新型翅片管束提高自然通风直接空冷系统效率

自然通风直接空冷系统凝汽器单元"Λ"型布局和传统翅片结构使得冷却空气流过翅片管束时发生严重转向,从而显著影响空冷凝汽器的流动传热性能。提出了一种新型翅片管束,其翅片通道与基管椭圆长轴方向呈一定夹角,使翅片通道方向与塔浮升力方向平行。通过CFD数值模拟和实验验证,获得了采用新型倾斜翅片管束的自然通风空冷凝汽器的空气流场和温度场,计算得到了不同环境风速下空冷凝汽器总换热量的变化规律,并与现有翅片管束的空冷凝汽器性能进行了对比。研究结果表明,采用倾斜翅片空冷凝汽器可以显著改善自然通风直接空冷系统热力性能,降低机组背压,提高空冷机组运行的经济性。     

圆形基管位置对于H型椭圆管翅片管束传热和流动特性影响

基于FLUENT软件,采用RNG k-ε湍流模型对H型椭圆翅片管束的传热与流动进行数值模拟,分析圆形基管位置对H型椭圆翅片管束的传热和流动的影响。结果表明:圆形基管位置往后移,翅片管束Nu减小,圆形基管处于第一排时,管束传热明显优于后三排位置,其Nu相较于第四排B4型翅片管束的Nu高16%,全椭圆基管A型翅片管束的Nu高15%。圆形基管位置后移,翅片管束f越小,但差别较小。在综合热力性能方面,圆形基管处于第一排时,管束表现最优。     

H形翅片管束传热和阻力特性的试验与数值模拟

根据大型电站锅炉省煤器的运行工况,对单H形和双H形翅片管束气侧的传热与阻力特性进行了模化试验研究,并利用Fluent软件对H形翅片管束的流场和温度场进行了数值模拟,得到单H形和双H形翅片管束的传热与阻力特性变化规律.结果表明:H形翅片管束的传热和阻力特性与气体的Re有关,随着气体Re的增大,气侧Nu不断增大,传热性能提高,而Eu则逐渐减小,并趋于定值;在相同Re下,单H形翅片管束气侧Nu大于双H形翅片管束气侧Nu,而气侧Eu则小于双H形翅片管束气侧Eu;数值计算结果与试验结果误差较小,采用数值计算方法能比较准确地分析H形翅片管束的流动与传热特性.     

矩形翅片椭圆管气侧流动与换热规律的数值研究

利用Fluent软件,在矩形翅片椭圆管尺寸给定的情况下,对椭圆基管偏移位置不同的椭圆矩形翅片管外空气侧层流流动与换热进行数值研究,分析偏置距离与椭圆管短轴半径之比Δx/b和雷诺数(Re)对翅片管空气侧换热和流动的影响。结果表明:在计算的Re数范围内,随着Re数的增加,努谢尔特数(Nu)逐渐增加,阻力系数(f)变化不明显;Δx/b=0.5的翅片管(Nu)数比Δx/b=-0.5的翅片管增大约4.83%~8.7%,Δx/b=0.5的翅片管外空气侧阻力系数比Δx/b=-0.5的翅片管增加约4.3%。就翅片效率而言,Δx/b=-0.5时翅片的效率最高。     

H型翅片椭圆管束传热与阻力特性的实验研究

对H型翅片椭圆管束的管外侧传热与阻力特性进行了模化实验研究,得到了H型翅片椭圆管束的管外侧传热与阻力特性变化规律,分析了横向管间距s_1与纵向管间距s_2对H型翅片椭圆管束传热与阻力特性的影响。研究表明:在研究范围内,随着s_1的增大,管外侧传热性能变差、阻力减小;随着s_2的增大,管外侧传热性能明显变差,阻力明显减小;且纵向管间距s_2对传热与阻力性能的影响比横向管间距s_1更明显。     

