FDG-PET在胶质瘤复发诊断中的临床应用

为评价18FDG -PET在胶质瘤复发和坏死鉴别诊断中的价值 ,对经手术治疗或放射治疗后的脑胶质瘤患者 15例进行PET检查。结果表明 ,随访证实复发的 12例胶质瘤患者中 ,11例的FDG -PET显像结果提示肿瘤复发 ,另外未复发的 3例患者 ,FDG -PET结果提示无复发。FDG-PET显像表明 ,胶质瘤复发可以表现为原发部位片状、环状、点状FDG摄取及远隔部位FDG摄取增高。肿瘤复发病变最高放射性浓度比平均白质放射性浓度的比值为 2 .85± 1.0 ,而未复发或放射性改变组织的最高放射性浓度比平均白质放射性浓度的比值为 1.32± 0 .0 7,两者之间差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。结果提示 ,FDG -PET显像有助于胶质瘤放射治疗后患者放射性坏死和复发的鉴别。     

环氧化酶抑制剂Celecoxib增强脑胶质瘤SHG44细胞辐射敏感性的体外实验研究

为了研究COX-2选择性抑制剂celecoxib对人脑胶质瘤细胞SHG44的辐射增敏作用,用MTT法检测celecoxib对细胞存活分数的影响,用克隆法、RT-PCR法检测celecoxib或联合60Coγ射线照射与细胞克隆存活率及COX-2 mRNA表达水平的关系,探讨celecoxib辐射增敏的可能作用机制,为临床有效治疗胶质瘤提供实验依据.结果表明celecoxib细胞毒性作用随浓度升高而升高;celecoxib能抑制细胞克隆形成,联合60Coγ射线照射显示出协同作用;与对照组、单独药物和照射组相比较,celecoxib联合照射后COX-2 mRNA的表达水平均有所降低.本实验研究认为COX-2选择性抑制剂celecoxib对人脑胶质瘤SHiG44细胞具有辐射增敏作用,其机制与COX-2 mRNA表达水平密切相关.     

12C6+离子束照射不同肿瘤细胞显示重离子治疗癌症的明显优势

通过观察两种人恶性肿瘤细胞(人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721和人黑色素瘤细胞A375)对高LET12C6 离子和γ射线辐照的敏感性及其差异,考察重离子治疗肿瘤的可行性及优势.以这两种体外培养的来源于人体不同组织的具有高辐射抗性的恶性肿瘤细胞为实验对象,分别进行12C6 和γ射线0-6Gy内不同剂量点的单次和分次照射,采用克隆存活法统计细胞的存活分数.结果显示,无论是单次还是分次照射,12C6 照射后两种细胞的存活分数均明显低于γ射线照射,而且两种细胞的辐射敏感性差异明显降低,同时分次照射细胞的存活分数没有明显提高.结果表明,高LET重离子照射对肿瘤细胞能明显提高杀伤能力,同时降低了不同细胞辐射敏感性的差异且导致细胞低的修复.以上特点与重离子剂量深度分布相结合,使得重离子在治疗肿瘤时具有特殊的优势.     

单次化疗后肿瘤内~(99)Tc~m-Annexin Ⅴ的分布与bcl-2、bax蛋白表达的相关性研究

采用99Tcm-rh-Annexin Ⅴ作为核素凋亡显像示踪剂,观察小鼠单次化疗后肿瘤内bcl-2与bax蛋白的表达。结果显示,单次化疗后化疗组肿瘤组织的放射性摄取百分数(%/g)、阳性细胞数及bax蛋白表达均明显多于对照组(P<0.01);bcl-2蛋白表达两组间差异无显著性(P=0.220);化疗组bcl-2/bax明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。相关性研究表明,对照组与化疗组肿瘤组织的放射性摄取百分数与TUNEL阳性细胞数均呈明显正相关(r=0.801,r=0.769)。对照组肿瘤组织内bax蛋白表达与放射性摄取及TUNEL阳性细胞数均呈明显正相关(r=0.849、0.652),bcl-2/bax比值与放射性摄取百分数及TUNEL阳性细胞数均呈明显负相关(r=-0.820、-0.694)。以上结果提示,肿瘤组织内99Tcm-rh-Annexin Ⅴ的分布可以反映化疗后早期肿瘤组织细胞凋亡的状况以及凋亡调控蛋白bax表达水平的变化。     

