亚麻籽分离蛋白流变学特性的研究

研究了亚麻籽分离蛋白的提取和其流变学特性,通过实 验确定了亚麻籽分离蛋白的溶解性、粘度、起泡性与温 度、浓度、溶液pH、无机盐等因素的关系。亚麻籽分离蛋 白的等电点在pH4.5-5.5范围内,在该范围内,其溶解 性、粘度、起泡性均较弱;亚麻籽分离蛋白的粘度随浓度 的增加而增大,表现为非牛顿型假塑性流体。     

亚麻籽蛋白质流变学特性研究

研究了亚麻籽蛋白质的提取和流变学特性,通过试验确定了亚麻籽蛋白质的溶解性、粘度、起泡性与温度、浓度、溶液pH值、无机盐等因素的关系.亚麻籽蛋白的等电点在pH 4.5～5.5范围内,在该范围内,其溶解性、粘度、起泡性均较弱.亚麻籽蛋白的粘度随浓度的增加而增大,表现为非牛顿型假塑性流体.     

油莎豆分离蛋白流变学特性的研究

油莎豆分离蛋白是以油莎豆为原料,经浸泡、磨浆、分离等一系列操作而者到组分均一的蛋白质。本文详细研究了油莎豆分离蛋白的流变学特性,通过试验,找出了油莎豆分离蛋白的溶解性、粘度、起泡性与温度、浓度、溶液pH值、无机盐等因素的关系。油莎豆分离蛋白的等电点在pH＝4．4－5．5范围内,在该范围内,其溶解性、粘度、起泡性最弱。油莎豆分离蛋白的粘度随浓度的增加而增大,表现为非牛顿型假塑性流体。     

两种干燥方式对亚麻籽分离蛋白功能性质的影响研究

以亚麻籽冷榨饼为原料,采用真空冷冻干燥和喷雾干燥两种方式制备分离蛋白,研究两种干燥方式对亚麻籽分离蛋白功能性质的影响。结果表明:真空冷冻干燥亚麻籽分离蛋白的溶解性、持水性、吸油性、乳化性、乳化稳定性和泡沫稳定性均高于喷雾干燥亚麻籽分离蛋白,而后者的起泡性高于前者。在中性条件下真空冷冻干燥和喷雾干燥亚麻籽分离蛋白的持水性分别为6.75 g/g和5.74 g/g;亚麻籽分离蛋白吸油性较好,在30℃时,喷雾干燥亚麻籽分离蛋白的吸油性为1.91 g/g,冷冻干燥亚麻籽分离蛋白是其3.09倍。亚麻籽分离蛋白的持水性、乳化性和乳化稳定性随着p H的变化曲线与溶解性相似,均在p H 4时最小。     

胡麻籽分离蛋白的溶解性与起泡性研究

为促进胡麻籽分离蛋白在食品工业中的应用,研究了pH值、盐浓度、蛋白质浓度等因素对其水溶性、起泡性和泡沫稳定性的影响。pH值对胡麻籽分离蛋白溶解度的影响呈典型的V形曲线。NaCl浓度为0.4mol/L前后胡麻籽分离蛋白表现出明显的盐溶与盐析效应。在0.1%～0.8%范围内,提高蛋白质浓度能增强起泡性与泡沫稳定性。在等电点附近,胡麻籽分离蛋白的起泡性最差但却具有最强的泡沫稳定性。NaCl对胡麻籽分离蛋白的起泡性的影响与其对溶解性的影响有相同的趋势。蔗糖能提高胡麻籽分离蛋白的泡沫稳定性,但当浓度高于5%时,对起泡性有负面影响。     

红小豆分离蛋白功能特性研究

研究红小豆分离蛋白的溶解性、吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、起泡性和起泡稳定性,并与大豆分离蛋白进行对比。结果表明:红小豆分离蛋白在较低的pH值下具有更好的溶解性,吸油性、乳化性和起泡性与大豆分离蛋白相当,但比大豆分离蛋白具有更好的乳化稳定性和起泡稳定性。     

燕麦分离蛋白的提取及功能性测定

以裸燕麦为原料,采用传统的碱提酸沉法,在料液比为1∶10 g/mL,pH=8.5(碱提)和pH=4.5(酸沉),T=20℃条件下提取燕麦分离蛋白,蛋白提取率为75%,再在不同的pH、离子强度和蛋白浓度条件下,进行燕麦分离蛋白的功能性测定,测定其乳化活性、起泡性、持水性、粘度。结果得出,燕麦分离蛋白在等电点附近时其乳化活性、起泡性、持水性数值最低,离子强度对各功能性指标的影响各不相同,燕麦分离蛋白粘度与其蛋白浓度成正比。     