火电站直接空冷凝汽器积灰监测

火电站直接空冷凝汽器积灰是影响传热性能的重要因素,研究直接空冷凝汽器积灰对传热性能的影响规律并提出监测措施具有重要意义。通过分析汽轮机背压与汽轮机排汽量、冷却空气流量、凝汽器传热系数、凝汽器总传热面积以及环境温度之间的关系,得到了空冷凝汽器在维持汽轮机排汽量和冷却空气量不变时,汽轮机背压和传热系数之间的关系以及凝汽器积灰对汽轮机背压的影响。研究表明:凝汽器积灰会导致凝汽器传热系数降低,汽轮机背压升高,机组运行经济性下降。设计工况下,当蛇形翅片扁平管结构凝汽器积灰厚度达到1.2 mm时,汽轮机背压将增加50%左右。通过监测空冷机组运行过程中汽轮机背压的变化,可预报积灰的程度,为直接空冷凝汽器清洗提供一定的理论依据。     

空冷凝汽器翅片管换热器阻力特性数值研究

水资源的匮乏使节水性能显著的直接空冷式发电厂在缺水富煤地区得到了迅速推广.翅片管换热器作为空冷凝汽器的基本组成单元,其流动特性是决定空冷凝汽器运行性能的关键因素.应用计算流体力学(CFD)方法,对不同迎面风速下单排及双排翅片管换热器的阻力特性进行了数值模拟.计算结果表明:对于2种不同形式的翅片管换热器,空气侧流动阻力皆随着迎面风速的增加而升高;双排管的流动阻力略大于单排管,且随着迎面风速的增加,双排管管束相对于单排管管束的压力损失增幅呈上升趋势.通过比较不同数量网格模型的数值模拟结果,验证了网格无关性,证明了模拟结果可靠.研究结果对提高空冷凝汽器乃至空冷电厂的运行经济性都具有重要的参考价值.     

直接空冷凝汽器扁平钢管蛇形翅片气侧流动及传热特性数值研究

应用FLUENT软件,对直接空冷凝汽器扁钢管钎焊蛇形翅片气侧流动与换热进行数值研究,得到翅片管表面温度、翅片间距内空气速度分布图,研究了翅片高度、入口空气流速对换热性能、流动阻力和气侧综合换热性能评价指标的影响规律。并将模拟结果拟合得到实验关联式。结合某空冷凝汽器设计参数,验证了数值模拟结果的可靠性。     

双排管外空气流动和传热性能的数值研究

矩形翅片椭圆管,即双排管是直接空冷凝汽器的一种基本换热元件.研究了双排管外空气侧的流动和传热性能.在不同迎面风速下,对双排管空气侧进行了三维数值模拟,并对速度场、温度场进行了分析.拟合出双排管阻力和平均传热系数随迎面风速变化的计算公式.     

H型鳍片管束传热及流阻特性的数值模拟

在对H型鳍片管束的鳍片肋效率、流体物性以及管外壁温度与肋基温度差异分析的基础上,采用数值模拟技术研究了H型鳍片管束各结构参数对管束传热特性、流阻特性及综合性能的影响.结果表明:Nu随鳍片节距和厚度的增大先减小后增大,随鳍片开缝宽度和纵向管间距的增大而增大,随横向管间距的增大而减小;Nu随鳍片高度的增大,在低Re时与鳍片高度成正比关系,在高Re时与鳍片高度成反比关系;Eu随鳍片厚度、高度以及纵向管间距的增大而增大,随鳍片节距、开缝宽度以及横向管间距的增大而减小;综合因子j/f随鳍片高度、开缝宽度的增大而增大,随鳍片厚度、横向和纵向管间距的增大而减小,随鳍片节距的增大先减小后增大.     

椭圆管内对流换热与流动阻力特性研究

通过CFD技术,分别对5种长短轴之比的椭圆管管内湍流和层流状态时的换热与流动进行数值研究,分析了流体流动状态和椭圆管长短轴之比对换热系数与流动阻力的影响,并根据数值计算结果拟合出湍流区椭圆管管内换热系数的准则关系式,最后绘制每种类型椭圆管的局部换热系数曲线。研究结果表明:数值计算结果与实验值吻合良好;采用当量直径的方法计算椭圆管内换热系数误差较大;随着雷诺数的增加,每种类型的椭圆管管内阻力系数逐渐减小;而在相同的雷诺数下,随着长短轴之比K的增大,管内阻力系数逐渐增加;每种类型的椭圆管具有类似的局部换热特性,即长半轴两端点处局部换热系数最低,而短半轴两端点处具有最大局部换热系数。     