12C6+离子辐照诱发人类肝L02细胞hprt基因突变的研究

本文研究12C6 离子辐照人类肝细胞系L02细胞诱发hprt基因突变与剂量的效应关系,为正确评价重离子对人体正常组织细胞的辐射风险及危害提供基础数据和依据.分别用12C6 离子束(LET为30 keV/μm)和X射线(LET为0.2 keV/μm)对L02细胞进行0～6Gy照射后,用克隆形成法检测细胞的存活分数,另外在含有6-TG的培养基中克隆、筛选hprt突变细胞株,测定突变频率.结果表明:12C6 离子辐照后L02细胞的存活分数明显小于X射线照后.两种射线照射后,每106个存活细胞中突变克隆的个数随照射剂量增大而增大,受照细胞的突变频率也都在1Gy处最大.但相对于X射线,人类肝细胞系L02细胞对高LET重离子辐射更敏感,而且12C6 离子束诱发更多的存活细胞hprt基因突变.     

单次化疗后肿瘤内99Tcm-Annexin V的分布与bcl-2、bax蛋白表达的相关性研究

采用^99Tc^m-rh-Annexin V作为核素凋亡显像示踪剂，观察小鼠单次化疗后肿瘤内bcl-2与bax蛋白的表达。结果显示，单次化疗后化疗组肿瘤组织的放射性摄取百分数（％／g）、阳性细胞数及bax蛋白表达均明显多于对照组（P〈0．01）；bcl-2蛋白表达两组间差异无显著性（P=0．220）；化疗组bcl-2／bax明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）。相关性研究表明，对照组与化疗组肿瘤组织的放射性摄取百分数与TUNEL阳性细胞数均呈明显正相关（r=0．801，r=0．769）。对照组肿瘤组织内bax蛋白表达与放射性摄取及TUNEL阳性细胞数均呈明显正相关（r=0．849、0．652），bcl-2／bax比值与放射性摄取百分数及TUNEL阳性细胞数均呈明显负相关（r=-0．820、-0．694）。以上结果提示，肿瘤组织内^99Tc^m-rh-Annexin V的分布可以反映化疗后早期肿瘤组织细胞凋亡的状况以及凋亡调控蛋白bax表达水平的变化。     

两株人肺癌细胞摄取99Tcm-MIBI的比较

比较2株人肺癌细胞对亲肿瘤显像剂~(99)Tc~m-MIBI的不同摄取特征.细胞摄取~(99)Tc~m-MIBI的动力学行为显示~(99)Tc~m-MIBI在小细胞肺癌(H446)中的摄取显著高于肺腺癌(SPC-1),H446细胞对~(99)Tc~m-MIBI的摄取在120 min内逐渐升高至最大峰值,然后缓慢下降;此摄取可被未标记的MIBI所抑制;H446细胞对~(99)Tc~m-MIBI的摄取与细胞数量呈正相关而与放射性浓度呈负相关;SPC-1细胞对~(99)Tc~m-MIBI的摄取处于低水平状态,无明显峰值.结果显示,不同的肺癌细胞具有对~(99)Tc~m-MIBI的不同摄取特性,这与临床不同类型肺癌患者的~(99)Tc~m-MIBI显像结果不同相符.     

186,188Re-SZ39的药学性能研究

本工作对单克隆抗体ＭＡｂ－ＳＺ３９的铼标记物进行动物体内稳定性、免疫活性、细胞杀伤能力及对荷人脑胶质瘤裸鼠的抑制离等测试。结果表明标记物细胞杀伤能力强，体内较稳定，且能明显抑制肿瘤的生长，作为一种免疫治疗剂具有良好的应用前景。     

~(125)I-OxLDL-Ab在正常小鼠及动脉粥样硬化动物模型体内的生物分布

分别采用高效液相色谱法、紫外分光光度法对OxLDL-Ab进行定性、定量分析,评价~(125)I-OxLDL-Ab在正常动物和动脉粥样硬化模型动物的体内分布。正常动物采用昆明小鼠,模型采用载脂蛋白E基因敲除的小鼠(apolipoprotein E-deficient mice,ApoE~(-/-))。高效液相色谱条件为:磷酸缓冲液(PB,0.2 mol/L,pH=7.4)为流动相,流速1.0mL/min,检测波长220nm;紫外分光光度法测得蛋白浓度的标准曲线为:y=0.664 5x-0.008 3,r2=0.999 7。~(125)I-OxLDL-Ab在正常小鼠体内分布实验结果表明:除甲状腺外,各器官的放射性摄取随时间延长而减少,无明显浓集;在注射~(125)I-OxLDL-Ab后1d各器官代谢消除超过2/3,7d后血液中完全清除。~(125)I-OxLDL-Ab在ApoE~(-/-)鼠体内的分布实验中采用w=2%的KI溶液封闭了甲状腺,消除了甲状腺高摄取的影响;靶器官肺有较高放射性摄取,且在注射后4~8h显示出放射性浓集;除血外,其它各器官的靶器官/非靶器官的放射性摄取比值(T/NT)均大于1,其中T/Mu(肌肉)8,显示出~(125)I-OxLDL-Ab对靶器官有一定的选择性。标记抗体的体内靶向性是显像研究中至关重要的一环,要进一步用于动脉粥样硬化早期显像诊断,还需进一步提高靶器官/非靶器官的放射性摄取比值,提高其在体内与其抗原的亲和性。     

