连续流SBR法处理城市污水试验研究

采用一种新型污水处理工艺－连续流ＳＢＲ法,对城市污水生物脱氮除磷进行了试验研究。结果表明：该工艺在总ＨＲＴ为１０ｈ、容积负荷为０．５５－０．９ｋｇＣＯＤ／（ｍ＾３．ｄ）、主暴区污泥负荷为０．５－０．７ｋｇＣＯＤ／（ｋｇＭＬＳＳ．ｄ）时,控制主暴区的ＤＯ在０．２－０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ,便,可获得较好的ＣＯＤ和ＴＰ去除效果,出水ＣＯＤ低于５０ｍｇ／Ｌ,去除率达８５％以上,出水ＴＰ可降至０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ以下,去     

复合变速生物滤池深度处理城市污水研究

采用复合变速生物滤池对城市污水厂二级出水进行了深度处理的生产性试验。结果表明：复合变速生物滤池应当采用小断面进水、大断面出水的运行方式,最佳运行条件为ＨＲＴ＝２．８ｈ,工作周期为２４ｈ,浊度去除率为７４．３％～９０．０％,ＣＯＤｃｒ却除率为２０．０％～４２．０％,ＢＯＤ５却除率平均值为６９．０％,出水水 达到《生活杂用水水质标准》（ＣＪ２５．１－８９）。     

产自火山灰物质和产自水泥中的钙矾石的差别

混凝土遇到硫酸溶液常产生钙矾石。本文对Ｆｒａｔｉｎｉ试验得出的固相钙矾石用Ｘ－衍射方法进行了半定量分析，共使用三种水泥Ｐ－１（１４．１１％Ｃ３Ａ），－３１（７．６％Ｃ３Ａ），ＰＹ－６（０．００％Ｃ３Ａ），五种火山灰物质Ｄ、Ｏ、Ａ、Ｃ、Ｍ和五种火山灰不泥Ｃ７０／３０），ＰＹ－６／Ｄ、Ｏ、Ａ、Ｃ、Ｍ，其中都加入了石膏，使它们含有７．０％或者２１．０％的ＳＯ３。同时，五种火山灰物质加Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２和石膏     

贫液喷射闪蒸技术在脱碳工艺中的应用

贫液喷射闪蒸技术在脱碳工艺中的应用张景奇，魏有福（陕西兴平化肥厂，７１３１００）我厂采用苯菲尔法脱碳，该法最大的优点是净化气中ＣＯ２低，一般可脱除到０．１～０．１５％，还能吸收Ｈ２Ｓ，并能使ＣＯＳ和ＳＯ２转化为Ｈ２Ｓ而被溶液吸收，吸收率达７５～９９％...     

国外专利

国外专利沥青结构的橡胶修补材料及修补方法（日本公开特许９４—１８６，７２２）该修补材料含６０％～９５％Ｈ２Ｃ：ＣＲＣＯ２（Ｒ＇Ｏ）ｎＲ’［Ｒ＝Ｈ、Ｍ．；Ｒ’＝Ｃ２－６亚烷基，Ｃ４－６氧化烯．其中Ｃ≥２亚烷基链的≥２链段通过Ｏ结合；Ｒ２＝（氢化）联环戊...     

汉城新机场

工程名称：仁川国际机场建设设计：Ｃ．Ｗ．ＦＥＩＶＴＲＳＳ　Ｊ．Ｈ．ＢＲＡＤＢＵＲＮ　＆ ＡＳＳＯＣＩＡＴＥＳＡＮＤ　ＭＣＣＬＬＥＲ　ＣＯＲＰＯＲＡＴＩＯＮ　ＡＮＤ　ＫＢ　ＨＪＷ室内设计：Ｊｅａｎ　Ｍｉｃｈｅａｌ　ｗｉｌｌｏｍｅｎｔ位置：韩国仁川市占地面积：１１７２４,０００ｍ２建筑面积：１３８２０ｍ２（设计面积：１５３５５９ｍ２）建筑密度：１．１７８％（设计建筑密度：１．３１％）容积率：３．４％（设计容积率：３．７５５％）层数：地上４层,地下１层建筑规模：长１０３９ｍ,宽１４９ｍ,总高度３３．０…     

缺氧─好氧工艺处理印染废水的试验研究

对缺氧─好氧工艺处理印染废水可行性进行了试验研究，取得了工程设计所需的试验数据．研究表明：当进水ＣＯＤ＝１８００ｍｇ／Ｌ，ｐＨ＝１０．０～１０．８，水力停留时间ＨＲＴ＝１３ｈ，则系统出水ＣＯＤ＝２７０ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＣＯＤ平均去除率为８５％．其中二级缺氧段在水力停留时间仅为３．８５ｈ的情况下，使废水ＢＯＤ５／ＣＯＤ由进水０．２左右提高到０．４６～０．４８，ｐＨ值由１０．０～１０．８下降至７．６～８．３，为后续好氧处理创造了有利条件，这是本试验流程能够有效地处理该印染废水的关键．     