Enhancement of convective cooling using oscillating fins

Tailoring the local flow field around a fin can substantially enhance the forced convection heat transfer from a conventional heat sink. A fin is set into oscillation leading to rupture of the thermal boundary layer developed on either side of the fin. This enhancement in heat transfer is demonstrated through an increase in the time-averaged Nusselt Number (Nu) on the fin surfaces. Nu has been found to be strongly dependent on the flow Reynolds Number (Re), the frequency and amplitude of the fin oscillations. A threshold amplitude and frequency is identified beyond which Nu improvements are observed for fixed Re.     

Experimental study on heat transfer enhancement of wavy finned flat tube with longitudinal vortex generators

The performance of direct air-cooled condensers in power plant is affected significantly by air-side flow and heat transfer characteristics of the wavy finned flat tube. Experimental investigations were conducted for air-side flow and heat transfer with and without delta winglet pairs punched on the surface of the wavy fin. The different temperature fields of the heated wavy fin surface with and without delta winglet pairs were obtained by the infrared thermography technology. Both experiments and numerical simulations showed that a substantial increase in the heat transfer with six delta winglet pair generators on the wavy fin was obtained with the Reynolds number varying from 1500 to 4500, which was the range of the air flow in practical direct air-cooled condensers. The average Nusselt number increased by 21–60% with the Reynolds number varying from 1500 to 4500 and the average friction factor increased by 13–83% with the Reynolds number varying from 500 to 4500 in experiments. The average performance evaluation criteria, PEC, can be up to 1.31 with six delta winglet pairs punched on the wavy fin surface, indicating the high potential of heat transfer enhancement to direct air-cooled condensers by longitudinal vortex generators.     

椭圆钎焊与双金属轧制翅片管传热与阻力性能的试验对比

对椭圆钎焊翅片管和双金属轧制翅片管换热器的传热及阻力性能进行试验对比研究,试验得到了一系列工况下的传热数据与管外空气流动阻力数据,给出了相应的传热系数、流动阻力曲线。从总传热系数中分离出管外空气侧的对流换热系数,得到了具有一定应用价值的管外换热的计算关联式;拟合得到了管外阻力计算关联式。结果表明:椭圆钎焊翅片管比双金属轧制翅片管的传热系数约高9%,管外换热系数约高17%,且管外空气流动阻力约低11%。     

ANALYSIS OF COMBINED NATURAL AND FORCED CONVECTION IN VERTICAL SEMICIRCULAR DUCTS WITH RADIAL INTERNAL FINS

A numerical analysis of combined natural and forced convection is conducted for the fully developed laminar flow and heat transfer in a vertical semicircular duct with radial, internal longitudinal fins. Accurate solutions for heating upward flow are obtained by the finite difference method based on a fine grid, while the hydraulic and thermal conditions of the fins are ascertained. The results represent a range of Rayleigh numbers and various values of fin lengths and number of fins. The fully developed f Re and Nu values for pure forced convection in the finned semicircular duct are also documented. It is found that both the friction factor and the Nusselt number in the finned tube increase as the Rayleigh number increases. The effect of buoyancy is significant in semicircular ducts with short fins. By comparing the results of finless ducts with those of finned ducts, it was concluded that heat transfer in combined natural and forced convection in the semicircular duct is dramatically enhanced by using radial internal fins.     

螺旋翅片管束传热和阻力特性的试验研究

对13个不同翅片间距、翅片高度、横向管间距、纵向管间距的螺旋翅片管束换热器在不同雷诺数条件下的传热和阻力特性进行了试验研究,得出了翅片间距、翅片高度、横向管间距、纵向管间距及雷诺数与换热特性Nu和阻力特性Eu的准则关系式,并对准则关系式进行了分析.结果表明:随着横向管间距和翅片间距的增大,螺旋翅片管的传热得到强化,但随着纵向管间距和翅片高度的增加,螺旋翅片管的传热有所减弱;随着横向管间距、纵向管间距和翅片间距的增大,螺旋翅片管的阻力减少,但随着翅片高度的增加,螺旋翅片管的阻力增加.     