猪血蛋白肽功能性质的研究

试验测定了猪血蛋白肽的化学成分和等电点,研究了pH、蛋白肽浓度对猪血蛋白肽溶解性、浊度、乳化性、乳化稳定性、起泡性和起泡稳定性的影响。结果表明:本试验所用猪血蛋白肽蛋白含量为85.03%;等电点为pH5,在等电点时,其溶解性、乳化性、乳化稳定性和起泡性最小,而浊度、起泡稳定性在这点最大;温度在50℃时蛋白肽开始变性,高于50℃时蛋白质的溶解性降低,浊度增加。     

脱酚棉籽分离蛋白功能特性研究

为拓宽棉籽蛋白在食品领域应用范围,对棉籽分离蛋白基本功能性质进行分析,结果显示,本试验条件下所得棉籽分离蛋白(CPI)属酸溶性蛋白质,在酸性条件下(pH1～4)溶解性较好(30%～50%),在近中性溶液中溶解性较差,仅20%左右;乳化性受pH值、离子强度和CPI浓度影响不显著;乳化能力较低,但所得乳状液非常稳定;起泡性受pH值、离子强度和CPI浓度等因素影响很大,在中性pH下最高;添加NaCl对CPI溶液起泡能力影响不大,但会显著影响CPI溶液泡沫稳定性,随NaCl浓度增加,溶液泡沫稳定性急剧降低。粘度分析表明,CPI溶液属典型非牛顿流体,有"剪切变稀"和"热变稀"特征。     

紫苏分离蛋白功能性研究

为了开发紫苏蛋白在食品工业中的应用,以大豆分离蛋白为对照,研究紫苏分离蛋白的功能特性。结果表明：紫苏分离蛋白的溶解性与大豆分离蛋白的溶解性随pH值变化的趋势基本一致,但在等电点时紫苏分离蛋白的溶解性高于大豆分离蛋白。在pH7.0时,紫苏分离蛋白的持水性、起泡性及泡沫稳定性、乳化性和凝胶性均不及大豆分离蛋白。但紫苏分离蛋白的吸油性仅稍小于大豆分离蛋白,此外,在紫苏分离蛋白的蛋白质质量浓度为3g/100mL以后,其乳化稳定性与大豆分离蛋白的乳化稳定性基本相当。紫苏分离蛋白在食品加工中作为一种蛋白质强化剂具有一定潜力。     

桑叶蛋白的功能特性研究

采用超声波辅助提取结合盐酸沉析法提取桑叶蛋白,研究pH值、离子强度、蔗糖质量浓度和温度对桑叶蛋白功能特性的影响。结果表明：远离其等电点时,桑叶蛋白具有良好的持水性、溶解度、乳化性及乳化稳定性、起泡性;桑叶蛋白的持水性、溶解度和起泡性与NaCl浓度(0～1.0mol/L)呈正相关,而过高的离子强度(NaCl浓度高于0.6～0.8mol/L)会使桑叶蛋白的乳化性和乳化稳定性下降;蔗糖的加入会增加桑叶蛋白的持水性,但会降低其溶解度和起泡性,对桑叶蛋白的乳化性和乳化稳定性影响不大;桑叶蛋白的吸油性和起泡性与温度(4～80℃)呈正相关,持水性、溶解度、乳化性及乳化稳定性于60℃时最好。     

木瓜蛋白酶水解绿豆分离蛋白研究

该文选用木瓜蛋白酶水解绿豆分离蛋白,主要研究pH、温度、酶浓度及反应时间对酶解反应影响,并对酶解液功能特性进行系统研究。实验表明:酶解后绿豆分离蛋白溶解度、乳化能力、发泡能力大大提高,但粘度下降。     

Functional properties of chhana whey powders

The protein solubility, emulsifying, foaming and gelation properties, and viscosity of solutions of chhana whey protein powders, produced by ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis followed by drying, were studied over the pH range 2.5–9.0. Protein solubility varied from 57–100% and was greatest at low pH values. Chhana whey protein powders had similar emulsifying properties to commercial cheese whey protein powders of similar protein content, although the capacity to form gels when heated to 80°C was much lower, particularly at alkaline pH. the viscosity of solutions of the chhana whey powders was sensitive to pH, but was particularly high in the acidic range. These studies demonstrate considerable potential for the utilization of chhana whey, products in the food industry.     