β甲基对125碘苯代十五烷酸(125I-BMIPP)的初步动物实验

为了解脂肪酸代谢显像剂 β甲基对12 5碘苯代十五烷酸 (12 5I -BMIPP)在动物体内的分布、清除和代谢干预对其心肌摄取的变化等行为 ,进行了12 5I -BMIPP的动物研究。结果显示 ,禁食SD大鼠心肌对12 5I -BMIPP的摄取高 ,最大吸收值为 5 .70 %/ g ,在心肌中滞留 1h都不变 ,至12 0min心肌摄取仍高达 2 .19± 0 .4 2ID %/ g ;30min心 /血、心 /肝和心 /肺比分别为 3.4 0、2 .6 4和 2 .88;12 5I-BMIPP在肝、肺中的摄取低 ,排泄快 ;甲状腺摄取低 ,至 12 0min ,甲状腺摄取值为 0 .0 2ID %/g ;12 5I-BMIPP与小鼠体内、外血浆蛋白结合稳定 ;异常毒性试验合格 ,每千克小鼠接受的量是人的 5 0 0倍 ;pH为 7.0 0和 7.4 0时的分配系数 (logP)分别为 1.93和 1.6 8;代谢干预研究结果显示 ,葡萄糖胰岛素干预组心肌摄取明显升高 ,与对照组相比差异具有极显著的意义。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

The preclinical pharmacological study of dopamine transporter imaging agent 18F-FP-β-CIT

The paper is to study pharmacologic characteristics of 18F-FP-β-CIT (18F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β- carbomethoxy-3β- (4-iodophenyl)nortropane) as an imaging agent for dopamine transporter. The radiochemical purity of 18F-FP-β-CIT in aqueous solution was over 95% after standing at room temperature for 4h. Biodistribution displayed rapid uptake in rat brain (1.375 %ID/organ at 5min and 0.100 %ID/organ at 180 min) and the striatal uptake was 1.444,0.731, 0.397, 0.230 and 0.146 %ID/g at 5, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min, respectively. The values of striatum/cerebellum,striatum/frontal cortex and striatum / hippocampus in rat's brain at 30 min were 3.38, 2.17 and 2.40 respectively. The uptake in striatum can be blocked by β-CFT, suggesting that 18F-FP-β-CIT binds to DAT peculiarly. The compound was rapidly cleared from monkey's blood. The striatal uptake was bilaterally decreased in the left-sided lesioned PD rats, compared with normal control. Brain PET imaging studies in normal monkey showed that 18F-FP-β-CIT was concentrated in striatum. The test of undue toxicity showed that the dose received by mice was 1250 times as by human, which indicates that 18F-FP-β-CIT is very safe. So 18F-FP-β-CIT is a promising PET imaging agent for DAT with safety and validity.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 16(2014)

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Radioactivity levels in soil of salt field area,Kelambakkam,Tamilnadu,India

Soil samples in and around salt field area have been analyzed for natural radioactivity concentration using gamma ray spectrometer.The activity concentration for ~(232)Th,~(238)U and ~(40)K are ranged from 27.88 to 45.27 Bq/kg, from BDL to 13.30 Bq/kg,and from 135.54 to 381.28 Bq/kg,respectively.The measured activity concentrations for these radionuclides were compared with world average activity of soil.The average activity concentration of ~(232)Th in the present study is 1.19 times higher than world median value while the activity of ~(238)U and ~(40)K is found to be lower. The absorbed dose rates due to these radionuclides were calculated.The average absorbed gamma dose rate due to the presence of ~(232)Th,~(238)U and ~(40)K in soil samples is 36.99 nGy·h~(-1).These results indicate no radiological anomaly. The data presented in this study will serve as a base line survey for primordial radionuclides concentration in the study area.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.