Numerical study of local heat transfer coefficient and fin efficiency of wavy fin-and-tube heat exchangers

Three-dimensional numerical simulations were performed for laminar flow of wavy fin-and-tube heat exchangers by using body-fitted coordinates (BFC) method with fin efficiency effect accounted. The prediction results of average Nusselt number, friction factor and fin efficiency were compared with the related experimental correlations [R.C. Xin, H.Z. Li, H.J. Kang, W. Li, W.Q. Tao, An experimental investigation on heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of triangular wavy fin-and-tube heat exchanger surfaces, J. Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. 28 (2) (1994) 77–83] and Schmidt approximation [T.E. Schmidt, Heat transfer calculations for extended surfaces, Refrigerating Engineering (April 1949) 351–357]. For Reynolds numbers based on the tube outside diameter ranging from 500 to 4000, the mean deviation is 3.3% for Nusselt number, 1.9% for friction factor and 3.6% for fin efficiency. The distributions of local Nusselt number and fin efficiency on fin surface were studied at wavy angle equal to 0° (plain plate fin), 10° and 20° respectively. The local Nusselt number decreases along the air flow direction, but fin efficiency increases in general. The wavy angle can greatly affect the distributions of local Nusselt number and fin efficiency, and make the distributions present fluctuation along the flow direction. The result also shows that the fin efficiency at the inlet region of wavy fin is larger than that of plain plate fin at the same region. With the increase of Reynolds number, the effects of wavy angle on the distributions of local Nusselt number and fin efficiency are more and more significant.     

Forced convection heat transfer and pressure drop for a horizontal cylinder with vertically attached imperforate and perforated circular fins

In this study, the effect of holes placed on perforated finned heat exchangers on convective heat transfer experimentally investigated. Six millimeter-diameter holes were opened on each circular fin on a heating tube in order to increase convective heat transfer. These holes were placed on the circular fins in such a way as to follow each other at the same chosen angle. The holes created turbulence in a region near the heating tube surface on the bottom of the fin. Some experiments were then performed to analyze the effect of this turbulence on heat transfer and pressure drop. These experiments were carried out at six different angular locations in order to determine the best angular location. In addition, a perforated finned heater was compared with an imperforate finned heater to observe the differences. In the cases of the Re above the critical value, Nusselt numbers for the perforated finned positions are 12% higher than the Nusselt numbers for the imperforate state. Moreover, a correlation has been obtained between the Re and Nu in the Re number above the critical value and the Re below the critical value. Meanwhile, correlations regarding pressure drops in the flow areas have been obtained.     

水滴形管换热与阻力特性的数值研究

为提高换热管的综合性能,设计并研究了一种新型水滴形换热管,采用CFD软件,在相同管横截面积的前提下,对圆形、椭圆形及水滴形换热管单管和管束的换热与阻力特性进行了模拟计算。研究表明:水滴形管可以明显减小换热管背流面的回流;在相同的进口流速下,水滴形管管束努塞尔数Nu较圆管和椭圆管分别增大了28%和18. 5%,而进出口压降相较于椭圆形及圆形管分别减小了45. 5%及90%,相较于圆形管及椭圆形管,水滴型管具有更好的换热流动特性。     

Development of new correlations for forced convection heat transfer during cooling of products

This paper presents the new, simple but powerful effective Nusselt–Reynolds correlations for estimating the effective convective heat transfer coefficients of spherical and cylindrical products cooled in water and air flows. In this respect, both experimental and theoretical works were obtained. In the experimental case, several spherical and cylindrical products, namely, tomatoes, pears and cucumbers were cooled in water and air flow and their centre temperature variations were measured. In the theoretical case, the effective convective heat transfer coefficients for the individual spherical and cylindrical products were determined using the centre temperature data in the present approach including Dincer's models. Therefore, the new Nusselt–Reynolds correlations were developed using the effective convective heat transfer coefficient values and a general diagram of Nu/Pr^1/3 against Reynolds number was drawn. This study indicates that the present effective Nu–Re correlations are capable of estimating the effective convective heat transfer coefficients of any spherical and cylindrical shaped products exposed to water and air cooling in practical applications in a simple and accurate manner.