苦杏仁蛋白的功能特性

采用稀盐溶液浸提及等电点盐析相结合的方法提取制备苦杏仁蛋白,研究pH值、NaCl浓度、蛋白质量浓度和温度等因素对苦杏仁蛋白功能特性(溶解性、持水性、吸油性、乳化性及乳化稳定性、起泡性及起泡稳定性)的影响。结果表明：在等电点pI附近时,苦杏仁蛋白的溶解性、持水性、乳化性及乳化稳定性、起泡性最差;在较低NaCl浓度范围内(0～0.8mol/L)提高NaCl浓度可促进蛋白溶解性、乳化性及乳化稳定性、起泡性及起泡稳定性的提高,而较高的NaCl浓度对蛋白功能特性提高具有抑制作用;当蛋白质量浓度达到一定水平时(3～4g/100mL),蛋白功能特性(乳化性及乳化稳定性、起泡性及起泡稳定性)提高趋于平缓;在适宜的温度范围内,提高温度可有效提高苦杏仁蛋白各项功能特性,但当温度继续上升,各项功能特性持续降低。     

猕猴桃糖蛋白及其去糖链蛋白功能特性的研究

本文研究了25~60 ℃范围内温度对猕猴桃糖蛋白(CGP)及其去糖链蛋白(GPP)吸油性、溶解性、起泡性和乳化性的影响,以及CGP、GPP的浓度及其溶液pH3~7.5和0~5 g/100 mL范围的NaCl离子强度对CGP和GPP溶解性、起泡性和乳化性的影响。结果表明:25~60 ℃温度范围内CGP吸油性、溶解度高于GPP,随温度升高,CGP、GPP溶解度下降,两者的起泡性先降低后升高,CGP乳化性先降低后升高,GPP乳化性先升高后降低;不同pH条件下,CGP的溶解度始终高于GPP,pH3~6范围内CGP、GPP溶解度均先下降后升高,pH3~7.5范围内CGP、GPP起泡性和乳化性先下降后升高;随离子强度的升高,CGP、GPP溶解度均下降,且CGP的溶解度始终高于GPP,CGP的起泡性和乳化性下降,GPP起泡性先下降后升高而乳化性则相反;CGP、GPP起泡性和乳化性均随其浓度的增高而增高,1.0 mg/mL时起泡性和乳化性最高,0.2 mg/mL时最低。     

Peanut protein concentrate: Production and functional properties as affected by processing

Peanut protein concentrate (PPC) was isolated from fermented and unfermented defatted peanut flour by isoelectric precipitation and physical separation procedures. PPC was dried by spray or vacuum drying. PPC powders from each drying technique were evaluated for proximate composition and functional properties (protein solubility, water/oil binding capacity, emulsifying capacity, foaming capacity and viscosity) along with defatted peanut flour and soy protein isolate as references. PPC contained over 85% protein versus 50% protein in the defatted peanut flour used as raw material for PPC production. PPC had a solubility profile similar to that of peanut flour, with minimum solubility observed at pH 3.5–4.5 and maximum solubility at pH 10 and higher. Roasting of peanut reduced all functional properties of defatted peanut flour while fermentation had the reverse effect. The type of drying significantly affected the functional properties of PPC. Spray dried PPCs exhibited better functional properties, particularly emulsifying capacity and foaming capacity, than vacuum oven dried PPC. Spray dried PPCs also showed comparable oil binding and foaming capacity to commercially available soy protein isolate (SPC). At equivalent concentrations and room temperature, PPC suspension exhibited lower viscosity than soy protein isolate (SPI) suspensions. However, upon heating to 90 °C for 30 min, the viscosity of PPC suspension increased sharply. Results obtained from this study suggest that the PPC could be used in food formulations requiring high emulsifying capacity, but would not be suitable for applications requiring high water retention and foaming capacity. PPC could be a good source of protein fortification for a variety of food products for protein deficient consumers in developing countries as well as a functional ingredient for the peanut industry. The production of PPC could also add value to defatted peanut flour, a low value by-product of peanut oil production.     

Solubility, Emulsifying, and Foaming Properties of Rice Bran Protein Concentrates

Rice bran protein concentrates were prepared from full-fat and defatted raw rice bran. Selected functional properties, viz. nitrogen solubility, emulsification properties, and foaming properties were measured over the pH range 2.0 to 10.5 and in three dispersion media including water, 0.1M NaCl (low salt) and 1.0M NaCl (high salt). Below and above the isoelectric pH (4.5) the nitrogen solubility increased. Higher pH enhanced the nitrogen solubility and, thereby, considerably improved the functional properties. In higher salt concentration, nitrogen solubility was reduced which also altered the properties of emulsification and foaming. Multiple regression analysis showed that pH was the primary determinant of nitrogen solubility, emulsification and foaming properties. Multiple regression models including pH, salt concentration and nitrogen solubility as independent variables were found to be more accurate in predicting other functional properties.