复合矿化剂对粉煤灰水泥水化强度的影响

通过对掺有氟、硫的复合矿化剂烧成的熟料制成的粉煤灰水泥的水化程度、水化强度和非蒸发水的测定及ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ分析，探讨了复合矿化剂对粉煤灰水泥水化强度的影响，发现其作用机理是复杂的，矿化作用的发挥是有条件的。当ＫＨ＝０．９２、ｎ＝１．８０、ｐ＝１．２６、ＣａＣｌ２／ＳＯ３＝０．８时，矿化效果较好。     

示波极谱法测定矿石中的金

在ＰＴ－Ｈ３ＰＯ４－ＮａＨ２ＰＯ４体系中，金有一个络合吸附波。峰电位为－０．３２Ｖ（ＶｓＳＣＥ），检测下限为８．２×１０－９ｍｏｌＬ－１。峰电流与金含量在０．０２０～０．８０μｇｍｌ－１范围内呈线性关系。该法可用于金矿中金的测定。     

湖南医大附属三院污水处理站设计体会

１基本情况湖南医科大学附属第三医院污水处理站最高日污水量为１６１１２ｍ３,最大时污水量为１８０５６ｍ３。污水水质为：ＢＯＤ５＝７０～９０ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＣＯＤ＝９０～１７０ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＮＨ３－Ｎ＝２０～３０ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＤＯ＝１．０～１．５ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＳＳ＝７...     

立米级水煤气耐硫甲烷化试验研究

ＳＧ－１００型耐硫甲烷化催化剂，在立米级水煤气耐硫甲烷化工艺装置上，进行了近５０００小时的中间试验，试验证实，催化剂有良好的初始活性，使用寿命预计可达一年以上，采用的固定床绝热反应器和多段反应，段间冷却的工艺是可行的，在０．７５ＭＰａ，３００ｈ＾－１～４００ｈ＾－１空速下，甲烷生成率可达到４１％，每标准立方米煤气热值可增加３ＭＪ左右。     

煤气加压耐硫甲烷化立升级试验研究

介绍煤气甲烷化的原理以及煤气加压耐硫甲烷化的工艺流程。采用SU-329催化剂进行煤气加压耐硫甲烷化立升级试验。SU-329催化剂具有耐硫、变换和甲烷化三重功能,采用固定床反应器、热量分段导出的工艺路线是可行的。     

Indoor Environmental Risk Factors for Respiratory Health in Children

Abstract The indoor environment of 80 houses in the Latrobe Valley, Victoria, Australia was assessed during six visits performed bi-monthly over a period of one year. Children between 7 and 14 years of age residing in the houses were included, resulting in 148 study children, 53 of whom were asthmatic. A respiratory health questionnaire was completed and skin prick tests performed. Significant risk factors for asthma were: exposure to a gas stove (OR=3.15, 95% CI 1.28-7.72), and indoor pets (OR = 2.68, 95% CI 1.07-6.70). Exposure to airborne Aspergillus spores (+10 CFU/m³, OR=1.51, 95% CI 1.05-2.18) was a risk factor for atopy, while exposure to a gas stove (OR=2.32, 95% CI 1.04-5.18) was a risk factor for respiratory symptoms. In conclusion, exposure to gas stoves, fungal spores and pets in the home were identified as statistically significant risk factors for respiratory health in children.     

型煤催化气化活性研究

本文用管式反应器研究了五台气煤制成的型煤与ＣＯ２气化反应活性。结果表明：Ｎａ２ＣＯ３和Ｋ２ＣＯ３都显示了较好的催化作用，且Ｋ２ＣＯ３的作用优于Ｎａ２ＣＯ３。添加这两种催化剂能使气化速率提高，活化能降低。同时发现两种催化剂的添加量均存在一极限量。     

水煤气低压耐硫甲烷化的工业化生产

综述了煤气甲烷化的现状，介绍了水煤气低压耐硫甲烷化的工业化设计，分析了工业化试生产的测试情况，讨论了待改进的问题。     

焦炉煤气制甲醇的工艺技术研究

焦炉煤气制甲醇的硫是干法脱硫的主要目标,加氢转化有机硫并防止发生甲烷化副反应是加氢转化脱硫的技术难点,组合式两级转化、两级吸收是精脱高浓度有机硫的优选方案.催化部分氧化工艺是目前焦炉煤气烷烃转化的主要技术手段.及时移走反应热以防止合成催化剂过热失活同时副产高品质蒸汽是甲醇合成反应器的基本技术要求.低压法合成甲醇催化剂的活性与选择性是决定甲醇合成效率和副反应产率的关键.     

