品和食品添加剂,但原料来源有限且提取成本高。利用生物技术生产这类产品具有广阔的前景。简述了发酵工程、酶工程、细胞工程和基因工程在香精香料中的应用,并探讨了生物技术在香精香料中的应用前景。