变换反应在煤气甲烷化中的作用

本文通过计算说明,甲烷化反应只能提高煤气热值,不能降低煤气中的CO含量,降低煤气中CO含量主要由变换反应来实现。并以水煤气为例提出了直接甲烷化的最佳值。     

Effect of hydraulic retention time on sulfate reduction in a carbon monoxide fed thermophilic gas lift reactor

Thermophilic hydrogenogenic carbon monoxide (CO) converting microorganisms present in anaerobic sludge play a crucial role in the application of CO as electron donor for sulfate reduction. Hydrogenogenic CO conversion was investigated in a gas lift reactor (55 degrees C) at different hydraulic retention times (HRT). Operation at a HRT>9h resulted in predominant consumption of CO-derived H2 by methanogens (up to 90%) and thus in a poor sulfate reduction efficiency of less than 15%. At HRTs<4 h, consumption of the CO-derived H2 was dominated by sulfate-reducers, i.e. up to 95% of H2 was used for sulfate reduction. Sulfate reduction rates of 17 mmol L(-1)d(-1) were achieved at a HRT of 3h, with over 87% of the H2 produced used for sulfate reduction. Methane production, however, persisted when operating under these conditions and increasing the HRT by returning it to values >5.5h resulted in a dominance of methanogenesis over sulfate reduction. The sulfate reduction rates were limited by the amount of CO supplied and its conversion efficiency (about 85%) at higher CO loads likely resulting from a low biomass retention.     

Health and social impacts of improved stoves on rural women: a pilot intervention in Sindh, Pakistan

To assess the acceptability, social and health impacts of improved stoves among women. A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May 2002 among households using improved stoves in the two villages of District Thatta and Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. A questionnaire was administered to 45 women using improved stoves named Smoke Free Stoves (SFS). The same questionnaire was administered to a sample of 114 women, using Traditional Stoves (TS). Carbon monoxide (CO) levels were measured in a sample of both groups. Multivariate analysis was carried out to adjust for confounders. In addition, focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted to evaluate the perception of women regarding acceptability and impact of SFS on women. A majority of women reported that SFS produce less smoke and have a beneficial impact on their health. In the multivariate analysis, symptoms of dry cough (AOR=0.61; 95% CI 0.26-1.41), sneezing (AOR=0.54; 95% CI 0.22-1.30) and tears while cooking (TWC) (AOR=0.51; 95% CI 0.21-1.21) are less likely to occur in women using SFS compared to TS. However, the results were not statistically significant possibly due to the small sample. The mean (+/-s.e.) CO levels were 15.4+/-3.4 ppm in SFS and 28.5+/-5.7 ppm in TS kitchens with a mean difference of -13.1 (95% CI -29.5 and 3.2). The results indicate a trend favorable for SFS and suggest that a larger scale project should be undertaken to reach to a definitive conclusion, ideally using a longitudinal design. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: In order to enhance IAQ in kitchens in developing regions of the world stoves for burning of biomass should be constructed in a way that the emission of fuel gases are low. In this way the risk of negative health effects will be reduced.     

Variability of total exposure to PM2.5 related to indoor and outdoor pollution sources Krakow study in pregnant women

The study is a part of an ongoing prospective cohort study on the relationship between the exposure to environmental factors during pregnancy and birth outcomes and health of newborns. We have measured personal PM(2.5) level in the group of 407 non-smoking pregnant women during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy. On average, the participants from the city center were exposed to higher exposure than those from the outer city area (GM=42.0 microg/m(3), 95% CI: 36.8-48.0 vs. 35.8 microg/m(3), 95% CI: 33.5-38.2 microg/m(3)). More than 20% of study subjects were affected by high level of PM(2.5) pollution (above 65 microg/m(3)). PM(2.5) concentrations were higher during the heating season (GM=43.4 microg/m(3), 95% CI: 40.1-46.9 microg/m(3)) compared to non-heating season (GM=29.8 microg/m(3), 95% CI: 27.5-32.2 microg/m(3)). Out of all potential outdoor air pollution sources (high traffic density, bus depot, waste incinerator, industry etc.) considered in the bivariate analysis, only the proximity of industrial plant showed significant impact on the personal exposure (GM=54.3 microg/m(3), 95% CI: 39.4-74.8 microg/m(3)) compared with corresponding figure for those who did not declare living near the industrial premises (GM=36.2 microg/m(3), 95% CI: 34.1-38.4 microg/m(3)). The subjects declaring high exposure to ETS (>10 cigarettes daily) have shown very high level of personal exposure (GM=88.8 microg/m(3), 95% CI: 73.9-106.7 microg/m(3)) compared with lower ETS exposure (< or =10 cigarettes) (GM=46.3 microg/m(3), 95% CI: 40.0-53.5 microg/m(3)) and no-ETS exposure group (GM=33.9 microg/m(3), 95% CI: 31.8-36.1 microg/m(3)). The contribution of the background ambient PM(10) level was very strong determinant of the total personal exposure to PM(2.5) and it explained about 31% of variance between the subjects followed by environmental tobacco smoke (10%), home heating by coal/wood stoves (2%), other types of heating (2%) and the industrial plant localization in the proximity of household (1%).